ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of fall-related ocular trauma in patients over 90 years of age. METHODS: Retrospective, medical record reviews. Patients over the age of 90 years treated in a tertiary center with fall-related ocular trauma were included in the study. RESULTS: Fifty consecutive patients (fifty eyes) were analyzed. The mean age was 93.6 ± 1.8 years and 41 patients (82%) were female. The most common site of the injuries was orbital fracture (18 patients, 36%), accompanied with open globe rupture (OGR) in three patients, and globe contusion in two patients. Seventeen patients (34%) presented with OGR. Ocular trauma score in those patients was category 1 in 10 patients (58.8%) and category 2 in the others. Conjunctival hemorrhage and/or periocular contusion was seen in 14 patients (28%) and globe contusion in six patients (12%). At the presentation, the mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.82 ± 0.24 logMAR in patients with OGR and 1.98 ± 0.81 logMAR in six patients with globe contusion. Three of the patients with OGR had a final vision of 20/200 or better whereas the remaining patients had hand movements or less. The most common risk factors were female gender (82%) and use of antihypertensive drugs (46%). CONCLUSION: Patients with OGR had a poor visual outcome despite the early treatment. It is important to raise public awareness about of the poor prognosis of ocular injuries due to falls in the elderly population in order to establish preventive measures.
Subject(s)
Contusions , Eye Injuries, Penetrating , Eye Injuries , Humans , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Male , Accidental Falls , Retrospective Studies , Visual Acuity , Prognosis , Eye Injuries/diagnosis , Eye Injuries/epidemiology , Eye Injuries/etiology , Contusions/diagnosis , Contusions/epidemiology , Contusions/etiology , Rupture/complications , Germany/epidemiology , Trauma Severity Indices , Eye Injuries, Penetrating/complicationsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To compare the 24 month visual, refractive, topographic and aberrometric results of the accelerated and standard corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in pediatric keratoconus patients. METHODS: 87 eyes of 64 consecutive keratoconus patients under 18 years old with 24 month follow-up period following standard or accelerated CXL were included. 38 eyes received standard CXL (3 Mw/cm2, 30â¯min), while 49 eyes had accelerated CXL (9â¯mW/cm2, 10â¯min). Changes in the uncorrected (UCVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), manifest astigmatism (MA), corneal topographic parameters, and corneal aberrations such as spherical aberration (SA), high order aberrations (HOAs), horizontal and vertical coma were evaluated. Corneal haze was graded and progression rate was assessed. RESULTS: The difference between baseline and 24 months postoperative UCVA, BCVA, SimK (keratometry)-1, SimK-2, Kmax, and the corneal aberrations were not significantly different between the two groups (pâ¯>â¯0.05 for all). The mean reduction in thinnest corneal pachymetry from baseline to 24 months after CXL was higher in accelerated CXL group (pâ¯=â¯0.007). The progression rate was 13.1% in standard and 16.3% in accelerated group (pâ¯=â¯0.754). There were no differences in the grade of corneal haze between the two groups (pâ¯=â¯0.249). No complications were observed in the both groups. CONCLUSION: The 24 month results of accelerated and standard CXL revealed that, the efficacy and safety of accelerated CXL were the same with standard CXL in pediatric keratoconus patients. As being a rapid procedure, accelerated CXL appears to be more benefical for pediatric patients.
