Aneurysm Sac Shrinkage at 1 Year after Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair of Complex Aortic Aneurysms Offers Mid-Term Survival Advantage.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of 1-year changes in aneurysm sac diameter on patient survival after fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) of complex abdominal (CAAA) or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA). METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data of patients enrolled in a prospective non-randomized study investigating FB-EVAR (2013-2022). Patients with sequential follow up computed tomography (CT) scans at baseline and 6 to 18 months after FB-EVAR were included in the analysis. Aneurysm sac diameter change was defined as the difference in maximum aortic diameter (MAD) from baseline measurements obtained in centerline of flow. Patients were classified as those with sac shrinkage (≥5mm) or failure to regress (<5mm or expansion) according to sac diameter change. Primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints were aortic-related mortality (ARM), aortic aneurysm rupture (AAR) and aorta-related secondary intervention. RESULTS: There were 549 patients treated by FB-EVAR. Of these, 463 patients (71% male, mean 74±8 years-old) with sequential CT imaging were investigated. Aneurysm extent was TAAA in 328 (71%) patients and CAAA in 135 (29%). Sac shrinkage occurred in 270 (58%) patients and failure to regress in 193 (42%) patients, including 19 (4%) patients with sac expansion at 1-year. Patients from both groups had similar cardiovascular risk factors, except for younger age among patients with sac shrinkage (73±8 vs. 75±8 years-old; P<.001). Median follow-up was 38 months (interquartile range, 18-51 months). Five-year survival estimate was 69%±4.1% for sac shrinkage and 46%±6.2% for failure to regress group. Survival estimates adjusted for confounders (age, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and aneurysm extent) revealed a higher hazard of late mortality in patients with failure to regress (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.52; P=.005). Five-year cumulative incidences of ARM (1.1% vs. 3.1%, P=.30), AAR (0.6% vs. 2.6%, P=.20) and aorta-related secondary intervention (17±2.8% vs. 19±3.8%) were both comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Aneurysm sac shrinkage at 1 year is frequent after FB-EVAR and is associated with improved patient survival, while sac enlargement affects only a minority of patients. The low incidences of ARM and AAR indicate that failure to regress may serve as a surrogate marker for non-aortic-related death.

Superior mesenteric artery-related outcomes in fenestrated/branched endografting for complex aortic aneurysms.

Aim: Early/follow-up durability of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stent-grafts is crucial after fenestrated/branched endografting (FB-EVAR) in complex abdominal aortic aneurysms (CAAAs) and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). The study aimed to report early/midterm outcomes of SMA incorporated during FB-EVAR procedures. Methods: FB-EVAR procedures performed between 2016 and 2021 in a single institution were reviewed. Anatomical SMA characteristics were analyzed. The SMA configuration was classified into three types according to the angle between the SMA main trunk and the aorta: (A) perpendicular, (B) downward, and (C) upward. SMA-related technical success (SMA-TS: cannulation and stenting, patency at completion angiography without endoleak, stenosis/kinking, dissection, bleeding, and 24-h mortality) and SMA-adverse events (SMA-AEs: one among bowel ischemia, stenosis, occlusion, endoleak, reinterventions, or SMA-related mortality) were assessed. Results: Two hundred FB-EVAR procedures with SMA as the target artery were performed. The indication for FB-EVAR was CAAAs and TAAAs in 99 (49%) and 101 (51%) cases, respectively. The SMA configuration was A, B, and C in 132 (66%), 63 (31%), and 5 (3%) cases, respectively. SMA was incorporated with fenestrations and branches in 131 (66%) and 69 (34%) cases, respectively. Directional branch (P < .001), aortic diameter ≥35 mm at the SMA level (P < .001), and ≥2 SMA bridging stent-grafts (P = .001) were more frequent in TAAAs. Relining of the SMA stent-graft with a bare metal stent was necessary in 41 (21%) cases to correct an acute angle between the stent-graft and native artery (39), stent-graft stenosis (1), or SMA dissection (1). Relining was associated with type A or C SMA configuration (OR: 17; 95% CI: 1.8-157.3; P = .01). SMA-TS was achieved in all cases. Overall, 15 (7.5%) patients had SMA-AEs [early: 9 (60%), follow-up: 6 (40%)] due to stenosis (2), endoleak (8), and bowel ischemia (5). Aortic diameter ≥35 mm at the SMA level was an independent risk factor for SMA-AEs (OR: 4; 95% CI: 1.4-13.8; P = .01). Fourteen (7%) patients died during hospitalization with 10 (5%) events within the 30-postoperative day. Emergency cases (OR: 33; 95% CI: 5.7-191.3; P = .001), peripheral arterial occlusive disease (OR: 14; 95% CI: 2.3-88.8; P = .004), and bowel ischemia (OR: 41; 95% CI: 1.9-87.9; P = .01) were risk factors for 30-day/in-hospital mortality. The mean follow-up was 32 ± 24 months; estimated 3-year survival was 81%, with no case of late SMA-related mortality or occlusion. The estimated 3-year freedom from overall and SMA-related reinterventions was 74% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: SMA orientation determines the necessity of stent-graft relining. Aortic diameter ≥35 mm at the SMA level is a predictor of SMA-AEs. Nevertheless, SMA-related outcomes of FB-EVAR are satisfactory, with excellent technical success and promising clinical outcomes during the follow-up.

