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1.
PLoS One ; 14(8): e0221231, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31469856

ABSTRACT

Treatment guidelines differ in their recommendation to determine baseline resistance associated substitutions (RAS) before starting a first-line treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Here we analyze the efficacy of DAA treatment with baseline RAS information. We conducted a prospective study involving 23 centers collaborating in the GEHEP-004 DAA resistance cohort. Baseline NS5A and NS3 RASs were studied by Sanger sequencing. After issuing a comprehensive resistance report, the treating physician decided the therapy, duration and ribavirin use. Sustained virological response (SVR12) data are available in 275 patients. Baseline NS5A RAS prevalence was between 4.3% and 26.8% according to genotype, and NS3 RASs prevalence (GT1a) was 6.3%. Overall, SVR12 was 97.8%. Amongst HCV-GT1a patients, 75.0% had >800,000 IU/ml and most of those that started grazoprevir/elbasvir were treated for 12 weeks. In genotype 3, NS5A Y93H was detected in 9 patients. 42.8% of the HCV-GT3 patients that started sofosbuvir/velpatasvir included ribavirin, although only 14.7% carried Y93H. The efficacy of baseline resistance-guided treatment in our cohort has been high across the most prevalent HCV genotypes in Spain. The duration of the grazoprevir/elbasvir treatment adhered mostly to AASLD/IDSA recommendations. In cirrhotic patients infected with GT-3 there has been a high use of ribavirin.


Subject(s)
Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Amides , Antiviral Agents/adverse effects , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Benzofurans/therapeutic use , Carbamates , Cyclopropanes , Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics , Female , Genotype , Hepacivirus/pathogenicity , Hepatitis C, Chronic/epidemiology , Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Humans , Imidazoles/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Mutation , Quinoxalines/therapeutic use , Ribavirin/therapeutic use , Sofosbuvir/therapeutic use , Spain/epidemiology , Sulfonamides , Sustained Virologic Response
2.
FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol ; 59(3): 386-98, 2010 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20482623

ABSTRACT

Abstract The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, first isolated from healthy human gut microbiota, has been reported to adhere very well to components of the intestinal mucosa, thereby enabling transient colonization of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In a search for the genes responsible for the good adherence capacity of this strain, a genomic region encoding a protein with homology to putative adhesion proteins (LGG_01865) and its putative regulator (LGG_01866) was identified. The sequence of the L. rhamnosus GG LGG_01865 encodes a polypeptide of 2419 amino acid residues containing 26 repetitive DUF1542 domains and a C-terminal LPxTG cell wall-anchoring motif. Phenotypic analyses of a dedicated LGG_01865 knockout mutant revealed a reduced biofilm formation capacity on abiotic surfaces and decreased adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and tissues of the murine GIT. This suggests a modulating role for LGG_01865 in L. rhamnosus GG-host interactions. Therefore, we propose a new name for LGG_01865, i.e. MabA, modulator of adhesion and biofilm. Expression analysis indicated that LGG_01866 plays a conditional role in the regulation of LGG_01865 expression, i.e. when cells are grown under conditions of sugar starvation.


Subject(s)
Adhesins, Bacterial/metabolism , Bacterial Adhesion , Biofilms/growth & development , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/physiology , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics , Animals , Caco-2 Cells , Environmental Microbiology , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Gene Deletion , Humans , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genetics , Mice , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Transcription Factors/genetics
4.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 276(2): 140-8, 2007 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17888009

ABSTRACT

Despite the increasing number of scientific reports describing adhesion of Lactobacillus to components of the human intestinal mucosa, information on the surface molecules mediating this adhesion and their corresponding receptors is fragmentary. This MiniReview compiles present knowledge of the genetically and functionally characterized Lactobacillus factors responsible for mediating adhesion to different components of the human gastrointestinal tract. In addition, for the proteins among these factors, the domain structure is discussed, and where appropriate the results of in silico analyses are reported.


