Suspensión de talco para efusión pleural maligna / Talc suspension to treat malignant pleural effusion

El talco es uno de los agentes esclerosantes más efectivos de los que se dispone actualmente para el tratamiento de la efusión pleural maligna. Al no existir como preparado comercial es necesario proceder a su formulación, siendo el aspecto más problemático la esterilización.En el presente trabajo se describe la preparación de una suspensión de talco, usando como método de esterilización el calor húmedo. La fórmula que se propone es segura, de fácil elaboración, efectiva y de bajo coste. Asimismo se valora la efectividad de dicha fórmula en un total de 10 pacientes, obteniendo un porcentaje de efectividad del 80 por ciento. La incidencia de efectos adversos fue baja y concordante con los datos publicados en la literatura (AU)

[Use of enteral nutrition products in a general hospital]. / Utilización de productos de nutrición enteral en un hospital general.

The present work aims to study the use of enteral nutrition (EN) products during the period between October 1996 and January 1997, in a general hospital with a nutrition unit. The EN expenditure ascended to 3,343,475 Pesetas, with the supplements representing the greatest cost percentage (39.1%). An indication-prescription study was carried out by reviewing 120 clinical histories of patients who had received EN during that period. The patients originated in different departments of the hospital, excluding the ICU, chronic patients, pediatrics, and palliative care. Data regarding sex, age, diagnosis, diet used, calories/day given, route of administration, and selection criterion for the diet were analysed. The average age of the patients was 64.59 years. The most common diagnoses were solid tumors (32.5% of the cases), followed by cerebrovascular accidents (16.7% of the cases). The most commonly used EN preparation was the Pentadrink hypercaloric diet (36.7% of the cases), followed by the standard diet (25.8%). The route of administration used most frequently was the oral route in 63.3% of the cases. The calories/day given varied per diet, with this being 886 cal for the hypercaloric diet, and 1,839 cal for the standard diet. Among the criteria for selecting an EN diet 50% of the patients had abnormal protein metabolism and a normal digestive capacity with slight or moderate stress, 12.5% were diabetic; and the remainder presented other criteria that influenced the choice for a specific type of EN diet. From the analysis of the results it is clear that Pentadrink is used as a supplement, and that there are patients with a sometimes insufficient caloric supply.

[Microbial growth in parenteral nutrition. II. Effects of osmolality]. / Estudio del crecimiento microbiano en nutrición parenteral. II. Influencia de la osmolaridad.

Study on the behaviour of five microorganisms in different formulations of Parenteral Nutrition (PN) different from each other with regard to osmolarity. The organisms investigated were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC (12600), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13047) y Candida albicans (LSH 3156 D). It was observed no direct relation between microbial growth and osmolarity in PN. C. albicans showed the best growth in all the formulations tested, followed by E. Cloacae. The number of the other microorganisms is reduced, and in general, except B. subtilis grow or are reduced in a lesser extension when the glucose solutions added are at 30 or 40%.

[A microbial growth study in parenteral nutrition]. / Estudio del crecimiento microbiano en nutrición parenteral.

Study on the behaviour of five microorganisms in different formulations of parenteral nutrition (PN) different from each other with regard to the presence or absence of lipids and the addition of vitamins or oligoelements. The bacteria investigated were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 12600), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027) and Enterobacter cloacae (ATCC 13047), as well as Candida albicans (LSH 3156 D). It was observed that C. albicans grew well in all types of PN tested, S. aureus and E. cloacae showed growth in the formulations containing lipids, whereas in those lacking lipids, the number of microorganisms remained practically uniform. P. aeruginosa remained essentially constant throughout the study and in all mixtures and B. subtilis was reduced with regard to the number of feasible organisms, due to the formation of spores. Finally, the addition of vitamins or oligoelements did not appear to determine a particular model of evolution in any of the species studied.