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1.
Pharm. care Esp ; 20(4): 247-268, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-176662

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los pacientes rechazan la dispensación de e-recetas disponibles sin que se pueda comprobar si ello implica incumplimiento terapéutico. La no adherencia limita la efectividad de los tratamientos farmacológicos. Objetivos: Evaluar en una farmacia comunitaria la prevalencia del rechazo de prescripciones disponibles en receta electrónica, los motivos de no retirada, la percepción de los pacientes sobre su tratamiento y la posible relación de estos factores con la falta de adherencia terapéutica. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en noviembre-diciembre de 2017. Se cuantificó la disponibilidad, retirada y no retirada de e-recetas y los motivos referidos. A una muestra de pacientes se realizó el test de Morisky-Green-Levine para evaluar el cumplimiento. Resultados: De 1341 e-recetas disponibles, el 29,6% no fue retirado, siendo el incumplimiento o su sospecha y la posología variable los motivos más frecuentes. Los pensionistas rechazan significativamente más que los activos. En la segunda fase resultó un incumplimiento del 48,5%. No se encontró relación entre no retirada e incumplimiento, aunque el 58,3% de incumplidores no había retirado todas las e-recetas disponibles. Sin relación con sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, condición laboral y número de e-recetas. El 20,2% tiene percepción negativa de su medicación con relación significativa con el incumplimiento. Conclusiones: Pese a no haberse encontrado relación significativa entre incumplimiento y no retirada de todas las e-recetas, este hecho puede utilizarse como indicador de dificultades en la utilización de los medicamentos para ofrecer al paciente acciones de educación para la salud y seguimiento farmacoterapéutico que mejoren el cumplimiento


Background: Patients reject the dispensing of available electronic prescriptions without being able to verify if this implies therapeutic non-compliante. Non-adherence to treatments is a major social problem, which limits effectiveness of them. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of non-dispensation of electronic prescriptions and its possible implications on pharmacotherapeutic non-compliance. Methods: A transversal and observational study conducted during November-December of 2017. Availability, aceptance and rejection of electronic prescriptions were quantified and the reasons of rejections were noted. Morisky-Green-Levine test was applied to a sample of patients in order to determine compliance. Results: Out of 1341 e-prescriptions available, 29.6% were rejections. The most frequent reason was the non-compliance or its suspicion and a variable posology. Pensioners reject significantly more than the actives ones. Genitourinary, musculoskeletal and respiratory are the groups with the highest percentage of rejections. In the second phase, a 48.5% non-compliance resulted. No relationship was found between rejection and non-compliance, although 58.3% of non-compliers had not acepted all available electronic prescriptions. No relation either to sex, age, educational level, employment status and number of electronic prescriptions available. 20.2% have a negative perception of their medication with significant relation to the non-compliance. Conclusions: Despite not having found a significant relationship between non-compliance and rejection of all electronic prescriptions, this fact could be used as an indicator of difficulties in the use of medicines. This would help pharmacist to apply health education actions and to develop pharmacotherapeutic follow-up programs that could improve compliance


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Medication Adherence , Treatment Refusal , Pharmacies/organization & administration , Electronic Prescribing/statistics & numerical data , Observational Study , Cross-Sectional Studies , Good Dispensing Practices , Confidence Intervals , Surveys and Questionnaires , Electronic Prescribing/standards , Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted
2.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 23(1): 0-0, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-165147

