ABSTRACT
Tests of human brain circuit function typically require fixed equipment in lab environments. We have developed a smartphone-based platform for neurometric testing. This platform, which uses AI models like computer vision, is optimized for at-home use and produces reproducible, robust results on a battery of tests, including eyeblink conditioning, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle response, and startle habituation. This approach provides a scalable, universal resource for quantitative assays of central nervous system function.
Subject(s)
Reflex, Startle , Smartphone , Humans , Reflex, Startle/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation , Prepulse Inhibition , Habituation, PsychophysiologicABSTRACT
The influence of hydrogen plasma treatment on the electrical and optical properties of vertical GaN nanowire (NW)/Si heterostructures synthesized via plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy is studied. The effect of the treatment is thoroughly studied via variation of the passivation duration. Photoluminescence investigation demonstrates that the passivation affects the doping of the GaN NWs. The samples were processed as photodiodes with a top transparent electrode to obtain detailed information about the n-GaN NWs/p-Si heterointerface under illumination. The electron beam induced current measurements demonstrated the absence of potential barriers between the active parts of the diode and the contacts, indicating ohmic behavior of the latter. I-V characteristics obtained in the dark and under illumination show that hydrogen can effectively passivate the recombination centers at the GaN NWs/Si heterointerface. The optimum passivation duration, providing improved electrical properties, is found to be 10 min within the studied passivation regimes. It is demonstrated that longer treatment causes degradation of the electrical properties. The discovered phenomenon is discussed in detail.
ABSTRACT
The role of Si (111) substrate surface preparation and buffer layer composition in the growth, electronic and optical properties of the GaN nanowires (NWs) synthesized via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy is studied. A comparison study of GaN NWs growth on the bare Si (111) substrate, silicon nitride interlayer, predeposited AlN and GaO x buffer layers, monolayer thick Ga wetting layer and GaN seeding layer prepared by the droplet epitaxy is performed. It is demonstrated that the homogeneity and the morphology of the NW arrays drastically depend on the chosen buffer layer and surface preparation technique. An effect of the buffer and seeding layers on the nucleation and desorption is also discussed. The lowest NWs surface density of 14 µm-2 is obtained on AlN buffer layer and the highest density exceeding the latter value by more than an order of magnitude corresponds to the growth on the 0.3 ML thick Ga wetting layer. It is shown, that the highest NWs mean elongation rate is obtained with AlN buffer layer, while the lowest elongation rate corresponds to the bare Si (111) surface and it is twice as lower as the first case. It is found, that use of AlN buffer layer corresponds to the most homogeneous NWs array with the smallest length dispersion while the least homogeneous array corresponds to the bare Si substrate. Vertically aligned GaN NWs array on the wide bandgap GaO x semiconductor buffer layer grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition demonstrates its potential for electronic applications. Photoluminescence (PL) study of the synthesized samples is characterized by an intense optical response related to the excitons bound to neutral donors. The highest PL intensity is obtained in the sample with AlN buffer layer.
ABSTRACT
The paper presents the dynamics and the current state of radioactive contamination with 137Cs of low--running Kozhanovskoe lake situated in Bryansk region. Semi-empiric assessment of the current radiation state based on the analysis of dynamics of contamination of Kozhanovskoe lake with 137Cs corresponds satisfactory to experimental data. Integral 137Cs inventories were estimated for the main components of the lake, including water, bottom sediments and aquatic vegetation for the period of 2005-2007.
Subject(s)
Cesium Radioisotopes/analysis , Chernobyl Nuclear Accident , Fresh Water/analysis , Radiation Monitoring/methods , Water Pollutants, Radioactive/analysis , Ecosystem , Geologic Sediments/analysis , Kinetics , Plant Development , Plants/radiation effects , Seasons , Time Factors , UkraineABSTRACT
Experiments on rats showed that injection of propranolol into the medulla oblongata increased the contents of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA by 3.76, 1.4, 2.0, and 1.7 times, respectively. These propranolol-induced changes in the levels and ratio of neurotransmitters were not accompanied by variations in serotonin content. Propranolol had no significant effects on the content of excitatory amino acids, except marked increase in aspartate content. The level of inhibitory amino acids increased mainly due to an increase in GABA content. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids was shifted towards inhibitory compounds.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Catecholamines/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/physiology , Propranolol/pharmacology , Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effects , Adrenal Glands/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Animals , Male , Medulla Oblongata/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats , Serotonin/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolismABSTRACT
Local injection of verapamil into ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata triggered the release of epinephrine. Verapamil increased the total content of norepinephrine and epinephrine by 560% and decreased the content of serotonin by 46%. Verapamil had no effect on norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios in normal rats. Blockade of K+-channels in the medulla oblongata by local injection of 0.001 mg amiodarone did not change the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios. In the medulla oblongata, verapamil proportionally increased the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA. Similarly, amiodarone increased the levels of L-DOPA and dopamine by 2.6 and 3.2 times, respectively. Amiodarone shifted the ratio of neuroactive amino acids towards inhibitory transmitters.
