Clinical characteristics and outcomes among hospitalised COVID-19 patients across epidemic waves in Spain: An unCoVer analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact in population health worldwide, and particularly in people with pre-existing chronic diseases. Early risk identification and stratification is essential to reduce the impact of future outbreaks of pandemic potential. This study aimed to comprehensively examine factors associated with COVID-19 mortality across the pandemic waves in Spain. METHODS: A retrospective study analyzed the characteristics of 13,974 patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to SARS-CoV-2 infection from 2020-01-28 to 2022-12-31. The demographic and clinical features of patients during hospitalization on each pandemic waves were analyzed. MAIN FINDINGS: The findings highlight the heterogeneity of patient characteristics, comorbidities and outcomes, across the waves. The high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases (53.9%) among COVID-19 patients emphasizes the importance of controlling these risk factors to prevent severe COVID-19 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the study associate hospital mortality with factors such as advanced age and comorbidities. The decline in mortality after the 4th wave indicates potential influences like vaccination, viral adaptation, or improved treatments. Notably, dementia and cancer metastases emerge as critical factors linked to higher mortality, highlighting the importance of addressing these conditions in COVID-19 management and preparing for future challenges.

The construction of contemporary nursing identity from narrative accounts of practice and professional life.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the contemporary narrative of nursing identity in Spain. METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Eleven registered nurses were interviewed. The conversations were recorded in audio, were semistructured, and held in a mental health clinic affiliated with a Catholic institution. Narrative analysis of the data was carried out. FINDINGS: Two themes were identified: How do I construct my professional life?, with the subthemes 'Training and initiation in care practice', 'Ways of living the professional care experience', 'The sculpting of care' and 'Self-image and future projection'; and What do I know about my practice?, with the subthemes 'Nursing experience: shift, days, years', 'Strategy in the field of nursing care', 'Some foundations of caregiving practice', 'The specificity of the gesture of care' and 'Voice and recognition of nursing within the institution'. CONCLUSION: Contemporary nursing identity is built in reflections on the epistemology of care, confronting the weight of tradition and breaking into new modes of self-image where the profession is legitimized and projected from historical consciousness. This claim can be used to support reflective practice in academic and healthcare settings as well as to promote a paradigm shift.

Aplicación del método Delphi para la validación de la escala de medición del proceso de afrontamiento y adaptación-CAPS / Application of the delphi method for the validation of the measurement scale of the coping and adaptation process (caps)

IntroduccIón. El estudio de la adaptación y las estrategias de afrontamiento es un área de interés fundamental para la enfermera. La identificación de las respuestas inefectivas en la adaptación y el afrontamiento a la enfermedad le permite planificar estrategias de intervención en cuidados que mejoren la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento social de las personas con enfermedad mental. ObjetIvos. Realizar la validación transcultural al español de España de la es-cala CAPS. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal, con muestreo intencional de expertos para la obtención de datos y la elaboración de la versión final del instrumento (escala de medición del proceso de adaptación y afrontamiento de Callista Roy). Para la comprobación de la validez interna, se realizó la valoración en su totalidad por un grupo de sujetos sanos que determinaron la comprensión. Las dimensiones evaluadas fueron aspectos de contenidos del lenguaje, expresiones y aportaciones de los expertos, así como la claridad, precisión y comprensión por parte de ambos grupos. Resultados. Con este estudio se logró validar la escala de medición del pro-ceso de adaptación y afrontamiento de Callista Roy mediante el método Delphi. Conclusiones. La importancia de tener un instrumento validado que mida la adaptación y el afrontamiento permite reconocer los comportamientos de las personas, especialmente las que padecen un trastorno de salud mental

Introduction. The study of adaptation and coping strategies is an area of fundamental interest for the nurse. The identification of ineffective responses in adaptation and coping with the disease allows her to plan strategies to intervention in care that improve the quality of life and social functioning of people with mental illness. Objectives. To carry out the transcultural validation of the CAPS scale in Spain Spanish. Patients and methods. Analytical, cross-sectional study with intentional sampling of experts to obtain data and the preparation of the final version of the instrument (scale measuring the process of adaptation and coping with Callista Roy). To check the internal validity, we performed the assessment in its entirety by a group of healthy subjects who determined understanding. The dimensions evaluated were aspects of language content, expressions and contributions of the experts, as well as clarity, precision and understanding on the part of both groups. Results. With this study, it was possible to validate the scale of measurement of the process of adaptation and coping of Callista Roy using the Delphi method. Conclusions. The importance of having a validated instrument that measures adaptation and coping allows to recognize the behaviors of people, especially those who suffer a mental health disorder

Factores asociados al sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil en España, según la última encuesta nacional de salud (2011) / Factors associated with overweight and childhood obesity in Spain according to the latest national health survey (2011)

Objective: To describe the factors associated with overweight/obesity in Spain according to the latest National Health Survey (2011). Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study with 3,752 children aged 2 to 15 years (boys=2,007; girls=1,745). Main variables: overweight; obesity; gender; level of education of the head of the family; monthly income; hours of sleep; physical exercise; hours of TV and/or computer use; daily breakfast; parents' weight perception. Diagnostic criterion was based on WHO growth patterns, defined overweight with +1SD and obesity, +2SD. Results: Boys more obese than girls. Children whose parents had a lower level of education, those who did not practice physical activity and whose parents had an income of less than 900€ per month showed a higher percentage of overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Children whose parents had a lower education and monthly income presented a higher percentage of obesity. Sleeping the recommended hours and doing some type of physical activity reduces obesity.

