A study on early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal infection, Bulgaria, 2007-2011.

This study examines neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) colonization and its relation to early-onset GBS disease (EOGBSD), based upon the experience of leading obstetrics and gynecology centers in Bulgaria. The objectives of the study were to update neonatal colonization rates and to assess relationships between clinically differentiated cases (culture-proven GBS newborns) and risk factors inherent to the infant and mother, using a computerized file. The neonatal GBS colonization rate ranged from 5.48 to 12.19 per 1000 live births. Maternal-fetal infection (MFI, a provisional clinical diagnosis in culture-proven colonized infants with initial signs of infection that is usually overcome with antibiotic treatment) and/or intrapartum asphyxia (IA) have been demonstrated as the most frequent clinical manifestations, with significant correlations for the primary diagnosis, but not affirmative for the final diagnosis at discharge, resulting from adequate treatment of neonates. MFI and IA were significantly related to prematurity, and reciprocally, prematurity was associated with the risk of MFI, indirectly suggesting that preterm birth or PPROM (preterm premature rupture of membranes, an obstetric indication associated with early labor and delivery, one of the major causes of preterm birth) is a substantial risk factor for EOGBSD. The regression analysis indicated that in the case of a newborn with MFI, a birth weight 593.58 g lower than the birth weight of an infant without this diagnosis might be expected. Testing the inverse relationship, i.e., the way birth weight influences a certain diagnosis (logistic regression) established the presence of a relationship between birth weight categories (degree of prematurity) and the diagnosis of MFI. The proportions and odds ratios, converted into probabilities that a baby would develop MFI, indicate the particularly high risk for newborns with extremely low and very low birth weight: extremely low birth weight (≤1000 g), the probability of developing a MFI is 66%; very low birth weight (1001-1500 g), 81%; low birth weight (the birth weight category including premature and small for gestational age term infants: 1501-2500 g), 40%; normal birth weight (term infants) (>2500 g), 32%. In conclusion, the need to introduce separate categories for early- and late-onset GBS disease in the registration nomenclature of neonatal infectious diseases is highlighted by these results. Drawing up intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) guidelines is also strongly recommended.

[Probiotic monotherapy of bacterial vaginosis: a open, randomized trial].

UNLABELLED: The aim of the current research is to establish the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the therapy with local probiotics in the treatment of anaerobic vaginal infections and the therapy's effect upon vaginal flora. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: 381 (100%) women with bacterial vaginitis are included in the research. They were randomized into three groups. In the first group 143 women who were treated with local (10 applications) probiotics vaginal medicine, containing live lactobacillus types Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus. In the second group 126 patients were treated with five days oral administration of Clindamycin (tabl.x 600 mg) BID and local therapy of two vaginal ovules containing each 1000 mg Metronidazole, which were administered intravaginal every other day. In the third group 112 women were treated with the same therapy as the second group and in addition started from the day 5 after it were administered locally probiotic medicine containing Lactobacillus acidophilus u Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The efficacy of the therapeutic scheme was evaluated via comparison of patients' clinical complains in the different groups, of data from clinical examinations (Amsel) and microbiological tests (Nugent) for each patient. RESULTS: Thirty five-forty days after the probiotic therapy, the clinical efficacy in this group (Amsel) is 42.7% and microbiological efficacy (Gram preparation - Nugent)--41.3%. They are lower than the results which we received in the groups where the combine nitroimidazole/incozamide treatment was performed with or without local probiotic. The second group: clinical efficacy--51.6%, microbiological (Nugent)--46.4%. The highest clinical--87.5% and microbiological--80.3% efficacy showed the combine nitroimidazole/lincozamide/probiotic treatment in the third group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the local monotherapy with probiotics has fewer efficacies in comparison to the combine therapeutic schemes for treatment of vaginal disbacteriosis with dominant anaerobic species.

[Effect of Lactobacillus casei var rhamnosus (Gynophilus) in restoring the vaginal flora by female patients with bacterial vaginosis--randomized, open clinical trial].

UNLABELLED: The vaginal probiotics can increase the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the therapeutic regimens used for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of the application of Lactobacillus casei var rhamnosus (Gynophilus--probiotic species Lcr 35) in restoring the vaginal flora and prevention of relapses by female patients with anaerobic vaginal infection undergoing conventional (nitroimidazole) local and main therapy. METHODS: In the study were included 60 women with established Amsel/Nugent bacterial vaginosis who were randomized in two groups. The first group patients (n-30 beginning/n-25 controls) underwent a 5 day treatment with two daily peroral doses of metronidazole 500 mg, with local application of metronidazole ovules 1000 mg at the 1st and the 3rd day (M+M). In the second group (n-30 beginning/n-26 controls) the therapeutic regimen was the same as in the first group, with additional 7 day treatment with Lactobacillus casei var rhamnosus - Lcr 35. (Gynophilus) vaginal ovules, two daily doses (M+M+G). RESULTS: 30% to 40% was the difference/enhance of the clinical efficacy according to the clinical indicators when Lactobacillus casei var rhamnosus - Lcr 35 was added to the standard nitroimidazole therapy. Concerning the main clinical indicator: Amsel criteria, the improvement after the therapy in the first group (M+M) was 60% (n-15) and in the second group (M+M+G) 88.5% (n-23). According to the microbiological indicators the improvement in the first group (M+M) based on the vaginal flora evaluation (Nugent score) was 60% (n-15) and in the second group, after the addition of Lcr 35 it was 88.5% (n-23). CONCLUSIONS: The application of Gynophilus after conventional 5-nitroimidazole treatment for bacterial vaginosis increased the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the therapy by 25% - 30%. The microbial balance in the vaginal ecosystem was restored in the majority of patients (88%), which is a prerequisite for low percentage of bacterial vaginosis relapses.

