Diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) en el río Quenane-Quenanito, piedemonte llanero colombiano / Diversity of Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera) nymphs in the Quenane-Quenanito river, Colombian plain foothills

Resumen Introducción: Varias presiones antrópicas sufren los ecosistemas acuáticos del piedemonte llanero en Colombia. La respuesta a estresores ambientales aún se desconoce en organismos bioindicadores como Leptohyphidae. Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de ninfas de Leptohyphidae del río Quenane-Quenanito, en dos periodos hidrológicos contrastantes y su relación con algunas variables fisicoquímicas. Métodos: En diciembre (2014) y febrero (2015) se recolectaron organismos con red Surber en seis estaciones a lo largo del río. Se analizó la diversidad alfa y beta y se aplicó análisis de redundancia y modelos lineales generalizados con el fin de establecer la relación entre los taxones y las variables ambientales. Resultados: Se identificaron 369 organismos pertenecientes a cuatro géneros (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis y Tricorythodes), dos especies y ocho morfoespecies. Se reporta por primera vez para el departamento del Meta Amanahyphes saguassu. Se registró la mayor diversidad de ninfas en la transición a la sequía y la mayor abundancia en sequía. La diversidad beta señaló que la configuración del ensamblaje cambia a nivel espacial y temporal. Conclusiones: Los organismos de Leptohyphidae prefieren hábitats de corrientes, particularmente en el periodo de sequía, donde hallan alimento (hojarasca, detritos) y refugio para establecerse exitosamente; actividades antrópicas como la urbanización afectan notablemente la diversidad. La alta diversidad registrada en este pequeño río de piedemonte llanero refleja la necesidad de incrementar este tipo de trabajos y esfuerzos de recolección de material de estudio en la región.

Abstract Introduction: Various anthropic pressures affect the aquatic ecosystems of the foothills of Colombia. The response to environmental stressors is still unknown in bioindicator organisms such as Leptohyphidae. Objective: To determine the diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs of the Quenane-Quenanito river, in two contrasting hydrological periods and its relationship with some physicochemical variables. Methods: In December (2014) and February (2015), organisms were collected with a Surber net at six stations along the current. Alpha and beta diversity was analyzed and redundancy analysis and generalized linear model were applied to establish the relationship between taxa and environmental variables. Results: Were identified 369 organisms belonging to four genera (Amanahyphes, Traverhyphes, Tricorythopsis, and Tricorythodes), two species, and eight morphospecies. Amanahyphes saguassu is reported for the first time for the Meta department. High diversity of Leptohyphidae nymphs was recorded in the transition to drought season and greater abundance in drought. Beta diversity indicated that the configuration of the assemblage changes spatially and temporally. Conclusions: Leptohyphidae organisms prefer fast habitats, particularly in the dry period where they find food (leaf litter, detritus) and shelter to establish themselves successfully; anthropic activities such as urbanization notably affect diversity. The high diversity recorded in this small river in the foothills of the plains reflects the need to increase this type of works and collection efforts of study material in the region.

[Comparison of treatment with plates for distal tibia fractures]. / Comparación del tratamiento con placas en fractura de tibia distal.

