[Satisfaction with care received in pediatric emergency services: impact of family interaction and emotional disturbance]. / Satisfacción con la atención en urgencias pediátricas: influencia del funcionamiento familiar y la alteración emocional.

This study addresses the relationship between two key elements in satisfaction with pediatric emergency services, namely emotional disturbance and family interaction. The main goal is to determine whether family cohesion and adaptability and anger may be associated with differential levels of satisfaction among parents whose children were attended in pediatric emergency units. It is a descriptive study for which a sample of 711 parents whose children were attended in 6 pediatric emergency services was studied. The Spanish version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Staxi-2), the Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Scale and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Faces) were used respectively. Data analysis included a Spearman bivariate correlations analysis, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney test and path-analysis using a structural equations model. The results support the hypothesis that higher levels of family cohesion and adaptability as well as lower levels of anger are associated with higher levels of satisfaction among parents.

Satisfacción con la atención en urgencias pediátricas: influencia del funcionamiento familiar y la alteración emocional / Satisfaction with care received in pediatric emergency services: impact of family interaction and emotional disturbance

Resumen Este estudio aborda la relación entre dos elementos clave en la satisfacción con los servicios sanitarios de urgencias pediátricas: la afectación emocional y el funcionamiento familiar. El objetivo general es determinar si la cohesión, la adaptabilidad familiar y la ira pueden asociarse a niveles diferenciales de satisfacción en progenitores cuyos hijos eran atendidos en urgencias pediátricas. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal para el que se trabajó con una muestra de 711 progenitores que habían sido atendidos en 6 servicios de urgencias pediátricas. Se utilizaron respectivamente las versiones españolas del Inventado de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo-2 (STAXI-2), la Escala de Satisfacción con los Servicios Sanitarios y la Escala de Evaluación de la Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar (Faces). El análisis de datos incluyó un análisis de correlaciones bivariadas de Spearman, pruebas de Kruskal Wallis, pruebas de Mann-Whitney y un path-analysis mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados soportan la idea de que mayores niveles de cohesión y adaptabilidad familiar así como menores niveles de ira, se asocian a mayores niveles de satisfacción en los padres. Nuestros datos no reflejan diferencias significativas en ira entre padres y madres.

Abstract This study addresses the relationship between two key elements in satisfaction with pediatric emergency services, namely emotional disturbance and family interaction. The main goal is to determine whether family cohesion and adaptability and anger may be associated with differential levels of satisfaction among parents whose children were attended in pediatric emergency units. It is a descriptive study for which a sample of 711 parents whose children were attended in 6 pediatric emergency services was studied. The Spanish version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (Staxi-2), the Satisfaction with Healthcare Services Scale and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (Faces) were used respectively. Data analysis included a Spearman bivariate correlations analysis, Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney test and path-analysis using a structural equations model. The results support the hypothesis that higher levels of family cohesion and adaptability as well as lower levels of anger are associated with higher levels of satisfaction among parents.

La ansiedad y su asociación con elementos de funcionamiento familiar en los padres de niños atendidos en servicios de urgencias pediátricos andaluces / Anxiety in the parents of children treated in pediatric emergency services in Andalusia and its association with aspects of family functioning

Objetivo: Determinar el grado de ansiedad y su asociación con diversos elementos del funcionamiento familiar en progenitores cuyos hijos fueron atendidos en servicios de urgencias pediátricos andaluces. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo tipo encuesta de análisis transversal. Se seleccionó, mediante un muestreo por oportunidad, a los progenitores de los niños que fueron atendidos en 6 servicios urgencias pediátricos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en 2012. Se recogieron datos demográficos, lugar de origen, nivel educativo, el grado de ansiedad mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo de Spielberger (STAI) y el funcionamiento familiar según la Escala de Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar, versión 2 (FACES II). Resultados: Se incluyeron 637 progenitores, con una edad media de 35,4 (DE = 8,4) años, de los cuales 399 (62,6%) fueron mujeres. La puntuación media en ansiedad fue de 44,26 (DE = 10,15), sin diferencias significativas respecto al sexo de los padres. Los grados menores de ansiedad se asociaron a mayor cohesión (r = -0,37; p < 0,001) y adaptabilidad familiar (r = -0,36; p < 0,001). Conclusiones: El grado de ansiedad de los padres de niños atendidos en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos andaluces es algo elevado y se asocia de forma inversa con la cohesión y la adaptabilidad familiar (AU)

Objective: To assess the level of anxiety in the parents of children treated in hospital emergency departments in Andalusia and its association with dimensions of family functioning. Methods: Descriptive observational study based on a cross-sectional survey. We recruited a convenience sample of parents bringing children to 6 pediatric emergency services in the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia in 2012. The variables recorded were place of origin, educational level, anxiety level on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and family functioning according to the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, version 2. Results: A total of 637 parents were included. Their mean (SD) age was 35.4 (8.4) years; 399 (62.6%) were women. The mean anxiety score was 44.26 (10.15), and we found no differences between mothers and fathers. Lower anxiety levels were associated with higher levels of family cohesion (r = -0.37; P < .001) and adaptability (r = -0.36; P < .001). Conclusion: The parents of children attended in pediatric emergency departments in Andalusia have high levels of anxiety. Anxiety is inversely associated with family adaptability and cohesion (AU)