The basal to total insulin ratio in outpatients with diabetes on basal-bolus regimen.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the basal/total ratio of daily insulin dose (b/T) in outpatients with diabetes type 1 (DM1) and type 2 (DM2) on basal-bolus regimen, by investigating whether there is a relationship with HbA1c and episodes of hypoglycemia. METHODS: Multicentric, observational, cross-sectional study in Italy. Adult DM1 (n = 476) and DM2 (n = 541) outpatients, with eGFR >30 mL/min/1.73 m2, on a basal-bolus regimen for at least six months, were recruited from 31 Italian Diabetes services between March and September 2016. Clinicaltrials.govID: NCT03489031. RESULTS: Total daily insulin dose was significantly higher in DM2 patients (52.3 ± 22.5 vs. 46 ± 20.9 U/day), but this difference disappeared when insulin doses were normalized for body weight. The b/T ratio was lower than 0.50 in both groups: 0.46 ± 0.14 in DM1 and 0.43 ± 0.15 in DM2 patients (p = 0.0011). The b/T was significantly higher in the patients taking metformin in both groups, and significantly different according to the type of basal insulin (Degludec, 0.48 in DM1 and 0.44 in DM2; Glargine, 0.44 in DM1 and 0.43 in DM2; Detemir, 0.45 in DM1 and 0.39 in DM2). The b/T ratio was not correlated in either group to HbA1c or incidence of hypoglycemia (<40 mg/dL, or requiring caregiver intervention, in the last three months). In the multivariate analysis, metformin use and age were independent predictors of the b/T ratio in both DM1 and DM2 patients, while the type of basal insulin was an independent predictor only in DM1. CONCLUSION: The b/T ratio was independent of glycemic control and incidence of hypoglycemia.

Correction to: The basal to total insulin ratio in outpatients with diabetes on basal-bolus regimen.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s40200-018-0358-2.].

Relationship between intrathyroid calcifications and thyroglobulin in endemic goiter.

Intrathyroid calcifications represent a common finding within simple or nodular goiters, but, as far as they can be found also inside papillary and medullary thyroid carcinomas, an ultrasonographic detection of intrathyroid calcifications stands as a different diagnosis problem. We have been looking for the presence of parameters associated with thyroid calcifications in patients affected by simple or nodular goiter, either sporadic or endemic. We studied 284 euthyroid subjects, 250 females, ageing from 24 to 90 years, affected by a simple goiter, in the 9.51% of the cases, and by a nodular goiter in the remaining part. 69.37% of the patients came from an endemic goiter area, while the others were affected by sporadic goiter. We tested fT3, fT4, TSH, hTG, Ab-TG, Ab-TPO and performed an ultrasonography in all the subjects, 57.75% of patients shown intrathyroid calcifications in the 57.75% of them. We applied a multistep discriminant analysis taking for the presence/absence of calcifications as dependent variable and we tried to find which variable, by itself or in combination with others, could foretell its presence. We also created a new variable (TG1) to differentiate normal from supraphysiologic concentrations of hTG (< 60 ng/ml). The variable with the highest significance F originated from endemic goiter area (F = 96.36), followed by TG1 (F = 24.46) and age (F = 10.61). On the contrary hTG did not relate to calcifications, due to non-proportionally direct relationship between these two parameters, afterwards we used the multistep logistic regression that gave overlapping significances. This means that supraphysiologic hTG rates are sufficient to predict the possible presence of intrathyroid calcifications. In conclusion, as far as a follicular hyperstimulation can be assumed, especially if long-lasting, the presence of intrathyroid calcifications should rise a clinical suspect toward an old goiter rather than a neoplastic lesion.

An immunohistochemical study of progesterone receptor in thyroidal Hürthle cells tumors.

Estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors are commonly represented on normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues, while a few data are available about their expression in Hürthle cells tumors. Seventeen patients who underwent thyroidectomy for a neoplasia that showed oxyphilic elements were studied by an immunohistochemical method and the presence of PgR in the 30% of them, was demonstrated, while no ER expression could be found. We tried, therefore, to establish a correlation between these proteins and age, sex or indexes of the supposed estro-progestinic concentration of our patients. None of these factors resulted significantly related to the receptors expression. Since PgR are expressed in the oxyphilic cells neoplasms, further studies on both ER, and PgR are needed in order to point out their possible biological importance.