INTRODUCTION: Currently the surgical treatment of fractures of extraarticular distal tibia is controversial for the multiple techniques and materials of osteosynthesis, the Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Techniques (MIPO) allow us to preserve the periosteal circulation, crucial point in the natural processes of convalescence of the patient, so this technique takes relevance in our study. OBJECTIVE: To observe that this approach to fractures of the distal tibia has fewer complications and better functional result than fixation with open technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A longitudinal, ambispective and analytical study was conducted in the period from July 2018 to September 2019 in patients with closed fracture of the extraarticular distal tibia in patients over 18 years of age without previously diagnosed musculoskeletal comorbidities, the calculation was performed with the WinPEPI program (Programs for Epidemiologists for Windows) version 11.43 based on the study by Paul Toogooda et al (2018) with a confidence interval of 95% a minimum total of 20 patients for each group. Measures of central tendency, correlations between technique and variable were used. RESULTS: Two groups of 20 patients were analyzed comparing MIPO vs conventional technique in a period of 6 months postsurgical evaluating risk of infection, wound dehiscence, radiographic bone consolidation, joint functionality and demographic data; showing positive statistical superiority for MIPO technique. CONCLUSION: Relevant data were obtained in favor of MIPO with bone consolidation and higher functional score at six months.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente el tratamiento quirúrgico de fracturas de tibia distal extraarticular es controversial por las múltiples técnicas y materiales de osteosíntesis, las técnicas Mínimo Invasivo Percutánea (MIPO) nos permiten preservar la circulación perióstica, punto crucial en los procesos naturales de convalecencia del paciente, por ello esta técnica es de gran relevancia en nuestro estudio. OBJETIVO: Observar que este abordaje de fracturas de tibia distal tiene menos complicaciones y mejor resultado funcional que la fijación con técnica abierta. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de tipo longitudinal, ambispectivo y analítico en el período de Julio de 2018 a Septiembre de 2019 en pacientes adultos con fractura cerrada de tibia distal extraarticular sin comorbilidades, el cálculo se realizó con el programa WinPEPI (Programs for Epidemiologists for Windows) versión 11.43 basado en el estudio de Paul Toogooda, con un intervalo de confianza de 95% se obtuvo un total mínimo de 20 pacientes por cada grupo. Se usaron medidas de tendencia central, correlaciones entre técnica y variable. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron dos grupos de 20 pacientes comparando la técnica MIPO vs. la convencional en un período de seis meses postquirúrgico evaluando riesgo de infección, dehiscencia de herida, consolidación ósea radiográfica, funcionalidad articular y datos demográficos, mostrando superioridad estadística positiva para la técnica MIPO. CONCLUSIONES: Se obtuvieron datos relevantes a favor de MIPO con consolidación ósea y mayor puntaje funcional articular a los seis meses.

Serological status of IBR, BVD, leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in bovine females of the department of Santander, Colombia / Estado serológico a IBR, DVB, Leucosis, Leptospira y Neospora caninum en hembras bovinas del Departamento de Santander, Colombia

Abstract Objective. To determine the serological status of bovine females for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), leucosis, Leptospira and Neospora caninum in the department of Santander, Colombia. Materials and methods. Convenience sampling was conducted on 460 cattle farms in 23 municipalities of Santander (Colombia). The collected sera were analyzed using different commercial ELISA kits following the manufacturer's instructions. Results. Seroreactive animals were found for all diseases studied, with general prevalence rates of 21.8% for leucosis, 26.1% for Leptospira, 29.7% for BVD, 48.2% for IBR and 63% for Neospora. Conclusions. The prevalence rates of the diseases analyzed in the department of Santander among the bovine population fluctuate from medium to high and thus require official control measures.

Resumen Objetivo. Conocer el estado serológico de hembras bovinas a IBR, DVB, leucosis, leptospira y Neospora caninum en el departamento de Santander, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en 460 fincas ganaderas de 23 municipios de Santander (Colombia), los sueros colectados fueron analizados mediante diferentes kits comerciales de ELISA siguiendo las instrucciones del fabricante. Resultados. En todas las enfermedades estudiadas se encontraron animales seroreactores, correspondiendo la prevalencia general a Leucosis 21.8%, Leptospira 26.1%, DVB 29.7%, IBR 48.2% y Neospora 63%. Conclusiones. En el departamento de Santander las enfermedades analizadas se encuentran en la población bovina con prevalencias que fluctúan entre medio a alto, lo cual requiere medidas de control oficial.

Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition.

The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.

Conjunctival lymphoma in right eye: Case report. / Linfoma conjuntival de ojo derecho: a propósito de un caso.

CASE REPORT: A 43-year-old woman presented with a salmon-coloured patch of 0.7mm diameter in the right eye that extended into the lower fornix in the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva, with irregular edges, and highly vascularised. Incisional biopsy was performed, showing it to be a low-grade conjunctival non-Hodgkin B cell lymphoma (or a mucosa associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] lymphoma). DISCUSSION: The lesion remained stable for 24 months of follow-up, when a relapse of the condition occurred, producing an enlargement of the initial lesion. The definitive diagnosis is made by biopsy of the affected tissue and histopathologic study.

