Giant Hydronephrosis: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Giant hydronephrosis (GH), characterized by the presence of more than 1 L of fluid in the renal collecting system, is a rare urological condition, particularly in adults. Obstruction of the pyeloureteral junction is the most common cause of GH. We report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with dyspnea, edema of the lower limbs, and major abdominal distension. The patient was diagnosed with obstruction of the pyeloureteral junction, causing a left giant hydronephrotic kidney. After renal drainage of 27 L of urine, a laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed. GH usually manifests as asymptomatic abdominal distension or vague symptoms. However, very few published reports describe cases of GH initially presenting with respiratory and vascular manifestations.

Case Report of Bifid Ureter with a Blind Ending: Surgical Laparoscopic Management.

BACKGROUND The blind-ending branch of a bifid ureter is a rare congenital anomaly which is usually asymptomatic but can occasionally give rise to various symptoms, such as chronic abdominal pain. Diagnosis is most often confirmed radiologically, and treatment is usually conservative. Surgical resection of the blind ending of a bifid ureter should be considered in cases of persistent symptoms. CASE REPORT A female patient of 49 years of age presented with intermittent right lumbar pain, repetitive urinary infections and microscopic hematuria. We present here the diagnostic work-up of the case, leading to the identification of the existence of ureteral bifidity located at the lower third of the ureter and of a blind ending of the bifid ureter. Several regimens of various antibiotics failed to resolve the symptoms. It was decided to carry out a laparoscopic resection of the blind ending of the bifid ureter. We describe the practical procedures of the surgical operation and discuss briefly the embryological etiology and the physiopathology of the condition as well as the principal diagnostic modalities. Since the surgery, the patient has been symptom-free. CONCLUSIONS Despite being usually asymptomatic, the rare congenital anomaly of a bifid ureter with a blind ending can occasionally give rise to symptoms such as recurrent infections and persistent abdominal pain. Laparoscopic-based resection of the blind ending should be considered in such cases.

Laparoscopic resection of a leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle.

We present a case of a leiomyoma of the seminal vesicle that occurred in a 52-year-old man who presented with symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. Prostate-specific antigen was within normal limit. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a mass in the patient's right seminal vesicle. Laparoscopic excision of the seminal vesicle tumor was performed successfully. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the fourth postoperative day.