Prevalencia de sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis en Rosario: estudio multicéntrico / The prevalence of the sensitivity to Blomia tropicalis in Rosario city: multicenters studies

Se evaluó la prevalencia de la sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis en pacientes con asma y/o rinitis que residen exclusivamente en la ciudad de Rosario,para valorar si existen diferencias entre la respuesta cutánea a cuerpo total y a partículas fecales y relacionar la misma con diferentes parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio. Se estudiaron 314 pacientes, 164 femeninos (52,2 por ciento) con edades entre 5 a 55 años (x 20,8 DS ñ 13,7). 87 pacientes presentaban solamente asma, 91 solamente rinitis y 136 ambas patologías. El estudio se realizó en 8 centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Rosario, 3 públicos y 5 privados, completando todos un cuestionario tipo y realizando la misma técnica de testificación con un extracto de idéntico origen (División de Alergia e Inmunología, University of South Florida, Tampa, U.S.A.). Se llevó a cabo prick test (SPT) a una concentración de 1/50 p/v de cuerpo total (ECT) de Blomia tropicalis y de partículas fecales (EPF) de la misma, comparando la pápula obtenida con cada extracto con la de la histamina y se consideró positivo un índice de histamina > 0,5. Además, cada centro, realizó SPT con una batería de aeroalergenos, considerando como positiva una pápula mayor de 5 mm. Se obtuvo un total de 280 (89,2 por ciento) pruebas cutáneas positivas para al menos un aeroalergenos. De los 314 individuos estudiados 224 (71,3 por ciento) resultaron positivos para el extracto de cuerpo total de B. tropicalis y 207 (66 por ciento) para el extracto de partículas fecales. Veinte (7,1 por ciento) de los 280 SPT "+" respondieron exclusivamente a Blomia tropicalis. La prevalencia de sensibilización a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus y/o Dermatophagoides farinae fue del 76,1 por ciento (239 pacientes) y la de otros neumoalergenos del 38,5 por ciento (121 pacientes). Confirmando un reporte previo, la prevalencia de sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis posee una relevancia casi tan importante como la de los ácaros Pyroglyphidos en la ciudad de Rosario. El análisis comparativo mostró que la sensibilidad a Blomia tropicalis es significativamente mayor en el grupo etario de 10 a 20 años (x²= 11,1 p<0,01), en los pacientes con una IgE total > 300 kU/l (x²=33,5 p<0,001) y en los pacientes con asma y rinitis (x²=14,4 p<0,001). Fué también significativa la diferencia entre el tamaño de la pápula del extracto de cuerpo de Blomia tropicalis y los distintos grupos etarios (x²=28,6 p<0,001) así como en el nivel de IgE total (x²=34,9 p<0,001). (AU)

Prevalencia de sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis en Rosario: estudio multicéntrico / The prevalence of the sensitivity to Blomia tropicalis in Rosario city: multicenters studies

Se evaluó la prevalencia de la sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis en pacientes con asma y/o rinitis que residen exclusivamente en la ciudad de Rosario,para valorar si existen diferencias entre la respuesta cutánea a cuerpo total y a partículas fecales y relacionar la misma con diferentes parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio. Se estudiaron 314 pacientes, 164 femeninos (52,2 por ciento) con edades entre 5 a 55 años (x 20,8 DS ñ 13,7). 87 pacientes presentaban solamente asma, 91 solamente rinitis y 136 ambas patologías. El estudio se realizó en 8 centros asistenciales de la ciudad de Rosario, 3 públicos y 5 privados, completando todos un cuestionario tipo y realizando la misma técnica de testificación con un extracto de idéntico origen (División de Alergia e Inmunología, University of South Florida, Tampa, U.S.A.). Se llevó a cabo prick test (SPT) a una concentración de 1/50 p/v de cuerpo total (ECT) de Blomia tropicalis y de partículas fecales (EPF) de la misma, comparando la pápula obtenida con cada extracto con la de la histamina y se consideró positivo un índice de histamina > 0,5. Además, cada centro, realizó SPT con una batería de aeroalergenos, considerando como positiva una pápula mayor de 5 mm. Se obtuvo un total de 280 (89,2 por ciento) pruebas cutáneas positivas para al menos un aeroalergenos. De los 314 individuos estudiados 224 (71,3 por ciento) resultaron positivos para el extracto de cuerpo total de B. tropicalis y 207 (66 por ciento) para el extracto de partículas fecales. Veinte (7,1 por ciento) de los 280 SPT "+" respondieron exclusivamente a Blomia tropicalis. La prevalencia de sensibilización a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus y/o Dermatophagoides farinae fue del 76,1 por ciento (239 pacientes) y la de otros neumoalergenos del 38,5 por ciento (121 pacientes). Confirmando un reporte previo, la prevalencia de sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis posee una relevancia casi tan importante como la de los ácaros Pyroglyphidos en la ciudad de Rosario. El análisis comparativo mostró que la sensibilidad a Blomia tropicalis es significativamente mayor en el grupo etario de 10 a 20 años (x²= 11,1 p<0,01), en los pacientes con una IgE total > 300 kU/l (x²=33,5 p<0,001) y en los pacientes con asma y rinitis (x²=14,4 p<0,001). Fué también significativa la diferencia entre el tamaño de la pápula del extracto de cuerpo de Blomia tropicalis y los distintos grupos etarios (x²=28,6 p<0,001) así como en el nivel de IgE total (x²=34,9 p<0,001).