ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that superficial high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy by means of Leipzig applicators or moulds with catheters is an adjuvant treatment with impact on local control and low toxicity. BACKGROUND: Keloid scars occur in 5-15 % of cases, secondary to an uncontrolled proliferation of fibroblasts and reduction in the inhibition of growth factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, longitudinal and descriptive study in patients with keloid scars who were treated with superficial HDR brachytherapy in the General Hospital of Mexico between November 2009 and December 2013. RESULTS: Eighty patients were evaluated, and the mean follow-up was 22.18 months (range 8-48). The anatomic site treated was the ear in 72 patients (90.0 %), anterior thorax in 5 patients, retroauricular region in 2, and abdomen region in 1 patient. The application was performed 24 h after surgery; the dose for 79 patients (99 %) was 1500 cGy/3 fractions, and 1 received 500 cGy in 1 fraction. Adequate healing occurred in 76 patients (95 %), and the local failure was 5 % (95 % CI). Acute toxicity occurred in 15 % (12 patients) with grade 1 radioepithelitis. Chronic toxicity occurred in 22 patients (27.5 %) with grade 1 hypopigmentation and 18 patients (22.5 %) with grade 1 fibrosis. The cosmetic result was good in 72 patients (90 %). During follow-up, 2 patients presented recurrence, and 2 patients persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with superficial brachytherapy in keloid scars using a mould with catheters or a Leipzig applicator is a therapeutic option that results in 95 % local control and low toxicity.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia institucional en el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con cáncer de vulva de acuerdo con la clasificación vigente de la Federación Internacional de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FIGO). Materiales y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de carcinoma vulvar operadas con o sin coadyuvancia en el servicio de Oncología del Hospital General de México en un lapso de 34 años. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Epi Info versión 7.2. Resultados: Se incluyeron 151 pacientes: 24 (16%) con lesiones preinvasoras o con mínima invasión, se intervinieron con escisiones locales o vulvectomías simples; 16 (15%) con cánceres invasores en quienes se efectuó cirugía conservadora de la vulva con o sin disección ganglionar unilateral. En 94 (62%) se efectuaron vulvectomías con linfadenectomías: 47 con cirugías en bloque y 47 mediante incisiones separadas. En 11 (%) pacientes se practicaron cirugías ultrarradicales: 6 resecciones abdominoperineales y 5 exenteraciones pélvicas. De 127 pacientes que tuvieron seguimiento, 62 (49%) evolucionaron 30 meses en promedio sin evidencia de enfermedad. Se incluyen 21/23 (91%) lesiones tempranas (VIN 2,3 y I- A); 37/49, (76%) de las invasoras en estadios IB-II; 13/41, (32%) de los estadios III (p = 0.00007) y 3/14 (21%) de los IV-A. Conclusiones: Si bien la tendencia actual se orienta a individualizar el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con cáncer de vulva invasor, en esta serie solo en 15% fueron cirugías conservadoras. La metástasis ganglionar fue el factor pronóstico más desfavorable.
Abstract Objective: The present study is a review of our experience of the surgical options for vulvar cancer using The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) classification. Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of records of patients diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma operated with or without coadyuvance in the Oncology service of the General Hospital of Mexico in a span of 34 years. For the statistical analysis, the Epi Info version 7.2 program was used. Results: Patients were divided into groups, those with pre-invasion or minimal invasion disease were resolved with local excision or simple vulvectomy 24 (16%). Patients with invasive cancer were treated with conservative surgery with or without unilateral lymph node dissection 16 (15%); radical vulvectomy with inguino femoral lymphadenectomy 94 (62%) (47 block surgeries and 47 with separate incision); ultra-radical surgery 11 (7%) (6 abdomino-perineal resections and 5 pelvic exenterations). 127 patients had follow-up and 62 of them had a disease-free survival rate of 30 months (48.8%). The overall survival in pre-invasion or minimal invasion disease were 91.3% (21/23), in stage IB-II 75.5% (37/49), in stage III 31.7% (13/41) (p=0.00007) and in stage IVA 21.4% ( 3/14 ). Conclusions: Although a more individualized and less radical treatment is suggested, in this series only 14.5% of patients, could be resolved with conservative surgery. In addition, the lymph node status was the most important prognostic factor for survival.