Subject(s)
Adhesins, Bacterial/biosynthesis , Bacterial Adhesion/physiology , Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology , Lactobacillus/physiology , Adhesins, Bacterial/chemistry , Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology
5.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 73(21): 6768-75, 2007 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17827316

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) is one of the clinically best-studied probiotic organisms. Moreover, L. rhamnosus GG displays very good in vitro adherence to epithelial cells and mucus. Here, we report that L. rhamnosus GG is able to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces, in contrast to other strains of the Lactobacillus casei group tested under the same conditions. Microtiter plate biofilm assays indicated that in vitro biofilm formation by L. rhamnosus GG is strongly modulated by culture medium factors and conditions related to the gastrointestinal environment, including low pH; high osmolarity; and the presence of bile, mucins, and nondigestible polysaccharides. Additionally, phenotypic analysis of mutants affected in exopolysaccharides (wzb), lipoteichoic acid (dltD), and central metabolism (luxS) showed their relative importance in biofilm formation by L. rhamnosus GG.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Adhesion/physiology , Biofilms/growth & development , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Carbon-Sulfur Lyases/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Genes, Bacterial , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/physiology , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism , Probiotics , Teichoic Acids/metabolism
6.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 73(11): 3595-604, 2007 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17434999

ABSTRACT

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a macroamphiphile molecule which performs several functions in gram-positive bacteria, such as maintenance of cell wall homeostasis. D-alanylation of LTA requires the proteins encoded by the dlt operon, and this process is directly related to the charge properties of this polymer strongly contributing to its function. The insertional inactivation of dltD of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) resulted in the complete absence of D-alanyl esters in the LTA as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This was reflected in modifications of the bacterial cell surface properties. The dltD strain showed 2.4-fold-increased cell length, a low survival capacity in response to gastric juice challenge, an increased sensitivity to human beta-defensin-2, an increased rate of autolysis, an increased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of an anionic detergent, and a decreased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of cationic peptides compared to wild-type results. However, in vitro experiments revealed no major differences for adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. These properties are considered to be important for probiotics. The role of the dlt operon in lactobacilli is discussed in view of these results.


Subject(s)
Alanine/metabolism , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/metabolism , Probiotics/metabolism , Teichoic Acids/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Adhesion/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacteriolysis/genetics , Biofilms/growth & development , Cell Line , Cell Wall/chemistry , Cell Wall/metabolism , Cytokines/immunology , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Epithelial Cells/immunology , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Gastric Juice/microbiology , Gene Deletion , Humans , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/drug effects , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genetics , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/immunology , Lipopolysaccharides/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Microbial Viability/genetics , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Molecular Sequence Data , Mutagenesis, Insertional , Nisin/pharmacology , Polymyxin B/pharmacology , Probiotics/chemistry , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Teichoic Acids/chemistry , Thiolester Hydrolases/genetics , beta-Defensins/immunology
7.
Appl Environ Microbiol ; 72(7): 4923-30, 2006 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16820489

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is of general interest as a probiotic. Although L. rhamnosus GG is often used in clinical trials, there are few genetic tools to further determine its mode of action or to develop it as a vehicle for heterologous gene expression in therapy. Therefore, we developed a reproducible, efficient electroporation procedure for L. rhamnosus GG. The best transformation efficiency obtained was 10(4) transformants per microg of DNA. We validated this protocol by tagging L. rhamnosus GG with green fluorescent protein (GFP) using the nisin-controlled expression (NICE) system. Parameters for overexpression were optimized, which allowed expression of gfp in L. rhamnosus GG upon induction with nisin. The GFP+ strain can be used to monitor the survival and behavior of L. rhamnosus GG in vivo. Moreover, implementation of the NICE system as a gene expression switch in L. rhamnosus GG opens up possibilities for improving and expanding the performance of this strain. The GFP-labeled strain was used to demonstrate that L. rhamnosus GG is sensitive to human beta-defensin-2 but not to human beta-defensin-1.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Flow Cytometry/methods , Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/drug effects , Nisin/pharmacology , beta-Defensins/pharmacology , Electroporation , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Humans , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/genetics , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolism , Transformation, Bacterial
8.
Rev. colomb. cienc. pecu ; 15(1): 13-25, abr. 2002. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474003