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: El objetivo es conocer el estilo de vida de una muestra de adolescentes respecto a su alimentación y realización de actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, multicéntrico, realizado en una 630 alumnos (44,8% niñas y 53,2% niños) de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de Cangas (Pontevedra). Se tuvieron en cuenta variables: 1) Sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus; 2) Alimentación: adh erencia a la dieta mediterránea: Cuestionario KIDMED; y 3) Actividad física: Cuestionario PAQ -A. Resultados: Edad media=13,8±1,4. Puntuación KIDMED fue de 4,99±2,18, observándose como disminuye con la edad (r=-0,1761; p<0,001), y en el que el 66,35% present ó una adherencia media (mayor en mujeres), el 21,9% baja y el 11,75% alta. La valoración PAQ -A fue de 2,63±0,67, siendo mayor en niños (2,76±0,66 vs 2,50±0,66; p<0,001), disminuyendo también con la edad (r=-0,1340; p<0,001) y en el que el 79,05% tuvo una a ctividad física moderada, siendo ésta mayor en hombres (p<0,001). Se vio una relación lineal entre la puntuación KIDMED y PAQ -A (r=0,2436; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Casi dos de cada diez alumnos tienen antecedentes familiares de HTA, y poco más del 5% con antecedentes de diabetes en familiares de primer grado. Los hábitos alimentarios, son mejores entre las chicas y empeoran con la edad. Además se vio una moderada ad hesión a la dieta mediterránea y también una moderada actividad física, siendo mayor entre los chicos y a menor edad (AU)


Background: The objective is to know the lifestyle of a sample of adolescents about their diet and physical activity. ethods: Cross-sectional, observational and multicentre study of 630 students of ESO (44.8% of girls and 53.2% of children) in Cangas, Pontevedra. Variables that were taken into account: 1) Sociodemographic: age, sex, personal and family history of hyperte nsion and diabetes mellitus; 2) Food: adherence to the Mediterranean diet: KIDMED questionnaire; and 3) Physical activity: PAQ-A Questionnaire. Results: Mean age=13.8 ± 1.4. The KIDMED score was 4.99±2.18, being observed as decreasing with age (r=-0.1761, p<0.001), and in which 66.35% had an average adherence (greater in women), 21.9% low and 11.75% high adherence. The PAQ-A score was 2.63 ± 0.67, being higher in children (2.76 ± 0.66 vs 2.50±0.66, p<0.001), also decreasing with age (r=-0.1340, p<0.001),and in which 79.05% had moderate physical activity, which was greater in men (p<0.001). A linear relationship was found between the KIDMED score and PAQ -A (r=0.2436, p<0.001). Conclusions: Almost two out of ten students have a family history of hypertension, and little more than 5% have a history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. Food: though eating habits in many studies reviewed, they are better mong girls but worsen with age. Eating habits are better among girls and worsen with age. There was also a moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and also a moderate physical activity, being greater among boys and younger (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adolescent , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Motor Activity/physiology , Life Style , Diet, Mediterranean , Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Body Mass Index , School Feeding , School Health Services , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies/methods , Anthropometry/instrumentation , Anthropometry/methods
3.
Endocrinol. nutr. (Ed. impr.) ; 63(10): 511-518, dic. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-158161

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes y objetivo: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) en niños y adolescentes y las estrategias de prevención cardiovascular están poco estudiadas en ese grupo de edad. El objetivo del estudio es conocer los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) en una muestra de adolescentes. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal de una muestra de adolescentes de 12 a 17años (n=630), realizado entre octubre de 2014 y febrero de 2015 en 4 centros escolares de Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Variables sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de HTA y diabetes (DM). Variables antropométricas: índice de masa corporal (IMC) (kg/m2), perímetro de cintura (cm), índice cintura/talla (ICT); presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) (mmHg). Resultados: Se seleccionaron 295 mujeres y 335 hombres. Edad media: 13,8±1,4años. El 68% sin patologías. Patologías relacionadas con RCV: hipercolesterolemia (7,1%), enfermedad cardiovascular (1,7%), HTA (0,8%), diabetes (0,3%). IMC medio: 22,0±3,8, mayor en hombres (22,4±3,8 vs 21,0±3,2; p<0,01). Sobrepeso (IMC>P85) 23,3%, mayor en mujeres (27,6% vs 19,7%; p<0,05). Obesidad: 7%. El 63,8% PAS>P90 y el 23,7% PAD>P90. El perímetro de cintura se correlaciona de forma positiva con la edad (r=0,1669; p<0,0001) y es mayor entre los hombres (75,4±10,9 vs 72,9±8,9; p<0,01). El 27,1% perímetro de cintura >P75 y el 7,5%, >P90. Un total de 84 (13,3%) adolescentes presentaron 2 factores de RCV (sobrepeso+otro). Conclusiones: Pese a su corta edad, más del 10% de los escolares tiene 2 factores de RCV. Más del 50% presentaron valores anormales de PAS, el 20%, sobrepeso, y casi el 25%, valores anormales de perímetro de cintura (AU)