[Anxiety in the parents of children treated in pediatric emergency services in Andalusia and its association with aspects of family functioning]. / Anxiety in the parents of children treated in pediatric emergency services in Andalusia and its association with aspects of family functioning.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the level of anxiety in the parents of children treated in hospital emergency departments in Andalusia and its association with dimensions of family functioning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study based on a cross-sectional survey. We recruited a convenience sample of parents bringing children to 6 pediatric emergency services in the Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia in 2012. The variables recorded were place of origin, educational level, anxiety level on the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and family functioning according to the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, version 2. RESULTS: A total of 637 parents were included. Their mean (SD) age was 35.4 (8.4) years; 399 (62.6%) were women. The mean anxiety score was 44.26 (10.15), and we found no differences between mothers and fathers. Lower anxiety levels were associated with higher levels of family cohesion (r = -0.37; P < .001) and adaptability (r = -0.36; P < .001). CONCLUSION: The parents of children attended in pediatric emergency departments in Andalusia have high levels of anxiety. Anxiety is inversely associated with family adaptability and cohesion.

OBJETIVO: Determinar el grado de ansiedad y su asociación con diversos elementos del funcionamiento familiar en progenitores cuyos hijos fueron atendidos en servicios de urgencias pediátricos andaluces. METODO: Estudio observacional descriptivo tipo encuesta de análisis transversal. Se seleccionó, mediante un muestreo por oportunidad, a los progenitores de los niños que fueron atendidos en 6 servicios urgencias pediátricos de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía en 2012. Se recogieron datos demográficos, lugar de origen, nivel educativo, el grado de ansiedad mediante el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo de Spielberger (STAI) y el funcionamiento familiar según la Escala de Cohesión y Adaptabilidad Familiar, versión 2 (FACES II). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 637 progenitores, con una edad media de 35,4 (DE = 8,4) años, de los cuales 399 (62,6%) fueron mujeres. La puntuación media en ansiedad fue de 44,26 (DE = 10,15), sin diferencias significativas respecto al sexo de los padres. Los grados menores de ansiedad se asociaron a mayor cohesión (r = ­0,37; p < 0,001) y adaptabilidad familiar (r = ­0,36; p < 0,001). CONCLUSIONES: El grado de ansiedad de los padres de niños atendidos en los servicios de urgencias pediátricos andaluces es algo elevado y se asocia de forma inversa con la cohesión y la adaptabilidad familiar.

Alteración emocional en atención primaria y urgencias pediátricas. ¿Se enfadan los padres durante la atención pediátrica? / Emotional alteration in Primary Health Care and paediatric emergencies. Do parents get angry during paediatric care?

En el presente trabajo nos proponemos estudiar la presencia de ansiedad e ira en atención pediátrica, explorando posibles diferencias entre atención primaria y urgencias pediátricas. Es objetivo adicional determinar cuáles de las variables estudiadas predicen en mayor grado ansiedad en la muestra de progenitores estudiados. En este estudio participaron un total de 1517 progenitores cuyos hijos habían sido atendidos en servicios de pediatría. El método se basa en un estudio descriptivo transversal mediante encuesta, donde los participantes contestaron el Inventario de Expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo (STAXI-2) y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo de Spielberger (STAI). Nuestros resultados indican una asociación significativa entre ansiedad y las diferentes dimensiones de ira consideradas, y también con el nivel de gravedad percibido por los padres en el estado de salud del menor. De las dimensiones de ira consideradas, la expresión como sentimiento es la que más predice la presencia de ansiedad en los padres. Las alteraciones emocionales en contextos de atención sanitaria pediátrica deben ser prevenidas, detectadas cuando ocurren y atendidas de manera eficaz para evitar consecuencias negativas de diverso tipo.

A study was conducted in order to determine the presence of anxiety and anger in paediatric health care, exploring possible differences between primary health care and paediatric emergencies. The study also sought to determine which of the variables studied better predict anxiety in the sample of parents studied. A total of 1.517 parents whose children had been attended in paediatric department participated in this study. The method was based on a cross-sectional descriptive study using a questionnaire, where all the participants answered the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results indicate a significant association between anxiety and both the considered dimensions of anger and the level of severity perceived by parents in the child's health status. From the anger dimensions considered, anger as a feeling is the most predictive expression of parental anxiety. Emotional alterations in paediatric health care settings should be prevented, detected when they occur, and effectively treated to avoid different negative consequences.