Aspirin and spinal haematoma after neuraxial anaesthesia: Myth or reality?

The safety of aspirin therapy in neuraxial anaesthesia has been historically questioned, and the current recommendations are still heterogeneous. A comprehensive review of clinical evidence and a comparative analysis of European and American guidelines were performed. Low-dose aspirin produces a selective, complete and irreversible cyclooxygenase-1 blockade, and higher doses do not increase the antiplatelet effect. Additional cyclooxygenase-2 blockade by high-dose aspirin might decrease the antithrombotic efficacy by inhibiting endothelial prostacyclin synthesis. Different doses of aspirin have been shown to be safe in a broad population subjected to neuraxial anaesthesia or analgesia. In the few case reports of spinal haematoma involving aspirin therapy, additional complicating factors were present. Considering the available evidence, the majority of national scientific societies agree that the isolated use of aspirin does not increase the risk of spinal haematoma and does not represent a contraindication to neuraxial blocks. The precautions regarding higher doses do not seem to be justified. Although aspirin alone is considered to be safe in neuraxial anaesthesia, the concurrent administration of other antithrombotic drugs significantly increases the risk of spinal haematoma and the recommended safety times for each of these other drugs must be strictly followed. An individualized assessment of the risks and benefits should be performed, before performing a neuraxial technique or catheter removal in a patient receiving aspirin.

Stephen Mitchell: un modelo para armar: apuntes sobre su obra / Stephen Mitchell: A model to arm: Notes about his work

Stephen Mitchell, destacado psicoanalista, fallecido prematuramente a los 54 años de edad, desarrolló una serie de trabajos teórico-clínicos, fuente de inspiración para muchos psicoanalistas contemporáneos. Fundador, junto a Aron, Bromberg, Ghent y Harris de la revista Psychoanalytic Dialogues, de la que fue su primer editor. Fue invitado por los editores del Consejo Editorial de América del Norte del International Journal of Psychoanalysis, a unirse a ellos (1997-1999). Llegó a ser uno de los grandes impulsores de la fundación de la Asociación Internacional para la Psicoterapia y el Psicoanálisis Relacional (IARPP). En este artículo se aborda en detalle, el primer capítulo del libro Influence and Autonomy in Psychoanalysis (1997), el que se considera esencial para entender el punto de vista que Mitchell tenía del psicoanálisis.

Stephen Mitchell, prominent psychoanalyst, died prematurely at 54 years old, developed a series of theoretical and clinical work, inspiration for many contemporary psychoanalysts. Founder, with Aron, Bromberg, Ghent and Harris of the magazine Psychoanalytic Dialogues, which was its first editor. The editors of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis invited Mitchell to join its North American Editorial Board (1997-99).He became a great promoter and founder of the International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy (IARPP). In this article is discussed in detail, the book’s first chapter Influence and Autonomy in Psychoanalysis (1997). that is considered essential to understand the Mitchell’s point of view of psychoanalysis.

[Beta-blockers in septic shock: a review]. / Bloqueadores beta en shock séptico: una revisión.

In septic shock, high adrenergic stress is associated with cardiovascular and systemic adverse effects, which can negatively affect the results. Beta-adrenergic receptor block has been shown to be effective in controlling the disproportionate increase in heart rate, maintaining a favorable hemodynamic profile and apparently improving the efficiency of the cardiovascular system in order to maintain tissue perfusion. They have also been shown to modulate favorably catecholamine-induced immunosuppression and to decrease insulin resistance, protein catabolism, and proinflammatory cytokine expression associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Selective beta-1 blockers appear to provide better results than non-selective blockers, even suggesting a positive impact on mortality. Future clinical trials are still needed to confirm these findings and define the scope of their benefits.