Background and aim: The current guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure do not include any section dedicated to hypertension in children and adolescents or to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategies in that age group. Our study was aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in an adolescent sample. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17years (n=630), conducted from October 2014 to February 2015 in four schools in Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes (DM). Anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist/height index (WHI), blood pressure (mmHg). Results: The study sample consisted of 295 female and 335 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8±1.4). CVR-related conditions: hypercholesterolemia (7.1%), CVD (1.7%), hypertension (0.8%) and diabetes (0.3%). BMI (22.0±3,8) was higher in males (22.4±3.8 vs. 21.0±3.2; P<.01). Overweight was greater in females (27.6% vs. 19.7%; P<.05). Seven percent of subjects were obese, 63.8% had systolic BP >P90 and 23.7% had diastolic BP >P90. Waist circumference positively correlated with age (r=0.1669; P<.0001) and was greater in males (75.4±10.9 vs. 72.9±8.9; P<0.01); 27.1% of adolescents had a waist circumference >P75, and 7.5% >P90. Eighty-four (13.3%) adolescents had two CVRFs (overweight+another). Conclusions: Despite their young age, more than 10% of school children had two CVRFs. Abnormal SBP levels were seen in more than 50%, 20% were overweight, and only 75% had normal waist circumference values (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Hypertension/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Overweight/epidemiology , Body Weights and Measures/statistics & numerical data
4.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 63(10): 511-518, 2016 Dec.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27746114

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The current guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure do not include any section dedicated to hypertension in children and adolescents or to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategies in that age group. Our study was aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in an adolescent sample. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17years (n=630), conducted from October 2014 to February 2015 in four schools in Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes (DM). Anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist/height index (WHI), blood pressure (mmHg). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 295 female and 335 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8±1.4). CVR-related conditions: hypercholesterolemia (7.1%), CVD (1.7%), hypertension (0.8%) and diabetes (0.3%). BMI (22.0±3,8) was higher in males (22.4±3.8 vs. 21.0±3.2; P<.01). Overweight was greater in females (27.6% vs. 19.7%; P<.05). Seven percent of subjects were obese, 63.8% had systolic BP >P90 and 23.7% had diastolic BP >P90. Waist circumference positively correlated with age (r=0.1669; P<.0001) and was greater in males (75.4±10.9 vs. 72.9±8.9; P<0.01); 27.1% of adolescents had a waist circumference >P75, and 7.5% >P90. Eighty-four (13.3%) adolescents had two CVRFs (overweight+another). CONCLUSIONS: Despite their young age, more than 10% of school children had two CVRFs. Abnormal SBP levels were seen in more than 50%, 20% were overweight, and only 75% had normal waist circumference values.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Anthropometry , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 8(3): 5-11, sept. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-156547

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (CFEA) sufren sobrecarga y psicopatologías derivadas del cuidado. Objetivo: comparar el estado de sobrecarga, ansiedad, depresión y apoyo social percibido por los CFEA que pertenecen a una asociación de familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (AFA) y los que no pertenecen y son atendidos en farmacia comunitaria. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. 175 CFEA, divididos en dos grupos. Uno de 25 CFEA captado entre cuidadores que acuden regularmente a una farmacia y no pertenecían a ninguna asociación (FCIA). El segundo grupo (AFA) de 150 CFEA pertenecientes a 7 AFA de Galicia. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas y se administraron los cuestionarios: inventario de depresión de Beck, STAI-Cuestionario de ansiedad, escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit, escala Duke-UNC del apoyo social percibido. Resultados: En los dos grupos el perfil de cuidador corresponde con una mujer de 56 años, familiar de primer grado del EA, con estudios primarios. Sin diferencias significativas entre grupos en edad (p=0,931) ni nivel educativo (p=0,508). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en estado civil (p=0,468), ni en situación laboral (p= 0,851). Diferencias significativas: ansiedad, sobrecarga y apoyo social. El grupo AFA obtuvo puntuaciones más altas en sobrecarga (t=3,162; p=0,002), ansiedad (t=2,054; p=0,046) y apoyo social percibido (t=2,755; p=0,006). Sin diferencias significativas en depresión (t=-0,881; p=0,380). Conclusiones: Los cuidadores familiares del grupo AFA mostraron mayor sobrecarga y ansiedad. Los resultados de este trabajo respaldan la utilidad del farmacéutico comunitario en la detección de psicopatologías asociadas al cuidado del EA y la atención a los cuidadores (AU)


