ABSTRACT
Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional implica un desafío para los países respecto a prevenir y detectar trastornos neurodegenerativos. El Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), test de cribado breve, de simple aplicación, válido y confiable, evalúa el estado cognitivo general, siendo útil en contextos de salud pública. El estudio busca normalizar y estandarizar el test MoCA para población chilena. Método: Se presenta estudio de validación para prueba diagnóstica de tipo descriptivo y correlacional, se evaluó a 526 sujetos, hombres y mujeres, de entre 18 y 90 años, sanos, del norte, centro y sur de Chile, analizando: el efecto de la edad, nivel educativo y sexo, para rendimiento de MoCA. Resultados: Se demuestra un efecto significativo de la edad y el nivel educativo sobre el rendimiento cognitivo general según MoCA. La edad, educación y sexo explican 1-7% de la varianza. El rendimiento cognitivo medio del total de la muestra fue de 24,04 ± 3,22, para un rango definido originalmente por el instrumento de 26 puntos sobre 30. Los adultos mayores con menor educación formal presentaron bajos resultados y menor rendimiento cognitivo. Se propone protocolo de evaluación de resultados en percentiles y puntuaciones por rango de edad y puntuación escalar normalizada individual. Discusión: Se presentan datos normativos de MoCA según las características sociodemográficas chilenas y puntos de corte propuestos para discriminar el rendimiento cognitivo normal de trastornos neurocognitivos según rangos de edad, ajustando los resultados al nivel educacional, la propuesta permitiría facilitar el uso del instrumento y disminuir la aparición de falsos positivos.(AU)
Introduction: Population ageing poses a challenge for countries in preventing and detecting neurodegenerative disorders. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a short, simple, valid, and reliable screening test, assesses general cognitive status, and is useful in public health contexts. This study aims to normalise and standardise the MoCA test for the Chilean population. Method: We performed a descriptive, correlational validation study of the MoCA test, using a sample including 526 healthy individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 90 years, from the north, centre, and south of Chile. We analysed the effects of age, education level, and sex on MoCA performance. Results: Age and education level had a significant impact on general cognitive performance, as determined by MoCA score. Age, education, and sex account for 1-7% of variance. The mean (standard deviation) score for the total sample was 24.04 (3.22), whereas the normal range originally defined for the instrument is 26-30 points. Older adults with less formal education presented poorer results and lower cognitive performance. We propose a protocol for evaluating results by percentiles and scores for different age ranges, and an individual normalised scalar score. Discussion: We present normative data for the MoCA test in the Chilean population, and propose cut-off points for different age ranges to discriminate normal cognitive performance from neurocognitive disorders; results are adjusted for education level. This proposal would assist in the use of the test and reduce the rate of false positives.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Mass Screening , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Educational Status , Neurodegenerative Diseases , Chile , Neuropsychological TestsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Population ageing poses a challenge for countries in preventing and detecting neurodegenerative disorders. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a short, simple, valid, and reliable screening test, assesses general cognitive status, and is useful in public health contexts. This study aims to normalise and standardise the MoCA test for the Chilean population. METHOD: We performed a descriptive, correlational validation study of the MoCA test, using a sample including 526 healthy individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 90 years, from the north, centre, and south of Chile. We analysed the effects of age, education level, and sex on MoCA performance. RESULTS: Age and education level had a significant impact on general cognitive performance, as determined by MoCA score. Age, education, and sex account for 1%-7% of variance. The mean (standard deviation) score for the total sample was 24.04 (3.22), whereas the normal range originally defined for the instrument is 26-30 points. Older adults with less formal education presented poorer results and lower cognitive performance. We propose a protocol for evaluating results by percentiles and scores for different age ranges, and an individual normalised scalar score. DISCUSSION: We present normative data for the MoCA test in the Chilean population, and propose cut-off points for different age ranges to discriminate normal cognitive performance from neurocognitive disorders; results are adjusted for education level. This proposal would assist in the use of the test and reduce the rate of false positives.
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chile , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis , Cognition , AgingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Population ageing poses a challenge for countries in preventing and detecting neurodegenerative disorders. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a short, simple, valid, and reliable screening test, assesses general cognitive status, and is useful in public health contexts. This study aims to normalise and standardise the MoCA test for the Chilean population. METHOD: We performed a descriptive, correlational validation study of the MoCA test, using a sample including 526 healthy individuals of both sexes, aged between 18 and 90 years, from the north, centre, and south of Chile. We analysed the effects of age, education level, and sex on MoCA performance. RESULTS: Age and education level had a significant impact on general cognitive performance, as determined by MoCA score. Age, education, and sex account for 1-7% of variance. The mean (standard deviation) score for the total sample was 24.04 (3.22), whereas the normal range originally defined for the instrument is 26-30 points. Older adults with less formal education presented poorer results and lower cognitive performance. We propose a protocol for evaluating results by percentiles and scores for different age ranges, and an individual normalised scalar score. DISCUSSION: We present normative data for the MoCA test in the Chilean population, and propose cut-off points for different age ranges to discriminate normal cognitive performance from neurocognitive disorders; results are adjusted for education level. This proposal would assist in the use of the test and reduce the rate of false positives.
