ABSTRACT
Fructose-6-phosphate aldolase (FSA) is an important enzyme for the C-C bond-forming reactions in organic synthesis. The present work is focused on the synthesis of a precursor of D-fagomine catalyzed by a mutant FSA. The biocatalyst has been immobilized onto several supports: magnetic nanoparticle clusters (mNC), cobalt-chelated agarose (Co-IDA), amino-functionalized agarose (MANA-agarose) and glyoxal-agarose, obtaining a 29.0%, 93.8%, 89.7% and 53.9% of retained activity, respectively. Glyoxal-agarose FSA derivative stood up as the best option for the synthesis of the precursor of D-fagomine due to the high reaction rate, conversion, yield and operational stability achieved. FSA immobilized in glyoxal-agarose could be reused up to 6 reaction cycles reaching a 4-fold improvement in biocatalyst yield compared to the non-immobilized enzyme.
Subject(s)
Aldehyde-Lyases/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry , Imino Pyranoses/chemistry , Magnetite Nanoparticles/chemistry , Aldehyde-Lyases/metabolism , Catalysis , Cobalt/chemistry , Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Fructosephosphates/metabolism , Imino Pyranoses/chemical synthesis , Sepharose/chemistryABSTRACT
AIM: To ascertain the impact of routine application of the informed consent form at the primary dental care units of the Galician Health Service. STUDY DESIGN: Non random selection of consecutive patients seeking tooth extraction between 9 January and 7 March 2007 at the dental care units of Burela, Praza do Ferrol and Viveiro (Lugo). The study included sociodemographic, clinical, utilization, behavioural and IC-related variables. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 462 patients, mainly males (n=249; 53.9%) entered the study. The mean age of the participants was 57.87+/-17.54 years. 93.7% of the patients gave their consent for tooth extraction, whereas 47.3% did not want to be informed. The average time employed for obtaining the informed consent was 3.40+/-1.87 minutes, with a median of 4 and the same mode. The referred stress values did not differ before and after reading the informed consent form 3.28+/-2.52 vs 3.41+/-2.45 (p=0.661). CONCLUSION: Routine application of the informed consent form before tooth extraction under local anaesthesia did not impair clinical practice nor is it a barrier to dental care. The use of this form does not require changes beyond the allocation of the time necessary for its completion.
Subject(s)
Informed Consent/statistics & numerical data , Informed Consent/standards , Oral Surgical Procedures , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Dental Clinics , Female , Hospitals, Public , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Records , SpainABSTRACT
Aim: To ascertain the impact of routine application of the informed consent form at the primary dental care units of the Galician Health Service. Study design: Non random selection of consecutive patients seeking tooth extraction between 9 January and 7 March 2007 at the dental care units of Burela, Praza do Ferrol and Viveiro (Lugo). The study included sociodemographic, clinical, utilization, behavioural and IC-related variables. Main results: A total of 462 patients, mainly males (n=249; 53.9%) entered the study. The mean age of the participants was 57.87±17.54 years. 93.7% of the patients gave their consent for tooth extraction, whereas 47.3% did not want to be informed. The average time employed for obtaining the informed consent was 3.40±1.87 minutes, with a median of 4 and thesame mode. The referred stress values did not differ before and after reading the informed consent form 3.28±2.52 vs 3.41±2.45 (p=0.661). Conclusion: Routine application of the informed consent form before tooth extraction under local anaesthesia did not impair clinical practice nor is it a barrier to dental care. The use of this form does not require changes beyond the allocation of the time necessary for its completion
Subject(s)
Humans , Consent Forms , Dental Service, Hospital/organization & administration , Tooth Extraction/standards , Anesthesia, Dental/standardsABSTRACT
AIMS: to determine the prevalence of dental fear amongst primary dental care units (PDCU) patients and to characterize them according to socio-demographic features. STUDY DESIGN: non-probabilistic sampling on new and consecutive patients demanding exodontia at the Burela, Praza do Ferrol and Viveiro (Lugo) PDCUs from 9 january to 7 march and from 18 june to 21 september 2007. The variables considered were "demographic" (age, gender, address and educational level), "treatment-related" (reason for extraction, root extraction), "attitudes" (accompanied yes/no, spontaneous fear comments yes/no) and "stress" determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: A total of 804 patients entered the study. The mean VAS value was 3.54+/-2.63 (range 0 to 10; median 2.95; mode 0). A 96.8% referred some degree of stress, and a 10.1% of the sample scored high values (>7.5 in the scale). These values resulted to be influenced by sex (p=0.000), address (p=0.025) and by the presence of an accompanying person in the room (p=0.008). Logistic regression analysis identifies female gender (OR=3.26; 95%CI: 1.93 , 5.49), urban (OR=2.02 95%CI: 1.04 , 3.91) or rural (OR=2.16; 95%CI: 1.15 , 4.08) address and the absence of an accompanying person in the room (OR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.05 , 2.70) as predictors for a high level of stress. CONCLUSION: A 10.1% of the patients experience a high level of stress before tooth extraction. This phenomenon is more common among unaccompanied women from rural or urban areas.
Subject(s)
Dental Anxiety/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Dental Care , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , PrevalenceSubject(s)
Tooth Extraction/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Dental Caries/surgery , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , SpainABSTRACT
No disponible
Aims: to determine the prevalence of dental fear amongst primary dental care units (PDCU) patients and to characterize them according to socio-demographic features. Study design: non-probabilistic sampling on new and consecutive patients demanding exodontia at the Burela, Praza do Ferrol and Viveiro (Lugo) PDCUs from 9 january to 7 march and from 18 june to 21 september 2007. The variables considered were demographic (age, gender, address and educational level), treatment-related (reason for extraction, root extraction), attitudes (accompanied yes/no, spontaneous fear comments yes/no) and stress determined using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Results: A total of 804 patients entered the study. The mean VAS value was 3.54±2.63 (range 0 to 10; median 2.95; mode 0). A 96.8% referred some degree of stress, and a 10.1% of the sample scored high values (>7.5 in the scale). These values resulted to be influenced by sex(p=0.000), address (p=0.025) and by the presence of an accompanying person in the room (p=0.008). Logistic regression analysis identifies female gender (OR=3.26; 95%CI: 1.93 , 5.49), urban (OR=2.02 95%CI: 1.04 , 3.91) or rural (OR=2.16; 95%CI: 1.15 , 4.08) address and the absence of an accompanying person in the room (OR=1.68; 95%CI: 1.05 , 2.70) as predictors for a high level of stress. Conclusion: A 10.1% of the patients experience a high level of stress before tooth extraction. This phenomenon is more common among unaccompanied women from rural or urban areas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Dental Anxiety/epidemiology , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Tooth Extraction/psychology , Educational Status , Sex Distribution , Age DistributionABSTRACT
No disponible
No disponible
