Lung cancer diagnosis based on weighted convolutional neural network using gene data expression.

Lung cancer is thought to be a genetic disease with a variety of unknown origins. Globocan2020 report tells in 2020 new cancer cases identified was 19.3 million and nearly 10.0 million died owed to cancer. GLOBOCAN envisages that the cancer cases will raised to 28.4 million in 2040. This charge is superior to the combined rates of the former generally prevalent malignancies, like breast, colorectal, and prostate cancers. For attribute selection in previous work, the information gain model was applied. Then, for lung cancer prediction, multilayer perceptron, random subspace, and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) are used. However, the total number of parameters in a multilayer perceptron can become extremely large. This is inefficient because of the duplication in such high dimensions, and SMO can become ineffective due to its calculating method and maintaining a single threshold value for prediction. To avoid these difficulties, our research presented a novel technique including Z-score normalization, levy flight cuckoo search optimization, and a weighted convolutional neural network for predicting lung cancer. This result findings show that the proposed technique is effective in precision, recall, and accuracy for the Kent Ridge Bio-Medical Dataset Repository.

Aldose Reductase and Protein Glycation Inhibitory Activity of Dark Chocolate-Assisted Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

Introduction One of the most common health issues that the global population is dealing with is the associated complications of diabetes, which encompasses cataracts, peripheral neuropathy, vascular damage, impaired wound healing, retinal issues, and arterial wall stiffening. The present study is aimed to evaluate the effect of dark chocolate and its assisted zinc oxide nanoparticles against diabetes-associated complications. Materials and methods Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using commercially dark chocolate (DC-ZnO NP). The synthesized DC-ZnO NPs were evaluated against recombinant aldose reductase (AR) activity and the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Aminoguanidine and gallic acid were used as reference standards for AGE assay and sorbitol accumulation inhibition, respectively. Results The results of the present study showed that green synthesized DC-ZnO NP had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory activity on both AR and AGEs. The inhibitory activity was compared to that of quercetin and aminoguanidine, respectively. Conclusion Targeting the endogenous antioxidant systems like AGEs and AR enzymes seems to provide a promising therapeutic approach, thus concluding that ZnO-NP could be a promising agent for treating diabetes-related complications such as diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, and diabetic neuropathy that provide grounds for further clinical investigations and trials.

In vitro fermentation of glycosaminoglycans from mackerel fish waste and its role in modulating the antioxidant status and gut microbiota of high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice.

Bioactive polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) exhibit potential health benefits for several health complications including obesity. The gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating host metabolism, nutrition and immunity. The present work assessed the potential of extracted GAGs (e-GAGs) in maintaining the gut microbiota and ameliorating the effects of high fat diet in in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro fermentability of e-GAGs extracted from mackerel fish waste was analyzed with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and Bifidobacterium bifidum (BB); e-GAGs at 0.5 and 1% proved their prebiotic nature up to 48 h. The pH value decreased from 6.23 to 3.32, the cell density increased from 1.70 to 2.32, the viable cell count increased from 8 to 12 log CFU mL-1, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was ≈33, 31 and 36% for LP and ≈37, 29 and 34% for BB in terms of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, respectively. In vivo studies on high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice with e-GAGs (380 and 760 mg kg-1 diet) showed ameliorated gut microbiome and tissue/plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, and also the e-GAG-fed group showed significantly (P < 0.05) decreased lipid peroxidation. Cecal microbial analysis showed the health-promoting effects of e-GAGs in reducing (P < 0.05) the obesity ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) within the range (5.32 and 5.26) compared with HFD (6.23). Hence, e-GAGs can be a potential molecule for the treatment of obesity by restoring the redox status under oxidative stress and ameliorating the gut microbes that produce SCFAs which are known to have health beneficial effects.