Niveles de ansiedad de médicos residentes / Anxiety levels in medical residents

Introducción: La residencia médica es un período de riesgo para el desarrollo de problemas de salud mental. Los estudios de ansiedad en residentesson contrastantes; sin embargo, se cree que los niveles de ansiedad son altos ya que los programas se desarrollan en hospitales nacionales que carecende recursos fsicos, materiales y humanos. El objetvo del presente estudio es determinar los niveles de ansiedad en médicos residentes en diferentesespecialidades empleando el cuestonario inventario de la ansiedad rasgo-estado (IDARE).Métodos: Se administró una encuesta electrónica para determinar el nivel de ansiedad en médicos residentes en diferentes especialidades del HospitalGeneral San Juan de Dios.Resultados: Se obtuvieron 132 encuestas para el análisis. La mayoría de los médicos encuestados son hombres (59%), solteros (83%) que no tenendependientes (79%), cursan residencia de cirugía o medicina interna (54%), trabajan más de 80 horas por semana (85%) y viajan menos de una horapara llegar al lugar de residencia (67%). El promedio del nivel de ansiedad-estado de los médicos residentes fue 46.94 puntos, mientras que el nivelpromedio de ansiedad-rasgo fue de 42.77 puntos. El 35% de los residentes poseen niveles de ansiedad medio y 59% altos en el momento de responderla encuesta; y el 56% posee niveles de ansiedad medio y 37% alto generalmente. No se encontró diferencia estadístcamente signifcatva en los nivelesde ansiedad en base a género, estado civil, tpo de residencia, dependientes y horas de tráfco. La única variable asociada con ansiedad fue la cantdadde horas de trabajo por semana.Conclusiones: La mayoría de los residentes encuestados poseen niveles de ansiedad medio-altos, la única variable asociada con niveles de ansiedadfue la cantdad de horas de trabajo por semana.

Background: Medical residency is a risky period for the development of mental health problems. Although anxiety studies in medical residents areinconclusive; we hypothesize anxiety levels in residents are high, since residency programs are developed in community hospitals that lack material andhuman resources. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of anxiety in medical residents of diferent specialtes using the State Trait-AnxietyInventary (STAI).Methods: An electronic poll with STAI was administered to medical residents of diferent specialtes of a tertary referral hospital.Results: We received 132 questonnaires for analysis. Most of the respondents are men (59%), single (83%), without dependents (79%), belong tosurgical or internal medicine residency (54%), work more than 80 hours per week (85%) and travel less than an hour to get to the hospital (67%). Theaverage level of state anxiety of the residents was 46.94 points, while the average level of trait anxiety was 42.77 points. Thirty fve percent of theresidents have medium anxiety levels and 59% high anxiety levels at the tme they answered the inventory; and 56% have medium anxiety levels and37% have high anxiety levels as a trait. We did not found a statstcal diference in anxiety levels based on gender, marital status, and type of residency,number of dependents or number of hours spent in trafc. The only variable that was associated with anxiety was the amount of work hours per week.Conclusions: Most of the residents have medium-high levels of anxiety; the only variable associated with anxiety levels was the amount of work hoursper week

Treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in central America: a lower-middle income countries experience.

BACKGROUND: Five Asociación de Hemato-Oncología de Centroamérica (AHOPCA) countries have used an adapted BFM-based protocol for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PROCEDURE: In the AHOPCA-ALL 2008 protocol, patients were stratified by age, white blood cell count, immunophenotype, central nervous system involvement, day 8 prednisone response, and morphologic bone marrow response to induction therapy. Patients at Standard Risk (SR) received a three-drug induction regimen, a reinduction phase, and maintenance with protracted intrathecal therapy. Those at Intermediate (IR) and High Risk (HR) received, in addition, daunorubicin during induction therapy, a consolidation phase and two or three reinduction phases respectively. RESULTS: From August 2008 through July 2012, 1,313 patients were enrolled: 353 in SR, 548 in IR, 412 in HR. During induction therapy, 3.0% of patients died, 2.7% abandoned treatment, 1.1% had resistant ALL, and 93.2% achieved morphological complete remission (CR). Deaths and abandonment in first CR occurred in 2.7% and in 7.0% of patients, respectively. The relapse rate at a median observation time of 2.1 years was 15.0%. At 3 years, the event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), with abandonment considered as an event, were 59.4% (SE 1.7) and 68.2% (SE 1.6). Three-year EFS was 68.5% (SE 3.0), 62.1% (SE 2.6), and 47.8% (SE 3.2) for SR, IR, and HR groups. Adolescents had a significantly higher relapse rate (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This experience shows that common international studies are feasible in lower-middle income countries. Toxic deaths, abandonment of treatment, and relapses remain major obstacles to the successful treatment. Alternative treatment strategies may be beneficial.

Sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica para el tratamiento del prolapso apical: resultados y seguimiento a largo plazo / Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse

Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados subjetivos, anatómicos y funcionales a largo plazo de las pacientes sometidas a sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica para manejo de prolapso apical. Métodos: Estudio observacional con pacientes a quienes se les hizo sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica entre febrero de 2006 y diciembre de 2012, en tres centros. El nivel de soporte del piso pélvico se midió mediante la escala de cuantificación del prolapso de órganos pélvicos (POP-Q). Los resultados funcionales se evaluaron mediante un cuestionario de síntomas intestinales, urinarios, sexuales y de molestias físicas. También se estimó la satisfacción global de las pacientes con una escala de uno a diez. Resultados: Se realizó sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica a 68 pacientes, pero el seguimiento fue posible sólo en 24. Ninguna paciente tuvo prolapso apical postoperatorio. El punto C medio del POP-Q fue -6,8 cm. Se observó mejoría importante con respecto a los síntomas subjetivos de prolapso con reducciones significativas en las puntuaciones del cuestionario en el seguimiento postoperatorio. La satisfacción fue en promedio de 9,1. La incontinencia urinaria preoperatoria se resolvió en el 35 por ciento de las que la reportaron, sin necesidad de cirugía de continencia concomitante. No hubo complicaciones a corto plazo. A largo plazo hubo una hernia incisional en el sitio del trocar y una obstrucción intestinal por la malla. Conclusión: La sacrocolpopexia laparoscópica es un tratamiento quirúrgico seguro y eficaz para el prolapso apical post-histerectomía. Proporciona un excelente soporte apical y buen nivel de satisfacción, con una mejoría general de los síntomas de prolapso.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term subjective, anatomical and functional outcomes after laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse. Methods: An observational study of women undergoing laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy between February 2006 and December 2012 was undertaken, at three centers. Pelvic organ support was assessed objectively using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification scale (POP-Q). Functional outcomes were assessed using a questionnaire of bowel, urinary, sexual and physical discomfort symptoms postoperatively. Also was assessed the overall satisfaction of surgery with a scale of one to ten. Results: During the period of the study, sacrocolpopexy was done in 68 patients, but follow-up was possible only in 24. At a mean follow up of 34 months, all 24 women had stage 0 vault support with point C of the POP-Q score averaging -6.8 cm. Subjective improvements in prolapse symptoms were observed with significant reductions in the questionnaire scores. The satisfaction measured with visual scale averaged 9.1. Fifteen women reported stress urinary incontinence before sacrocolpopexy, and it was resolved in 35 percent without concomitant continence surgery. New onset incontinence was reported in two women. There were no intraoperative and perioperative complications. The long term complications were an incisional hernia on the trocar port site and bowel obstruction caused by the mesh that needed intestinal resection. Conclusions: Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy is a safe and effective surgical treatment for post-hysterectomy apical prolapse. It provides excellent apical support and good level of satisfaction, with overall improvement in prolapse symptoms.