Subject(s)
Adrenal Glands/metabolism , Amiodarone/pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/metabolism , Excitatory Amino Acids/metabolism , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/metabolism , Verapamil/pharmacology , Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Animals , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Dopamine/metabolism , Epinephrine/metabolism , Levodopa/metabolism , Male , Microinjections , Norepinephrine/metabolism , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Serotonin/metabolism , Sympathetic Nervous System/drug effectsABSTRACT
Bradysole (1 mg/kg intravenously) induced a moderate increase in cerebral bloodflow and a minor decrease in systemic blood pressure in narcotized rats. These effects were less pronounced compared to the effects of dibasole (bradysole structural analog) in the same dose.
Subject(s)
Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Neurotransmitter Agents/chemistry , Neurotransmitter Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
We demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of novel imidazobenzoimidazole derivatives RU-353 and RU-563 on cerebral blood flow and systemic blood pressure in narcotized rats. The effects of RU-353 increased, while the effect of RU-563 decreased with increasing the dose.
Subject(s)
Benzimidazoles/pharmacology , Cerebrovascular Circulation/drug effects , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Male , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The effect of cyclic GABA derivative TZ-146 on the content of catecholamines, serotonin, their metabolites, and neurotransmitter amino acids in rat hypothalamus and brain stem was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Opposite changes in the content of homovanillic acid, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine in the examined structures were accompanied by inhibition of dopamine metabolism. Possible participation of cerebral glutamatergic system in the effect of TZ-146 is discussed.
Subject(s)
Brain Stem/metabolism , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Rats , Rats, Wistar , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolismABSTRACT
Clinicomorphological analysis of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a 50-year-old female and literature data revealed objective difficulties in morphological diagnosis using cytological and histological methods. Large number of epithelioid histiocytes and tumor cells polymorphism resembled Lennert's lymphoma (peripheral T-cell lymphoma). Immunohistochemical study confirmed B-cell origin of tumor cells and large number of reactive T-cells. It is suggested that it would be more correctly to use the term "Lennert-like areas" in such cases with subsequent immunohistochemical study.
Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology , Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Autonomic Nervous System/drug effects , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives , Acetylcholine/pharmacology , Adrenal Glands/drug effects , Adrenal Glands/physiology , Alkaloids/pharmacology , Animals , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Azocines , Blood Pressure/physiology , Carotid Arteries/pathology , Cats , Chromaffin System/drug effects , Chromaffin System/physiology , Constriction, Pathologic , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electric Stimulation , Female , Ganglia, Parasympathetic/drug effects , Ganglia, Parasympathetic/physiology , Male , Quinolizines , Respiration/drug effects , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Superior Cervical Ganglion/drug effects , Superior Cervical Ganglion/physiology , Vagus Nerve/physiology , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacologySubject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives , Action Potentials/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/toxicity , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Calcium Channel Blockers/toxicity , Cats , Dogs , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiology , Female , Guinea Pigs , Heart/drug effects , Heart/physiopathology , In Vitro Techniques , Lethal Dose 50 , Male , Rabbits , Rats , Sodium Channel Blockers , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/toxicitySubject(s)
Coronary Vessels/drug effects , Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacology , Adenylyl Cyclases/biosynthesis , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Cats , Coronary Circulation/drug effects , Dogs , Enzyme Activation , GABA Antagonists/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , In Vitro Techniques , Muscarinic Antagonists/pharmacology , Prostaglandin Antagonists/pharmacology , Receptors, GABA-A/drug effects , Sodium Channel Blockers , VagotomySubject(s)
Blood Circulation/drug effects , Skin/drug effects , Succinic Acid/pharmacology , Animals , Dogs , Epidermis/drug effects , Epidermis/metabolism , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Histamine/blood , Lethal Dose 50 , Mice , Microcirculation/drug effects , Necrosis , Rats , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Serotonin/blood , Skin/blood supply , Skin/pathology , Succinic Acid/toxicity , Surgical Flaps/pathologySubject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/toxicity , Benzamides/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents/pharmacology , Morpholines/pharmacology , Succinates/pharmacology , Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives , Amiodarone/toxicity , Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Benzimidazoles/toxicity , Dibenzazepines/toxicity , Drug Antagonism , Electrocardiography , Lidocaine/toxicity , Male , Procainamide/toxicity , Propranolol/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tryptophan/pharmacology , Verapamil/toxicitySubject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/prevention & control , Animals , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Benzamides/pharmacology , Cats , Coronary Disease/complications , Drug Synergism , Morpholines/pharmacology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/complications , Picolines/pharmacology , Piracetam/pharmacology , Succinates/pharmacology , Tryptophan/analogs & derivatives , Tryptophan/pharmacologySubject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Coronary Circulation/drug effects , GABA Agonists/pharmacology , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Cats , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Surgery is the basic procedure of combined therapy for locally-advanced carcinoma of the oral mucosa. It is intended to excise involved mucosa and soft tissues of the oral cavity and to resect the mandible. Rim resection (55) produces good functional and cosmetic results and was followed by 5-year survival in 76.4%. Due to median mandibulotomy (24), optimal access was provided to tumor involving the whole tongue and sitting at the back of the oral cavity (5-year survival--58.3%). Postoperative complication incidence was significantly lowered when titanium miniplates were used for mandibular arch reconstruction. When these miniplates and osteomyocutaneous flaps were used for mandibular reconstruction, following segmental resection, good cosmetic and functional results were recorded in 5 out of 8 cases (5-year survival--75%).