Introduction: Family caregivers of Alzheimer patients (FCAP) suffer from excessive burdens and psychopathologies deriving from the care. Objective: compare the level of excessive burdens, anxiety, depression and social support perceived by FCAPs who belong to a family members of Alzheimer patients association (FAA) and those who don’t and are attended to at the community pharmacy. Methods: Observational transversal study. 175 FCAPs, divided into two groups. One with 25 FCAPs formed by caregivers who go regularly to a pharmacy and don’t belong to an association (FAA). The second group (FAA) of 150 FCAPs belonging to 7 FAAs in Galicia. Sociodemographic variables were recorded and questionnaires were handed out: Beck Depression Inventory, STAI-Anxiety questionnaire, Zarit caregiver burden scale, Duke-UNC scale of perceived social support. Results: In both groups the profile of the caregiver is a 56 year old woman, direct family member of the Alzheimer’s patient with primary education. There are no significant differences between the groups in age (p=0.931) or educational level (p=0.508). Nor were there differences in marital status (p=0.468) or employment status (p=0.851). Significant differences: anxiety, burden and social support. The FAA had higher scores in burden (t=3.162; p=0.002), anxiety (t=2.054; p=0.046) and perceived social support (t=2.755; p=0.006). There were no significant differences in depression (t=0.881; p=0.380). Conclusions: Family caregivers of the FAA group displayed higher levels of burden and anxiety. The results of this study support the use of community pharmacies for detecting psychopathologies associated with caring for Alzheimer’s patients and healthcare for caregivers (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Female , Alzheimer Disease/complications , Caregivers , Psychopathology , Social Support , Spain , Pharmacies , Observational Study , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sociological Factors
7.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 13(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-141533

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To evaluate the profile of family caregivers of Alzheimer´s disease patients, identify any signs of psychopathology, quantify the level of perceived burden on the caregiver, and determine the caregiver’s relationship with their pharmacist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a community pharmacy in Pontevedra, Spain. Demographic variables were collected, and the following questionnaires were administered: the Beck Depression Inventory-II, STAI-Anxiety Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Scale, family APGAR scale, and the Duke-UNC questionnaire. Results: The typical caregiver profile consists of a 55-year old first degree relative (mostly daughters) with a primary education who belongs to a functional or mildly dysfunctional family. Nearly one quarter (24%) of caregivers had a high perception of burden, with anxiety in 20% of caregivers and symptoms of depression in 20%. Family caregivers usually went to the same pharmacy as the patients (96%), were treated with psychotropic drugs (68%), and interacted with the pharmacist (92%). Conclusion: This study confirmed that psychological distress and burden is present among family caregivers. Care for caregivers should be integrated into patient care as part of a national plan, including grants and subsidies, which will result in better care of Alzheimer's patients. Pharmacists are the most accessible health care professionals and can provide information about Alzheimer's disease management to caregivers to ease the burden of care (AU)