Studies on the partial characterization of extracted glycosaminoglycans from fish waste and its potentiality in modulating obesity through in-vitro and in-vivo.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are bioactive polysaccharides or glycoconjugates found in the fish waste having significant health impacts. In the present study it has been attempted to extract GAGs from mackerel fish waste through chemical and enzymatic methods. Further, the extracted GAGs (e-GAGs) were analyzed for their composition (uronic acid, total sugar & sulfate), chemical characterization was carried out through techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) & Proton NMR. Further, probable major GAGs present was identified by enzymatic digestion. The biological potential of the extracted glycoconjugate was assessed further through in-vitro and in-vivo studies. In-vitro biological activity showed good lipase inhibition (IC50, 2.6 mg/mL) and bile acid binding properties (dose-dependent). Lipid accumulation lowered in the e-GAGs differentiated 3T3L1 preadipocyte cells have also been observed. The high fat fed animal (in-vivo) study showed ameliorative effect via reducing blood sugar∼1.28↓, lipid profile↓, plasma insulin∼3.5↓, improved glucose tolerance, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, ∼3.0↓). Furthermore, elimination of bile acid (BA) due to GAG-BA binding properties resultant in removal of elevated fecal triglyceride and cholesterol suggesting its lipid lowering activity. Regulation of various proteins linked to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism including fatty acid synthase (FAS), low density lipoproteins receptor (LDL-R), 7α-hydroxylase, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and Peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) were significant (p < 0.05) with e-GAGs treatment when compared to HFD group. Thus, the e-GAGs showed potential hypolipidemic activity through elimination of bile acid binding property together with regulating the specific protein related to obesity and its associated complications.

Modulation of obesity associated metabolic dysfunction by novel lipophilic fraction obtained from Agaricus bisporus.

AIM: The present study aimed to prepare a novel lipophilic fraction rich in fat soluble bioactive from Agaricus bisporus and investigated its impact through in vitro and in vivo assessments since the prospective biological activities of fat soluble components from mushrooms are limited. METHODS: Ergosterol concentrate fraction (ECF) preparation followed by subsequent characterization of the extract using various analytical techniques (HPLC-UV, Mass spectroscopy, NMR). Furthermore, the fraction has been evaluated for antioxidant activity, DNA protection ability, hypolipidemic properties by in vitro specific enzyme inhibition and in vivo animal model (C57BL/6). KEY FINDINGS: The fraction majorly contains ergosterol (504 mg/100 g dw) and linoleic acid (71.92 %). In vitro studies showed that the fraction limited free radicals induced DNA damage, exhibited significant free radical scavenging activities (IC50 of DPPH 15.64; ABTS 8.28 mg/ml), and inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity (IC50 5.03 mg/ml). Further, in vivo study showed that ECF treatment significantly (p < 0.05) improved insulin sensitivity (reduced plasma glucose & insulin, increased adiponectin) and reduced inflammatory markers (CRP & TNF-α) in comparison to high fat fed mice. Furthermore, ECF has significantly reduced plasma lipid profile and accumulation of lipids in liver. This could be due to down regulation of mRNA expression of lipogenic transcription factors such as SREBP-1c and SREBP-2, and key lipogenic enzyme ACC. Moreover, ECF treatment has suppressed protein expression of FAS, induced cholesterol clearance by enhancing LDL-R protein expression. SIGNIFICANCE: The present work for the first time evaluated the synergistic potential of ergosterol and linoleic acid to improve antioxidant defense system and ameliorate obesity associated metabolic dysfunction.

A neural network framework for predicting dynamic variations in heterogeneous social networks.

Forecasting possible future relationships between people in a network requires a study of the evolution of their links. To capture network dynamics and temporal variations in link strengths between various types of nodes in a network, a dynamic weighted heterogeneous network is to be considered. Link strength prediction in such networks is still an open problem. Moreover, a study of variations in link strengths with respect to time has not yet been explored. The time granularity at which the weights of various links change remains to be delved into. To tackle these problems, we propose a neural network framework to predict dynamic variations in weighted heterogeneous social networks. Our link strength prediction model predicts future relationships between people, along with a measure of the strength of those relationships. The experimental results highlight the fact that link weights and dynamism greatly impact the performance of link strength prediction.

Perineurioma -a rare cause of proptosis.

Perineurioma is a rare benign soft tissue tumor arising from the peripheral nerve sheath. To date only two cases of orbital perineurioma have been reported in literature. A 45-year-old, with no comorbidities, presented with protrusion of the right eye since one-year. Examination revealed 8mm proptosis of the right eye. Dilated fundoscopy of the right eye showed a pale optic disc with choroidal folds temporal to it. Computerised Tomogram (CT) of the orbit showed a well-defined intraconal mass in the inferotemporal part of the orbit. A trans conjunctival orbitotomy with lateral canthotomy was performed and the tumor was removed en bloc. On immunohistochemistry, the tumour was negative for S-100 and showed patchy weak Epithelial Membrane Antigen positivity which was suggestive of a soft tissue perineurioma.

