THE RECURRENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS IN THE VIEW OF THE GENEALOGICAL COMPONENT ESTIMATION.

The objective - of the research is to study the contribution of the genealogical constituent in the genesis of the formation of recurrent depressive disorders. A group of 108 patients with RDR who were in the main group and 46 persons without mental disorders who were in the comparison group were examined. To estimate the genealogical component, 297 relatives of the main group and 167 relatives of the comparison group were evaluated. The set of research methods included: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-genealogical and methods of statistical processing of the obtained data. A substantial accumulation of psychiatric disorders in the pedigrees of the patients with RDD was established, which indicates a significant role of hereditary factors in the occurrence of clinical forms of this pathology: the rate of relatives with mental disorders was statistically higher in the pedigrees of patients with RDR than in those in the comparison group (in the main group the rates of staying under observation by a psychiatrist and presence of depression in relatives exceeded 6-8 times, the rate of suicidal behavior 2.6-5.0 times, propensity to alcohol dependence 1.5-2.0 times (p < 0.05) similar rates in the comparison group. At estimation of gender aspects of hereditary burdening it has been established, that at increase of severity of DDR course the burdening of patients' family trees with mental disorders increased: the frequency of female relatives with depression (50.00 %) and male relatives with depression (20.00 %) and alcohol addiction (41.70 %) increased. The results indicate the need to consider heredity factors in the diagnosis, risk assessment of the severity of depression and its recurrence.

Nucleotide metabolism by gastric glands and H(+)-K(+)-ATPase-enriched membranes.

alpha-Toxin-permeabilized gastric glands represent a functional model in which acid secretion can be elicited by either adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) or ATP, with proven morphological and functional transition between resting and secretory states [X. Yao, S. M. Karam, M. Ramilo, Q. Rong, A. Thibodeau, and J. G. Forte. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C61-C73, 1996.] In this study we use alpha-toxin-permeabilized rabbit gastric glands to study energy metabolism and the interplay between nucleotides to support acid secretion, as indicated by the accumulation of aminopyrine (AP). When permeabilized glands were treated with a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, the secretory response to cAMP was inhibited, whereas the secretory response to ATP was potentiated. This implied that 1) ATP provided support not only as an energy source but also as substrate for adenylate cyclase, 2) activation of acid secretion by cAMP needed ATP, and 3) ATP and cAMP exchanged rapidly inside parietal cells. To address these issues, we tested the action of adenine nucleotides in the presence and absence of oxidizable substrates. All adenine nucleotides, including AMP, ADP, ATP, and cAMP, could individually enhance the glandular AP accumulation in the presence of substrates, whereas only a high concentration of ATP (5 mM) was able to support secretory activity in substrate-free buffer. Moreover, ATP could maintain 75-80% of maximal secretory activity in phosphate-free buffer; cAMP alone could not support secretion in phosphate-free buffer. In glands and in H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase-rich gastric microsomes, we showed the operation of adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, and ATP/ADP exchange activities. These enzymes, together with endogenous adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase, provide the recycling of nucleotides essential for the viability of alpha-toxin-permeabilized gastric glands and imply the importance of nucleotide recycling for energy metabolism in intact parietal cells.