ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The most promising strategy for managing COVID-19 pandemic is achieving sufficient vaccination rate worldwide. The question is how many people will be willing to get vaccinated. STUDY DESIGN: We systematically reviewed peer-reviewed manuscripts monitoring people´s intention to receive a vaccine against COVID-19. METHODS: Up to December 28, 2020 we identified 62 relevant peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and GoogleScholar. RESULTS: Total sample size was 118 855 respondents with overall average COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate of 72.5% which is "just" the level estimated to be sufficient for reaching herd immunity threshold. Surprisingly, healthcare workers showed smaller interest in receiving the vaccine when compared to general adult population and university students. On the other hand, their attitude to vaccination did not change over time. In case of general adult population, the longer the pandemic lasts, the smaller proportion of population wants to get vaccinated. Vaccination intentions were independent of gross domestic product and human development index. CONCLUSION: Willingness of population to receive COVID-19 is just at the herd immunity threshold and it is decreasing over time (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 110). Keywords: vaccination, survey, COVID-19, pandemic, review.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 Vaccines , COVID-19 , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
In a group of 52 patients electroconvulsive treatment by means of a Thymatron apparatus was provided under simultaneous EEG control. In addition to parameters of the EEG curve (type of curve according to intensity of the paroxysmal process, duration of electroconvulsion on EEG, type of termination of paroxysm of EEG) also other variables were investigated in relation to the therapeutic effect. The following were identified as significant predictors for marked clinical improvement: type of EEG curve with more marked paroxysmal activity, shorter cumulative duration of electroconvulsions on EEG before first clinical improvement of the patient and a higher CGI entering score. Other variables proved unimportant, e.g. the patient's age, total number of electroconvulsions, total cumulative duration of electroconvulsions on EEG and type of termination of electroconvulsions on EEG.
Subject(s)
Electroconvulsive Therapy , Electroencephalography , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
EEG records of electroconvulsions were evaluated according to a five-point semiquantitative scale grading the intensity of the paroxysmal activity. A more favorable therapeutic effect of ECT was found to be associated with more pronounced paroxysmal activity on the EEG. The role of this finding for the dosage of energy in the convulsive stimulus is discussed.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder/therapy , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Electroencephalography , Adult , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Mood Disorders/therapy , PrognosisABSTRACT
The authors describe the situation which developed as a result of construction work, when the grounds of the psychiatric clinic were open. Before that time there were during a five-year period on average 2.2 escapes per year; despite an unaltered regime of the patients and unaltered supervision there was not a single escape. This is in favour of an "open door system" in psychiatry, with the possibility to apply it in future rationalization activities.