[A study on early-onset group "B" streptococcal neonatal infection].

The results achieved with 80% reduction in the incidence of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) sepsis following the implementation of the preliminary (1996, 2002) and subsequently the revised (2010) guidelines for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis imposed the discussion on a large scale of the updated:--algorithms for GBS screening (35-37 weeks of gestation) with the recommended dosage of penicillin-G for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for women having normal labor and delivery;--algorithms for GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for women with preterm labor (PPROM) or premature rupture of membranes (PROM);--intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis regimens for women with penicillin allergy;--algorithm for management of newborns with respect to risk of early-onset GBS disease. The present study is aimed at studying the distribution of the early-onset GBS disease in our country based on the data of leading obstetrics & gynecology clinics and wards. The aim is to diferrentiate clinically the cases and investigate the influence of the known risk factors on the part of the mother. A special accent is put over the microbiological diagnostics of cases in view of CDC expanded recommendations on the laboratory methods for identification of GBS. As a final conclusion the necessity for introduction of an official registration of the early- and late-onset GBS disease in the country is emphasized.

[Treatment of bacterial vaginosis with high dosage metronidazole and lactic acid]. / Lechenie na bakterialnata vaginoza s visokodoziran vaginalen metronidazole i mlechna kiselina.

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most frequent vaginal infections in women of reproductive age. This condition is a disbalance of vaginal flora that is expressed in a considerable displacement of normal lactobacilli flora by opportunistic and facultative microorganisms. Despite the moderate or missing clinical manifestation this dysbacteriosis is linked with many complications in obstetrics and gynecology. AIM: To evaluate the effect of treatment of bacterial vaginosis with the product Arilin rapid containing vaginal Metronidazole in high doses and a following vaginal application of lactic acid in a part of the patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the period May 2001-August 2001, bacterial vaginosis was established in 45 patients of the Specialized hospital for active treatment in obstetrics and gynecology "Maichin Dom", Sofia and the Military medical academy-Sofia, gynecology ward. The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was established in accordance to Amsel's criteria and the results that were obtained from samples colored by Gram. For the treatment of BV were used local Metronidazole (Arilin rapid) and vaginal tablets containing lactic acid. The patients were divided into 3 groups. In the first group (18 women) vaginal suppositoria of 100 mg Metronidazole (Arilin rapid) were used for 2 days, in the second (20 women)--Arilin rapid x 1 glob./2 days and a following therapy with vaginal tablets containing lactic acid x 1 glob. for 7 days. The third group (7 women) was the control receiving placebo therapy--shampoo Dercome Femme containing lactic acid for external application. RESULTS: In the group receiving Arilin rapid we observed a normalization of vaginal flora in 71.43% (5/7), intermediate vaginal flora in 14.3% (1/7) and no change caused by therapy in 14.3% (1/7). In the second group, where lactic acid was included, cure was established in 94.1% (16/17) and in only one (5.9%) case was established intermediate vaginal flora. In the control group in 85.7% (6/7) of the cases was registered a lack of effect. CONCLUSION: Treatment with Arilin rapid showed good results in 71% of cases. Adding lactate to therapy improved the therapeutic effect and achieved cure in over 94%. The following application of vaginal lactate is an additional step helping the recolonisation of the vagina with lactobacilli and is a contribution to the struggle with recurrent forms.

[Serious infections associated with transurethral operations for lower urinary tract obstruction]. / Signifikantni infektsii pri transuretralni operatsii za obstruktsiia na dolniia urinaren trakt.

Serious urinary infections associated with transurethral surgery are a problem of current interest. The underlying causes of their occurrence and the therapeutic approach used are discussed. The study covers 139 patients treated over a two-year period. The types of diseases giving rise to lower urinary tract obstruction and the transurethral operations performed--optic urethrotomy, laser photocoagulation and transurethral resection--are analyzed. In all patients sterile urine assessment is done before, during and after treatment. Identification of the bacterial strains and antimicrobial sensitivity testing are conducted with mini API system--Bio-Merieux, France. The frequency of microbical causing agents and their antibacterial resistance are studied. The tactics in selecting the most adequate drug is discussed. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is identified as urinary infection cause in 49.5 per cent. Good results are obtained in 118 patients (84.9%); among those without urethral catheter prior to operation--97.3 per cent, and in the group with urethral catheter--70.3 per cent. Conclusions are drawn concerning the necessity of microbiological study of the urine in transurethral operations, and undertaking treatment in due course. Retaining of the indwelling urethral catheter prior to intervention should be reduced to a minimum. The clinical efficacy of oral beta-lactams is lower by comparison with fluoroquinolines owing to the multiple resistance of strains. The tenets of picking out an antibiotic for handling significant urinary infections are outlined.