ABSTRACT
The present study presents a novel method employing Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) for detection of the use of calcium carbide in artificial ripening of mangoes. Use of calcium carbide has been banned in artificial ripening of fruits as it contains traces of arsenic. Mango samples were ripened artificially using calcium carbide and compared with naturally ripened mangoes using NIR spectroscopic wavelength ranging from 600 to 1100 nm. The captured NIR spectra from mango samples were analysed using multivariate methods including principal component analysis, particle least square and successive projection algorithm. The obtained results showed distinguishing zones for naturally and artificially ripened mangoes. Furthermore, the arsenic content was obtained through ICP-MS analysis, and it was found that mangoes ripened artificially using calcium carbide have a higher content of arsenic. Hence, arsenic was used as a principal component in the analysis. The developed method is not unique to samples that were grown in any particular region or year as it and can be used universally as NIR will give the distinguishing comparison between naturally- and artificially ripened mangoes. This method is simple, non-invasive, non-destructive and rapid for detection of use of calcium carbide in the artificial ripening of mangoes.
Subject(s)
Acetylene/analogs & derivatives , Mangifera/chemistry , Acetylene/analysis , Spectroscopy, Near-InfraredABSTRACT
Mitochondrial disorders are important causes of progressive ataxia in children. Clinical examination, metabolic studies, imaging studies, muscle biopsies, and mitochondrial DNA studies are required to arrive at a specific diagnosis. There is poor correlation between phenotype and genotype in mitochondrial disorders. Ataxia is a major clinical presentation in Kearns-Sayre syndrome; mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes; myoclonic epilepsy with ragged-red fibers; neurogenic muscle weakness, ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa; Leigh's syndrome; and coenzyme Q10 deficiency.
Subject(s)
Mitochondrial Diseases/complications , Spinocerebellar Degenerations/etiology , Age of Onset , Child , DNA/genetics , Disease Progression , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Mitochondrial Diseases/diagnosis , Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics , Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Spinocerebellar Degenerations/diagnosis , Spinocerebellar Degenerations/genetics , Spinocerebellar Degenerations/pathologyABSTRACT
The authors report six patients with tick paralysis seen over 5 years. Clinical and electrodiagnostic findings failed to adequately distinguish tick paralysis from Guillain-Barré syndrome in these patients. Finding a tick attached to the scalp or the nape of the neck and removing it resulted in rapid clinical improvement.
