ABSTRACT
The consensus statement published by the German Society for Phoniatry and Paedaudiology in the year 2000 has been revised and actualized. The revised version takes into account current scientific and clinical findings. Aspects of the definition of auditory processing disorders (APD) are described extensively. These include symptoms, anamnestic information and diagnostic steps (preliminary examinations, subjective and objective audiological procedures). APD can appear in different forms, some of which can be classified within subtypes. Furthermore, factors which need to be considered in order to differentiate between APD and other diseases are specified. Therapeutic intervention possibilities which are rated according to their prognostic values conclude the article.
Subject(s)
Audiology/standards , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/therapy , Pediatrics/standards , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/standards , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/classification , Child , Germany , HumansABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: A new "all in one" sensing device was developed for continuous transtracheal intraoperative monitoring and in situ detection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The new system is based on a double-balloon endotracheal tube with integrated atraumatic stimulating and tracing electrodes. The recurrent laryngeal nerve is stimulated transtracheally and compound action potentials are recorded from the laryngeal muscles. Fifty-five patients were introduced into a phase-one clinical trial. Thirty-five patients with primary thyroid operations, 20 patients with reoperations, 10 of whom had neck dissections. All patients were evaluated laryngoscopically and phoniatrically by an ENT specialist before and after surgery. RESULTS: Compound muscle action potentials were recorded continuously during the whole operation and responded sensitively to tension and pressure to the nerve. There were no accidental permanent RLN palsies. CONCLUSION: The new system offers five advantages: (1) it is atraumatic; (2) it is easy to use; (3) it can monitor continuously with an audio feedback to the surgeon; (4) it works outside the operation field; and (5) it is highly sensitive, even indicating reversible irritation to the nerve.
Subject(s)
Electromyography/instrumentation , Monitoring, Intraoperative/instrumentation , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries , Thyroidectomy , Vocal Cord Paralysis/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Electric Stimulation/instrumentation , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/physiopathology , Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve/physiopathology , Reoperation , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Vocal Cord Paralysis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
After a survey concerning the previous testing methods in Newborn-Audiometry three different examinations are carried out and compared. Thereby the testing by bone conduction is doing best. There are only small intensities necessary. The results are reproducable well and have small scattering. The investigation makes no high demands to the technical equipment, to the personal appointment and the loss the time. The author supposed that the Newborn-Audiometry by bone conduction is a suitable method as a screening test especially for high risk children.
Subject(s)
Audiometry/methods , Hearing Disorders/congenital , Bone Conduction , Humans , Infant, Newborn , RiskABSTRACT
The inclusion of ultra-sound in the routine diagnosis of sinus disease reduces the margin of error by about 6%, compared to that using clinical records and x-ray. The investigator should have sufficient experience in operating the ultrasonic equipment. Especially valuable is the ultrasonic diagnosis in cases of discharge, mucosal swelling or tumor in the sinus, as well as in cases of sinus examination of children and for control of patients having had conservative treatment or operations.
Subject(s)
Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnosis , Ultrasonography , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Maxillary Sinus/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , RadiographyABSTRACT
By employing ultrasound in the routine diagnosis of sinus diseases, the margin of error in the accuracy of diagnosis can be reduced by 10% compared to that using clinical records and x-rays, provided however, that the investigator has sufficient experience in operating the ultrasonic equipment. The inclusion of ultrasonic diagnostics has proven itself particularly valuable in the diagnosis if both discharges and tumors in children and for progress control of patients having had conservative treatment or operations.
