ABSTRACT
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by polyuria with dilute urine due to the inability of the principal cells of the renal collecting ducts to respond to antidiuretic hormone and concentrate urine. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be drug induced, and several chemotherapeutic agents have been reported to cause it. Bendamustine is a traditional chemotherapeutic agent being studied for treatment for relapsed systemic AL amyloidosis. We report a case of a 59-year-old man with AL amyloidosis who developed partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after receiving bendamustine for treatment of AL amyloidosis. The nephrogenic diabetes insipidus responded well to sodium restriction, hydrochlorothiazide, and desmopressin treatment, allowing the patient to receive subsequent bendamustine cycles without polyuria. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus resolved shortly after completion of bendamustine therapy.
Subject(s)
Amyloidosis/drug therapy , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/adverse effects , Bendamustine Hydrochloride/adverse effects , Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic/chemically induced , Amyloidosis/immunology , Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/therapeutic use , Bendamustine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use , Humans , Immunoglobulin Light Chains , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The prognosis in light chain (AL) amyloidosis has been linked to several variables, which are primarily related to end-organ damage. Recently, bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) burden >10% has also been described as an adverse prognostic factor. We reviewed data pertaining to 546 patients with AL amyloidosis who underwent high-dose melphalan (HDM) and stem cell transplantation (SCT) to determine if BMPC > 10% was a negative prognostic factor. Of these patients, 445 had a BMPC burden ≤ 10% and 101 had a BMPC burden > 10%. Patients with BMPC > 30% were excluded from the study. The median overall survival (OS) was 7.86 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.69 to 9.83) in patients with BMPC ≤ 10% and 6.8 years (95% CI, 5.75 to 10.17) for those with BMPC >10% (hazard ratio, 1.106; 95% CI, .78 to 1.45; P = .70) after HDM/SCT. Of the 101 patients with a BMPC burden > 10%, 25 received induction therapy. The median OS was 7.78 years (95% CI, 5.4 to 13.4) for those without induction therapy and 5.75 years (95% CI, 3.94 to not available; P = .28) for those with induction therapy. Furthermore, hematologic response and relapse rates did not differ in these 2 groups after HDM/SCT. We conclude that BMPC > 10% and < 30% is not a poor prognostic factor with respect to survival in patients with AL amyloidosis treated with HDM/SCT and that induction therapy in this group does not impact OS.