Objetivo: Descrever os fatores associados com sobrepeso/obesidade na Espanha, segundo dados da última Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2011). Método: Estudo descritivo transversal com 3.752 crianças de 2 a 15 anos (meninos=2007; meninas=1.745). Principais variáveis: excesso de peso; obesidade; sexo; nível de escolaridade do chefe da família; renda mensal; horas de sono; exercício; horas de utilização da televisão e/ou computador; desjejum diário; percepção de obesidade dos pais. O diagnóstico baseou-se em padrões de crescimento da OMS, sendo o excesso de peso +1DP e a obesidade +2DP. Resultados: Meninos mais obesos que meninas. Crianças cujos pais tinham menos anos de estudo, aquelas que não praticam atividade física e cujos pais possuíam uma renda menor de 900 € mensal mostraram maior percentual de obesidade. Conclusão: Menor nível de escolaridade e baixa renda contribuem mais para a obesidade. Dormir as horas recomendadas e fazer algum tipo de atividade física reduz a obesidade.

Objetivo: Describir los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en España según datos de la última Encuesta Nacional de Salud (2011). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en población infantil de 2 a 15 años. Participaron 3752 individuos (niños n=2007 y niñas n=1745). Muestreo aleatorio polietápico estratificado. Principales variables: sobrepeso; obesidad; sexo; nivel de estudios del progenitor; ingresos mensuales; horas de sueño; ejercicio físico; horas de uso de televisión y/u ordenador; desayuno diario; percepción ponderal de los progenitores. Los criterios diagnósticos fueron los estándares de OMS, definiéndose sobrepeso con +1SD y obesidad, +2SD. Resultados: Niños más obesos que niñas. Niños/as cuyos progenitores presentaban un nivel de estudios bajo, niños/as que no hicieron ningún ejercicio y cuyos progenitores ganaron menos que 900€ mensuales presentaron un mayor sobrepeso/obesidad. Conclusión: Niños/as con progenitores con bajo nivel de estudios y de ingresos presentaron mayor obesidad. Dormir las horas recomendadas y hacer actividad física disminuye la obesidad.

Valoración del dolor y aplicación de intervenciones terapéuticas enfermeras en el paciente neonatal y pediátrico, en contextos asistenciales hospitalarios / Pain assessment and implementation of nursing therapeutic interventions in neonatal and pediatric patients, in welfare hospital contexts

El dolor es una realidad, una experiencia subjetiva culturalmente construida y sociohistóricamente determinada desde la más tierna infancia. Con respecto a los cuidados proporcionados a niños y adolescentes un reto de vigente actualidad es el alivio del dolor tanto agudo como crónico. Los abordajes para su tratamiento han ido cambiando y mejorando a medida que aumentaban los conocimientos por lo que disponemos de una gran variedad de intervenciones terapéuticas tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas. El objetivo del trabajo es visibilizar cómo se lleva a cabo la valoración del dolor en ciertas técnicas, procedimientos y procesos patológicos, así como los conocimientos que sobre intervenciones terapéuticas enfermeras para el alivio del dolor y su grado de aplicación en contextos asistenciales hospitalarios. En este artículo exclusivamente se muestran los resultados relativos a la valoración del dolor. Pude concluirse que existen algunos procesos patológicos en los que no se apuntaba la pertinencia de valorar el dolor., posiblemente no se trate de una inadecuada valoración del dolor sino por el motivo de ingreso en las unidades estudiadas. Con respecto a técnicas y procedimientos apuntan en el mismo sentido, aunque se cree importante profundizar en las causas que subyacen en aquellos casos en los que no se valora en ningún momento del procedimiento el dolor del paciente pediátrico(AU)

Pain is a reality, a subjective experience culturally built and socio-historically determined from the earliest childhood. With regard to the care provided to children and adolescents, a challenge of a present validity is the pain relief, both acute and chronic. Approaches for treatment have been changing and improving as knowledge increased so we have a wide variety of therapeutic interventions both pharmacological and non-pharmacological. The objective of this study is to demonstrate how to carry out the assessment of pain in certain techniques, procedures and pathological processes and as well as the knowledge on therapeutic interventions nursing for pain relief and its level of application in welfare hospital contexts. In this article exclusively is shown the results related to pain assessment. It may be concluded that there are some pathological processes that were not pointed out the relevance of evaluating the pain, possibly is not a case of an inadequate assessment of pain but the reason for admission in the studied units. With regard to techniques and procedures they pointed in the same direction, although it is believed important to look into the causes underlying those cases where the procedure of the pain of the pediatric patient is not valued at any moment(AU)