Remineralization of artificial enamel lesions by theobromine.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the remineralization potential of theobromine in comparison to a standard NaF dentifrice. METHODS: Three tooth blocks were produced from each of 30 teeth. Caries-like lesion was created on each block using acidified gel. A smaller block was cut from each block for baseline scanning electron microscopy imaging and electron-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis for surface Ca level. A tooth slice was cut from each lesion-bearing block for transverse microradiography (TMR) quantification of baseline mineral loss (Δz) and lesion depth (LD). Then baseline surface microhardness (SMH) of each lesion was measured. The three blocks from each tooth were assigned to three remineralizing agents: (1) artificial saliva; (2) artificial saliva with theobromine (0.0011 mol/l), and (3) NaF toothpaste slurry (0.0789 mol/l F). Remineralization was conducted using a pH cycling model with storage in artificial saliva. After a 28-day cycle, samples were analyzed using EDS, TMR, and SMH. Intragroup comparison of pre- and posttest data was performed using t tests (p < 0.05). Intergroup comparisons were performed by post hoc multistep comparisons (Tukey). RESULTS: SMH indicated significant (p < 0.01) remineralization only with theobromine (38 ± 32%) and toothpaste (29 ± 16%). With TMR (Δz/lD), theobromine and toothpaste exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) higher mineral gain relative to artificial saliva. With SMH and TMR, remineralization produced by theobromine and toothpaste was not significantly different. With EDS, calcium deposition was significant in all groups, but not significantly different among the groups (theobromine 13 ± 8%, toothpaste 10 ± 5%, and artificial saliva 6 ± 8%). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that theobromine in an apatite-forming medium can enhance the remineralization potential of the medium.

Fleas associated with non-flying small mammal communities from northern and central Chile: with new host and locality records.

Fleas associated with small mammals from seven localities from northern and central Chile were assessed. We captured 352 small mammals belonging to 12 species from which we obtained 675 fleas belonging to 15 different species. The most frequently captured flea species were Neotyphloceras crassispina crassispina (n = 198) and N. chilensis (n = 175). High values of flea species richness and diversity were found in Fray Jorge National Park (NP), a north-central Chilean site, whereas the highest values of mean abundance (MA) and prevalence were found in three diverse sites that include Los Molles River, a high altitude site located in north-central Chile, Fray Jorge NP and Dichato, in south-central Chile. On the other hand, high values of flea richness and diversity were found on two rodent species, Abrothrix olivacea and A. longipilis, whereas the highest values of MA and prevalence were found on Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, A. longipilis and Phyllotis xanthopygus. A total of three new host recordings, nine new localities and nine new host species and locality recordings are reported. Also, this study represents the first known record of Tetrapsyllus (Tetrapsyllus) comis in Chile and the first ecological analysis of Neotyphloceras chilensis.

A multicentre, cross-sectional study on quality of life in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: A study at the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) Medical Center demonstrated that quality of life in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is negatively impacted. Whether patients with CLE in other geographic locations have similar quality of life is unknown. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare quality of life indicators between patients with CLE at the University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center at Dallas and those at UPenn. METHODS: Patients with CLE (total n=248) at UTSW (n=91) and UPenn (n=157) completed the Skindex-29 +3 and Short Form-36 (SF-36) surveys related to quality of life. Additional information, including demographics, presence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and disease severity, was collected from UTSW patients with CLE. RESULTS: Most Skindex-29 + 3 and SF-36 subdomain scores between UTSW and UPenn patients with CLE were similar. However, UTSW patients with CLE were significantly more affected in the functioning and lupus-specific Skindex-29 + 3 domains, and physical functioning, role-physical and general health SF-36 subscales than UPenn patients with CLE (P<0·05). Factors related to poor quality of life in UTSW patients with CLE include sex, income, education, presence of SLE, and skin disease activity. CONCLUSIONS: Most quality of life indicators were similar between the two CLE populations. Differences in psychosocial behaviour, and a larger proportion of patients with SLE and females in the UTSW group likely attributed to differences in a minority of Skindex-29+3 and SF-36 subdomains. Capturing data from CLE populations in different locations provides a more thorough picture of the quality of life that patients with CLE experience on a daily basis with special attention to quality of life issues in select patients with CLE.

Effect of fluoridated milk on enamel and root dentin demineralization evaluated by a biofilm caries model.