Anxiety and parent's beliefs about medication in primary pediatric health care / La ansiedad y los problemas paternos con la medicación en asistencia pediátrica primaria

The goal of the present study is to explore the relation between parents' anxiety and cognitive representations of medication in pediatric treatment of their children, seeking possible differences as a function of gender and age. A total of 1,772 parents of children attended in primary pediatric health care centers of the public health care system of Andalusia, Spain participated in this study. Of the sample, 25.1% were men and 74.9% were women. Negative beliefs about medicines were found to be associated with higher levels of anxiety in parents during primary pediatric health care. Among the variables studied, the beliefs in medication abuse predicted higher levels of anxiety. Intervention initiatives could substantially improve patients and their relatives' well-being during pediatric consultation, adherence to treatment, and lastly general satisfaction. Findings are discussed with reference to other authors, clinical implications, and the need of future research

El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la relación entre la ansiedad paterna y las representaciones cognitivas sobre la medicación en el tratamiento pediátrico de sus hijos. Para ello, 1.772 padres de niños atendidos en centros de atención pediátrica del sistema público de salud de Andalucía participaron en este estudio. El 25.1% de la muestra eran hombres y el 74.9% mujeres. Se encontró que las creencias negativas acerca de los medicamentos se asociaron con mayores niveles de ansiedad en los padres durante la atención pediátrica. Entre las variables estudiadas, la creencia de abuso de la medicación fue la variable que predijo mayores niveles de ansiedad. Iniciativas adecuadas de intervención podrían mejorar sustancialmente el bienestar de los pacientes y sus familiares durante la consulta pediátrica, la adherencia al tratamiento e incluso la satisfacción general. Se discuten los resultados en relación con otros autores, las implicaciones clínicas y la necesidad de futuras investigaciones

Parental stress and satisfaction during children's hospitalization: differences between immigrant and autochthonous population.

This study explored the relation between parents' stress and satisfaction during children's hospitalization, seeking possible differences between immigrant and autochthonous population and also as a function of gender in a sample of parents of hospitalized children in Andalusia, Spain. A total of 1347 parents participated in this study. Of the sample, 50% were immigrants and the other 50% were autochthonous. The assessment instruments were the Hospitalization Stress Scale and the Satisfaction with Hospitalization Scale. The results show that stress was associated with the manifestations of the child's illness, the alteration of family life or of parental roles during the process and some aspects of the clinical staff's work. General satisfaction in immigrant parents was higher than in the autochthonous population and the levels of satisfaction were higher in men than in women. Small changes and initiatives in relation to care could substantially improve the satisfaction of patients and their relatives during the process of hospitalization.

[Professional opinion about hospitalising Latin-American immigrant children in Andalucía, Spain]. / Opinión Profesional sobre la Hospitalización Infantil de Inmigrantes de Origen Latinoamericano en Andalucía, España.

OBJECTIVE: There has been an increase in paediatric hospital attention being provided for Latin-American immigrant patients in Spain during the recent years. This work was aimed at ascertaining professionals' opinion regarding this population's specific and differential needs concerning Latin-American immigrant children being hospitalised. METHODS: The study consisted of a qualitative, phenomenological type of investigation, based on semi-structured interviews of key informers in Andalusia (Spain). The subjects of the study were professionals from paediatric services in hospital centres in Andalusia. RESULTS: One of the most prominent (positive) results revealed that the Latin-American immigrant population presented less difficulties regarding hospital functioning when compared to other immigrant groups. CONCLUSIONS: The psychological aspects which had most impact on paediatric hospitalisation would be emotional alterations, such as the presence of anxiety and stress, or other aspects, like a lack of trust when being hospitalised.

Opinión Profesional sobre la Hospitalización Infantil de Inmigrantes de Origen Latinoamericano en Andalucía, España / Professional opinion about hospitalising Latin-American immigrant children in Andalucía, Spain

Objetivo En los últimos años se ha evidenciado un incremento de la atención hospitalaria pediátrica a pacientes inmigrantes de origen latinoamericano en España. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la opinión de diversos profesionales sobre las necesidades específicas y diferenciales de esta población durante dicho proceso. Métodos La investigación se desarrolló a través de un estudio cualitativo de tipo fenomenológico, basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas a informantes clave en Andalucía (España). Los sujetos del estudio son profesionales de servicios de pediatría de centros hospitalarios andaluces. Resultados Entre los más relevantes destacan, como aspectos positivos, que la población inmigrante latinoamericana es la que menores dificultades de funcionamiento hospitalario presenta, en comparación con otros grupos de inmigrantes. Conclusiones Entre los aspectos psicológicos que más inciden durante la hospitalización, estarían las alteraciones emocionales, tales como la presencia de ansiedad y estrés o aspectos como la desconfianza durante el mismo.

Objective There has been an increase in paediatric hospital attention being provided for Latin-American immigrant patients in Spain during the recent years. This work was aimed at ascertaining professionals' opinion regarding this population's specific and differential needs concerning Latin-American immigrant children being hospitalised. Methods The study consisted of a qualitative, phenomenological type of investigation, based on semi-structured interviews of key informers in Andalusia (Spain). The subjects of the study were professionals from paediatric services in hospital centres in Andalusia. Results One of the most prominent (positive) results revealed that the Latin-American immigrant population presented less difficulties regarding hospital functioning when compared to other immigrant groups. Conclusions The psychological aspects which had most impact on paediatric hospitalisation would be emotional alterations, such as the presence of anxiety and stress, or other aspects, like a lack of trust when being hospitalised.