ABSTRACT
Lymphangiomas are a common form of vascular malformation of the lymphatic vessels, mainly in the head and neck region. Most cases are progressive evolution and require a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, the first therapeutic option is sclerotherapy, leaving surgery for the treatment of remaining lesions. Objective: To present a case of facial lymphatic malformation (LM) treated with sclerotherapy, surgery and orthodontics in a 15-year follow up. Case report: A one-year-old female patient who consulted health professionals due to a progressive volume increase of the soft parts of her right cheek. The imaging study confirmed the diagnosis of microcystic lymphatic malformation. It was managed with OK-432 sclerotherapy and Bleomycin. At 2 years of age, the patient response was considered adequate; an intralesional submandibular surgical excision was then performed, with partial resection of the lesion. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of microcystic LM. Six months after, a re-resection was planned using the same approach and removing the remaining lesion, with favorable development until the age of 9 years when the patient required surgery and orthodontic management due to intraoral recurrence. No major developments until the age of 13 when a new orthodontic surgery and handling are planned to perform right oral commissure suspension. Conclusion: LM management by sclerotherapy, surgery, and orthodontics has shown the advantages of a multidisciplinary long-term treatment in this case.
El linfangioma corresponde a una malformación vascular de los vasos linfáticos, preferentemente de la región de cabeza y cuello. La mayoría de los casos son de evolución progresiva y requieren un manejo multidisciplinario. Actualmente la primera opción terapéutica es la esclerosis, reservando la cirugía para el tratamiento de las lesiones remanentes. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de malformación linfática (ML) facial, tratado con escleroterapia, cirugía y ortodoncia en un seguimiento a 15 años. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino que consulta al año de edad por aumento de volumen progresivo de partes blandas en su mejilla derecha. El estudio de imágenes confirmó el diagnóstico de Malformación Linfática microquística. Se manejó con esclerosis seriada con OK-432 y Bleomicina. A los 2 años de edad se consideró que la respuesta era adecuada, y se procedió a realizar extirpación quirúrgica intralesional submandibular, con resección parcial de la lesión. La biopsia confirmó el diagnóstico de ML microquística. Seis meses después se planificó nueva resección utilizando el mismo abordaje y extirpando lesión remanente, con evolución favorable hasta la edad de 9 años en que requiere cirugía y manejo por ortodoncia, por recidiva de lesión a nivel intraoral. Evolución favorable hasta que a la edad de 13 años se planifica nueva cirugía y manejo por ortodoncia para suspender la comisura bucal derecha. Conclusión: El manejo de la ML mediante escleroterapia, cirugía, y ortodoncia muestra en este caso las ventajas de un tratamiento multidisciplinarion a largo plazo.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Facial Neoplasms/therapy , Lymphangioma/therapy , Lymphatic Abnormalities/therapy , Sclerotherapy/methods , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Follow-Up Studies , Facial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Facial Neoplasms/pathology , Lymphangioma/diagnosis , Lymphangioma/pathology , Lymphatic Abnormalities/diagnosis , Lymphatic Abnormalities/pathology , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Picibanil/administration & dosageABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Lymphangiomas are a common form of vascular malformation of the lymphatic vessels, mainly in the head and neck region. Most cases are progressive evolution and require a multidisciplinary approach. Currently, the first therapeutic option is sclerotherapy, leaving surgery for the treatment of remaining lesions. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of facial lymphatic malformation (LM) treated with sclerotherapy, surgery and orthodontics in a 15-year follow up. CASE REPORT: A one-year-old female patient who consulted health professionals due to a progressive volume increase of the soft parts of her right cheek. The imaging study confirmed the diagnosis of microcystic lymphatic malformation. It was managed with OK-432 sclerotherapy and Bleomycin. At 2 years of age, the patient response was considered adequate; an intralesional submandibular surgical excision was then performed, with partial resection of the lesion. The biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of microcystic LM. Six months after, a re-resection was planned using the same approach and removing the remaining lesion, with favorable development until the age of 9 years when the patient required surgery and orthodontic management due to intraoral recurrence. No major developments until the age of 13 when a new orthodontic surgery and handling are planned to perform right oral commissure suspension. CONCLUSION: LM management by sclerotherapy, surgery, and orthodontics has shown the advantages of a multidisciplinary long-term treatment in this case.