Although some studies suggest an anticaries effect of fluoridated bovine milk (F-milk) on enamel, evidence is still considered weak. Even more uncertain, the effect of F-milk on root caries remains largely unknown. This study evaluated the effect of F-milk on enamel and on root dentin demineralization using a validated Streptococcus mutans biofilm model, simulating a high cariogenic challenge. S. mutans (UA159) biofilms were formed on bovine enamel and root dentin saliva-coated slabs after measuring initial surface microhardness (SH). Biofilms were exposed to 10% sucrose 8×/day and treated 2×/day with either: (1) 0.9% NaCl (negative control), (2) bovine milk, (3) F-milk (5.0 ppm F as NaF) or (4) NaF 0.05% (anticaries-positive control). Medium pH was monitored twice/day, as a biofilm acidogenicity indicator. After 5 days for enamel and 4 days for dentin, biofilms were recovered to analyze: biomass, soluble proteins, viable microorganisms, and extra- and intracellular polysaccharides. Enamel and dentin demineralization were estimated by percentage of SH loss. Results were compared by ANOVA and Tukey's test. Neither acidogenicity nor biofilm composition differed among treatment groups in biofilms formed on enamel or dentin (p > 0.05). F-milk, however, significantly reduced enamel and dentin demineralization when compared with the negative control (p < 0.05). Also, F-milk was as efficient as 0.05% NaF to reduce enamel (p > 0.05), but not dentin demineralization (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that milk containing 5.0 ppm of fluoride is effective to control enamel caries and that it may be effective on root dentin caries prevention.

La microalbuminuria como factor pronóstico en un grupo de pacientes hipertensos de una entidad de primer nivel de atención de Manizales (Colombia), 2010 / The microalbuminuria as factor prognosis in a group of hypertense patients of an entity of 1º level of attention of Manizales (Colombia), 2010

Objetivos: Determinar el valor de la microalbuminuria en un grupo de pacientes hipertensos. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron pacientes inscritos en el programa de vigilancia y control de la hipertensión arterial de ASSBASALUD ESE (Manizales, Colombia), clasificados como de riesgo bajo y moderado. Se diseñó un estudio transversal para el análisis de los factores de riesgo asociados: dislipidemia, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, infarto agudo de miocardio relacionándolos con los niveles de microalbuminuria encontrados en la investigación. Resultados: El estudio se hizo con 86 pacientes hipertensos (76,7% mujeres). En 16,7% (Ic95%: 9,4-26,45) de ellos los niveles de microalbuninuria se encontraron alterados. Las cifras halladas estuvieron entre 95,1mg/dl, valor máximo, y una cifra mínima de 0,1mg/ dl. El valor promedio fue de 11,77mg/dl. En 34,9% de los pacientes se registraron antecedentes patológicos, en 74,2% el antecedente fue dislipidemia y obesidad en el 32% de los casos. 64% de los pacientes tenían antecedentes familiares patológicos, hipertensión arterial en el 30,9% e infarto del miocardio en el 16,4%. Se encontró relación significativa entre microalbuminuria y el valor de índice de masa corporal (p=0,028). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de microalbuminuria positiva relacionada con dislipidemia fue similar a la obtenida en otros estudios. Se encontró una elevada prevalencia de microalbuminuria alterada en pacientes con dislipidemia. La frecuencia de microalbuminuria anormal encontrada en la población estudiada indica presencia de riesgo cardiovascular.

Objective: To determine the value of microalbuminuria in a group of hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: Patients subscribed to the arterial-hypertension monitor and control program of ASSBASALUD E.S.E. (Manizales, Caldas) where studied. The patients were classified as low and moderate risk. And a cross-sectional study was designed for the analysis of the associated risk factors: dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes Mellitus, acute myocardial infarction relating these factors with the microalbuminuria values found during the investigation. Results: The study was made with 86 hypertensive patients (76.7% women). In 16,7% the levels of microalbuminuria where abnormal. The found values had as maximum 95,1 mg/dl, and minimum 0,1 mg/dl with an average of 13,58 mg/dl. 34.9% of the patients registered pathological antecedents, in 74.2% the antecedent was dislipidemia and in 32% obesity. 64% of the patients had pathological family antecedents, 30% arterial hypertension and 16.4% myocardial infarction. A significant relation was found between the MA and the body mass index (p=0.028). Conclusions: The frequency of microalbuminuria related to dyslipidemia was similar to that obtained in other studies. A high prevalence was found of altered microalbuminuria in patients with dyslipidemia. The frequency of abnormal microalbuminuria found in the studied population indicates the presence of cardiovascular risk factor.