ABSTRACT

Con el objeto de describir los cambios en el metabolismo energético desde un mes antes del parto hasta dos meses postparto, se seleccionaron 60 vacas de 12 rebaños lecheros distribuidos en dos pisos térmicos característicos de la zona de Manizales, Colombia (5º 4’ LN y 75º 3’ LO). A cada vaca se le tomó, mediante venopunción coccígea, entre 5 y 10 ml de sangre con y sin anticoagulante cada dos semanas desde la cuarta semana preparto hasta la octava semana de lactancia. Se determinó la concentración de glucosa, fructosamina, colesterol total y fracciones HDL, LDL, triacilgliceroles, butiratos, ácidos grasos libres (AGL), y la producción de leche y condición corporal (CC). Los datosfueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva, prueba de “t” y análisis de la varianza, asimismo se obtuvieron correlaciones entre las diferentes variables. Se fijó como nivel de significancia p<0.05. Laproducción promedio de leche fue 14,6±2,6 y 23,7±5,0 kg/vaca/día para las vacas ubicadas en zona baja y alta, respectivamente (p<0.05). La CC fue 3,5±0,4 para el preparto y 3,0±0,3 para el postparto (p<0.05). La concentración de glucosa fue 3,8±1,0 y 3,7±1,0 mmol/L para los períodos preparto y postparto, respectivamente (p>0.05). La concentración de colesterol fue 2,8±0,6 y 3.5±1,1 mmol/L (p<0.05), y la concentración de ß-hidroxibutiratos fue 1,0±1,0 y 1,3±1,2 mmol/L (p>0.05), para los períodos preparto y postparto, en forma respectiva. Las fracciones HDL y LDL presentaron una menor participación en la composición total del colesterol en el postparto, mientras que la fracción VLDL, representada como triacilgliceroles, aumentó para el mismo período. Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la producción de leche y la concentración de glucosa (r=0,14; p<0.05) y colesterol(r=0,31; p<0.05), así como entre la concentración de glucosa y colesterol (r=0,12; p<0.05) sanguíneos. La concentración de ß-hidroxibutiratos se correlacionó con la concentración de AGL (r=0,32; p<0.05)...


Subject(s)
Cattle , Cattle , Energy Metabolism
9.
Quito; s.n; 2001. 70 p. tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-438845

ABSTRACT

El Subcentro que funciona en Carcelén se encuentra situado al norte de Quito en la Parroquia Cotocollao, sus límites al Norte el barrio San José de Morán (Carapungo, al sur el barrio la Josefina, al Nororiente urbanización Mastodontes, al noroccidente la quebrada Pusuquí. Es un solo barrio no tiene sectores que lo conforman.Como unidad de salud nos llamó la atención que las enfermedades eruptivas de la infancia se presentan en un porcentaje elevado durante todo el año, sobre todo la rubeóla que sólo en el año en curso hemos tenido 7 casos confirmados lo que nos da aproximadamente a uno por mes. El resto de enfermedades eruptivas como son, sarampión no se ha tenido casos confirmados, pero si casos sospechosos, la roseola se presenta con frecuencia parecida a la rubéola pero a veces es difícil de determinar el diagnóstico, la varicela es muiy frecuente y es una de las enfermedades eruptivas más difíciles de diagnosticar


Subject(s)
Rubella/epidemiology , Measles/epidemiology , Chickenpox/epidemiology
10.
Bogota, D.C; s.n; 1994. 139 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-190197

ABSTRACT

El tratamiento de las complicaciones post-operatorias en pacientes hemofílicos ha representado un verdadero reto para el grupo interdisciplinario que los maneja. El Hospital Regional Simón Bolívar es la Institución que maneja a nivel nacional la mayor cantidad de pacientes con alteraciones de la coagulación. Las complicaciones post-operatorias presentadas en pacientes hemofílicos tratados en odontología, se estudiaron según el tipo de hemofilia, las enfermedades de transmisión sanguínea, el tratamiento pre-quirúrgico, el tipo de anestesia, el procedimiento odontológico, las medidas de hemostasial local, y la medicación farmacológica post-tratamiento en una población de 83 pacientes, de sexo masculino que consultaron al servicio de hematología, y odontología del hospital regional Simón Bolivar, en el período comprendido entre 1987-1994. Se observó mayor frecuencia de complicaciones en pacientes que recibieron procedimientos de cirugía oral, independiente del tipo de hemofilia. La complicación que más se presentó en este grupo de pacientes fué el sangrado aunque también presentaron hematomas, petequias, infección e inflamación, pero su presencia no fué significativa. Con este estudio se pretende conocer las principales complicaciones que ocurren en estos pacientes después de un tratamiento odontológico, y las razones por las cuales se estan presentando; por consiguiente se propone investigar más a fondo, la presencia de inhibidores, las terapias de remplazo de uso actual, la utilización y efectos de medidas hemostáticas locales en pacientes hemofílicos


Subject(s)
Hemophilia A , Postoperative Complications
11.
Invest. educ. enferm ; 10(1): 153-162, mar. 1992.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-458244

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo considera el juego como una labor más del profesional de salud y como un elemento curativo en tanto es una actividad distensionante que le permite al niño enfermo expresar sus fantasías y sus temores además de hacerle más agradable su estadía en el centro hospitalario.


Subject(s)
Play and Playthings , Child Welfare , Child, Hospitalized
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