Subject(s)
Facial Neoplasms/therapy , Lymphangioma/therapy , Lymphatic Abnormalities/therapy , Sclerotherapy/methods , Adolescent , Bleomycin/administration & dosage , Child , Child, Preschool , Facial Neoplasms/diagnosis , Facial Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Lymphangioma/diagnosis , Lymphangioma/pathology , Lymphatic Abnormalities/diagnosis , Lymphatic Abnormalities/pathology , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Picibanil/administration & dosageABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacy Service, Hospital/trends , Chemistry, Pharmaceutical/education , Peru , Social Control, FormalABSTRACT
Objetivo: Conocer el rendimiento de una prueba de deglución secuencial de dos líquidos de diferentes viscosidad (agua y yoghurt) en 26 sujetos jovenes, implementada, supervisada y controlada por un grupo de alumnos del cuarto semestre de la carrera de Licenciatura en Kinesiología que debían "Vivir el Movimiento", como requisito formal del ramo Kinesiología II. Diseño: Descriptivo y aleatorio. Método: 1) Clase expositiva del mecanismo de deglución por el profesor; 2) 6 alumnos diseñaron un protocolo de investigación para conocer la deglución. 3) 13 hombres y 13 mujeres de 22 ± 2 y 22 ± 1 años, peso de 57 ± 6 y 72 ± 12 kilogramos, talla de 1,62 ± 0,1 y 1,76 ± 0.1 metros con índice de masa corporal de 21,8 ± 2 y 23,0 ± 3 respectivamente, fueron informados de la prueba e instruidos a beber durante 15 segundos, sin despegar la boca del vaso. Los alumnos contrataron el número de degluciones, respiraciones y el volumen deglutido durante la prueba. 4) Después de dos semanas entregaron un informe que incluyó los registros de todos los aspectos formales solicitados y una apreciación grupal de la experiencia. Resultados: Los alumnos fueron capaces de diseñar y ejecutar un proyecto de investigación relacionado con el tema de la clase. Hubo un mayor volumen de líquido deglutido (258,9 ± 85 ml. p<0.05), mayor número de degluciones (12,5 ± 2,6 veces p<0,05) y una mayor relación volumen/deglución (21,3 ± 7,8ml. p<0,05) cuando la prueba fue realizada por hombres y con agua. Las mujeres presentaron una alta correlación entre peso corporal y las variables volumen total y relación volumen/deglución (rs = 0,8). Por último la valoración de la experiencia realizada demostró que los alumnos fueron capaces de cumplir con este requisito y a la vez un reconocimiento del proceso de aprendizaje no obtenido previamente. Conclusión: Es posible desarrollar con alumnos de cuarto semestre y con una mínima implementación tecnológica una experiencia académica formal, usando la metodología científica para indagar el comportamiento de la deglución, asociando la viscosidad de los líquidos y variables antropométricas al rendimiento de la prueba.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Deglutition/physiology , Health Occupations/education , FacultyABSTRACT
Three birth weight standards were applied to 1986 live births and neonatal deaths in Santiago, Chile, in order to ascertain how useful the 10th, 25th, 75th, and 90th percentile birth weights determined by these standards would be for selecting infants at high risk of neonatal death. This article reports the results of that study.
Subject(s)
Birth Weight , Embryonic and Fetal Development , Infant Mortality , Infant, Small for Gestational Age , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Fetal Macrosomia , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Humans , Male , Knee Joint/physiology , Compressive Strength , Isometric Contraction , LocomotionABSTRACT
The nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes contain kinases capable of phosphorylating endogenous and exogenous proteins using either ATP or GTP as phosphoryl donors. These enzymes are much more active with casein and phosvitin as substrates than with histones or protamines. The protein phosphorylating activity of oocyte nuclear extracts is not regulated by cyclic nucleotides, phorbol esters, calmodulin and calcium, or phospholipids. However, the casein phosphorylating activity can be greatly enhanced by the polyamines spermine or spermidine and drastically inhibited by heparin. Fractionation of the nuclear casein kinase activities by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and glycerol gradient centrifugation indicate that the nuclei contain enzymes with the properties of casein kinases I and II as characterized in other species. Oocyte casein kinase I (Mr 37,000) is specific for ATP as phosphoryl donor, is only slightly inhibited by 10 micrograms/ml heparin, and is not significantly stimulated by polyamines. Casein kinase II (Mr 135,000) can use both ATP and GTP as substrates, and is very sensitive to heparin inhibition and polyamine stimulation. The fact that low concentrations of heparin (10 micrograms/ml) can inhibit a large percentage of the endogenous phosphorylation of nuclear extracts or of whole nuclei indicates that casein kinase II is probably the major protein phosphorylating activity of these oocyte organelles.
