ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Cerebral ischemia is one of the main causes of long term disability and death in aged populations. Many herbal drugs and extracts have been used for the treatment of cerebral ischemia induced insults. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of Semelil (ANGIPARS™), a new herbal drug, on focal cerebral ischemia in male rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MALE RATS WERE DIVIDED INTO FIVE GROUPS: sham-operated, ischemic animals treated with distilled water as vehicle, ischemic animals treated with 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg of Semilil respectively. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used in NMRI rats and neuronal injury analyzed in hippocampal CA1 sector after 48 hrs of Middle Cerebral Artery (MCAO). RESULTS: Results of this study showed that treatment with semelil attenuated ischemic damages and has positive effects on focal cerebral ischemia.
ABSTRACT
An assay has been developed to analyse cell surface properties using agarose beads derivatized with amino acids, sugars, proteins, and other molecules. The assay is simple and rapid and is useful to identify new cell surface markers. Various species and strains of yeast, paramecium, and Euglena were tested for their ability to bind to over 100 types of derivatized beads. A variety of specificity studies were performed in order to understand the nature of cell-bead binding. Our results indicate that cell-bead binding is often specific enough to distinguish between configurational isomers and spacer sizes and can be blocked by addition of specific molecules to the incubation medium. In some cases, different species or strains differed only by their binding to a single bead type. This simple and rapid assay may help to uncover new cell surface receptors and may lead to the development of clinically useful compounds for therapeutic applications.
Subject(s)
Cell Membrane/metabolism , Sepharose/metabolism , Amino Acids/metabolism , Animals , Carbohydrate Metabolism , Cell Adhesion , Euglena gracilis/metabolism , Euglena gracilis/ultrastructure , Lectins/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Microspheres , Molecular Conformation , Paramecium/metabolism , Paramecium/ultrastructure , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultrastructure , Sensitivity and Specificity , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
Agarose beads derivatized with amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates and lectins were used to systematically determine what types of molecules, isolated from all others, can make adhesive bonds strong enough to hold cell-like beads together. The results indicated that strong adhesion occurred when at least one of the two members of certain bead pairs was derivatized with molecules that were dimers or trimers but not monomers. Also, beads derivatized with phosphorylated amino acids, but not their non-phosphorylated counterparts, adhered to beads derivatized with positively charged peptides. Adhesion was sensitive to ionic strength and pH of the medium. It was proposed that adhesion occurred between the phosphate groups of the phosphoamino acids and amino and guanidinium groups of the peptides. Cooperative bonding can explain the stability of the adhesion observed in this system. Information gained from the bead modeling work was used to design experiments to examine the role of phosphorylated molecules in modulating adhesion in sea urchin systems. Phosphoamino acids inhibited sperm-egg interaction, but not reaggregation of blastula cells. Inhibitors of alkaline phosphatase, however, did inhibit reaggregation. The results suggest that cell surface phosphorylated molecules may modulate cellular adhesiveness, in some systems promoting, while in others inhibiting adhesion.
Subject(s)
Amino Acids/metabolism , Cell Adhesion/physiology , Lectins/metabolism , Peptides/metabolism , Sepharose/chemistry , Amino Acids/pharmacology , Animals , Binding Sites , Fertilization/drug effects , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Models, Biological , Ovum/drug effects , Ovum/physiology , Phosphorylation , Sea Urchins/physiology , Vitelline Membrane/drug effectsABSTRACT
The ocular clinicopathologic features of this unique patient were congenital stationary night blindness, drusen of the optic nerve head, cilioretinal artery, intraretinal pigmented lesion, and branch retinal vein occlusion. Photocoagulation therapy led to total disappearance of the neovascular tissue, clinically and histopathologically. Histopathologic examination showed an occluded branch vein associated with a sclerotic retinal arteriole. Peripheral to the site of venous occlusion, inner ischemic retinal atrophy was present. The normal complement of rod and cone photoreceptors supports the view that the night blindness in this case was an abnormality in the neural transmission and not on a morphological basis. The pigmented intraretinal lesion proved to be a localized area of retinal and choroidal neovascularization with anastomosis and secondary retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia. This lesion was identical to Fuchs' dot of myopia but out patient was hyperopic.