Effect of enzyme pretreatment in the ultrasound assisted extraction of finger millet polyphenols.

Polyphenols from plant sources are increasingly recognized as functional ingredients with multiple health benefits. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), a major millet grown in Asia and Africa is a significant source of polyphenols. The extraction of polyphenols from millets which are under-utilized has received less research attention compared to other plant matrices. Therefore, the present study was carried out to identify an effective method of extracting the polyphenols from finger millet (v. GPU 28) seed coat (FMSC). Two eco friendly methods namely ultrasonication (UA) and enzyme treatment followed by ultrasonication (EUA) were compared with the conventional heat reflux method (HR). The polyphenolic profile and content along with the antioxidant potential of the extract were evaluated. Phenolic yield increased 2.3 fold using EUA with xylanase (XUA) compared to heat reflux extraction (HR). However, yield with UA was equivalent to the conventional method. Total flavonoids increased 1.4 fold in UA and 1.3 fold in XUA, similarly, tannins also showed a significant increase (1.1 fold in UA and 1.2 fold in XUA). FTIR spectra revealed the presence of all phenolic functional groups and ESI-MS showed 80% similarity in the individual polyphenols in the extracts. Catechins, luteolin and cyanidin were identified in the UA and XUA treated samples, whereas, shikimic acid derivatives- caffeoyl and di caffeoyl were present only in XUA extracts. This is the first report on enhanced extraction of polyphenols from FMSC using a combination of enzyme treatment and ultrasonication, providing a green technology for utilization of polyphenols in nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Properties of Oryzanol Concentrate in Reducing Diabetic Nephropathy via SREBP1 Downregulation Rather than ß-Oxidation.

SCOPE: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a micro-vascular complication of chronic diabetes. Sterol regulatory element binding protein1 (SREBP1) participation in the development of DN is reported. Oryzanol concentrate (OC) at 0.1% and 0.3% is tested for its antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. The aim of the work is to study the involvement of OC in the amelioration of DN in STZ-induced diabetic animal model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Animals were grouped into starch, high-fat, and OC-treated control/diabetic groups (SFC/SFD, HFC/HFD, OFC/OFD). The markers of DN, increased glomerular filtration rate and kidney weight, were evident in HFD and reduced in OFD group by ≈1.09 and ≈1.3 fold, respectively. The amelioration of defensive antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, expressions of lipid-associated biomolecules (SREBP1 and FAS) were also observed. HFD showed increased ECM accumulation of glycoproteins, particularly Type IV collagen, fibronectin. SREBP1-associated gene transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) was reduced on treatment (OFD ≈ 1.3 fold) as to HFD (≈2.7 fold). CONCLUSION: Oryzanol concentrate, having hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties, also downregulated the lipid biosynthesis through reduced SREBP1-TGF-ß interactions (EMSA) and could effectively ameliorate DN. Gene (ACC2, Cpt1, and ACOX) expression studies showed that ß-oxidation was not involved in reducing DN.

Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma - a case report of an uncommon extranodal T cell lymphoma.

Enteropathy associated T cell lymphoma is a rare primary intestinal lymphoma. It is often, but not always associated with celiac disease. Intraepithelial T cells are postulated as the cell of origin. It is a rare disease accounting for fewer than 5% of all gastrointestinal tract lymphomas. Recent studies indicate that EATL consists of two diseases that are morphologically and genetically distinct and differ with respect to their frequency of association with celiac disease. Current WHO classification recognises two subtypes of EATL - type 1 (classic) and type 2, based on morphology and immunophenotype. EATL type 1 is a large cell lymphoma which is more common and is more commonly associated with celiac disease compared to type 2. Most common site of involvement is the small intestine. We report a case of EATL type 1, in a 62-year-old female patient who presented with features of intestinal obstruction. However, she did not have spruce like featutes.

A rare case of primary parapharyngeal well differentiated liposarcoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.

Rhabdomyoblastic differentiation in liposarcoma is a rare entity, with only few cases being reported in the literature. These cases were reported in either dedifferentiated liposarcomas or in recurrent tumours which occurred in the retroperitoneum. The present case was a rare case of a primary parapharyngeal well differentiated liposarcoma with a focal rhabdomyoblastic differentiation.