Objetivos: Evaluar el perfil de los familiares cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer, identificar signos de psicopatología, cuantificar el nivel de sobrecarga percibido en el cuidador, y determinar la relación del cuidador con su farmacéutico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una farmacia comunitaria de Pontevedra, España. Se recogieron las variables demográficas y se administraron los siguientes cuestionarios: el Beck Depression Inventory-II, el cuestionario STAI-Anxiety, la escala Zarit Burden, la escala familiar APGAR, y el cuestionario Duke-UNC. Resultados: El perfil típico del cuidador consiste en un pariente en primer grado (generalmente hijas) de 55 años con educación primaria que pertenece a una familia funcional o ligeramente disfuncional. Casi un cuarto (24%) de los cuidadores tiene una percepción de elevada sobrecarga, con ansiedad en el 20% de los cuidadores y síntomas de depresión en el 20%. Los familiares cuidadores generalmente (96%) iban a la misma farmacia que fueron los enfermos, estaban tratados con fármacos psicotrópicos (68%), e interactuaban con el farmacéutico (92%). Conclusión: Este estudio confirma que el estrés psicológico y la sobrecarga están presentes entre los familiares cuidadores. El cuidado del cuidador debería estar integrado en los cuidados del paciente como un plan nacional, incluyendo subsidios, que producirán una mejor atención de los pacientes con Alzheimer. Los farmacéuticos son los profesionales más accesibles y pueden proporcionar información sobre el manejo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer a los cuidadores para reducir la sobrecarga (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Caregivers/psychology , Family/psychology , Pharmacy , Anxiety/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/psychology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Health Personnel/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires , Spain/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/standards , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 7(1): 32-37, mar. 2015.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-137448

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cuidado diario de un familiar enfermo de Alzheimer (EA) supondrá un estrés emocional y físico importante para el cuidador. El resultado puede desembocar en un intenso sentimiento de sobrecarga y conducir a diversas psicopatologías como depresión, ansiedad, agresividad, astenia psicofísica, etc. El aumento en la incidencia de la enfermedad está provocando escasez de cuidadores y falta de apoyo social e institucional a las familias que se encargan de cuidar a un EA. Objetivos: Revisar las características del apoyo que las estructuras sociales y sanitarias prestan a los cuidadores informales (CI) de EA, conocer su perfil, la percepción que tienen de su situación y su estado de ánimo, detectar posibles psicopatologías que les afecten, cuantificar el nivel de sobrecarga, evaluar el apoyo social percibido, el grado de satisfacción familiar y la relación con su farmacia habitual. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participan CI de EA no institucionalizados, reclutados en las asociaciones de familiares de EA de Galicia, mayores de 18 años y que den su consentimiento informado. Variable principal: puntuación del test de Zarit de sobrecarga del cuidador. Otras: socio-demográficas, ansiedad (STAI), depresión (Beck) y apoyo social (Duke-UNC) y familiar (APGAR) percibido. Discusión: Los resultados de la metodología implementada en este estudio pueden servir para desarrollar programas similares en la farmacia comunitaria, en la que los farmacéuticos comunitarios colaboren en la detección de posibles psicopatologías, y contribuir, mediante la prestación de servicios profesionales, a conseguir una mejora en la calidad de vida y estado de salud de los cuidadores (AU)


Introduction: Daily care for a relative who is an Alzheimer’s patient (AP) entails a significant emotional and physical stress for the caregiver. This can result in an intense feeling of overload and lead to diverse psychopathologies as depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, psychophysical asthenia, etc. The increase in the rate of occurrence of the disease is causing a shortage of caregivers and a lack of social and institutional support to the families responsible for caring for an AP. Objectives: To review the characteristics of the support that the social and healthcare structures provide informal caregivers (IC) of AP, to get to know their profile, the perception they have of their situation and their state of mind, to detect psychopathologies that may affect them, to quantify their level of overload and to evaluate the social support perceived, the current degree of family satisfaction and the relationship with their regular pharmacist. Methods: Crossover descriptive study involving IC of non-institutionalized AP, recruited in associations for relatives of AP in Galicia, who are over 18 years of age and have given their informed consent. Primary variable: score on the Zarit overload scale for the caregiver. Others: socio-demographic, anxiety (STAI), depression (Beck) and the social (Duke-UNC) and family support (APGAR) perceived. Discussion: The results of the method implemented in this study be used to develop similar programs in the community pharmacy, in which the community pharmacists collaborate in the detection of possible psychopathologies, and through the provision of professionals services help to improve the quality of life and state of health of the caregiver (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Community Pharmacy Services/trends , Alzheimer Disease/epidemiology , Professional-Family Relations , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Caregivers/statistics & numerical data , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Social Support
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