ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: i) To investigate the subtle ToM (theory of mind) deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. ii) To investigate the impact of non-ToM cognitive deficits on ToM abilities. METHOD: Forty-three euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 30 healthy control subjects were involved in this study. ToM was assessed by the Eyes test and the Hinting task. Both groups were also evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery including tasks for basic emotion and face recognition. RESULTS: The patient group was impaired on both of the ToM tasks. The patient group also showed impairment in many cognitive tasks including tasks related to sustained attention. CONCLUSION: Even euthymic patients with bipolar disorder may be impaired in advanced ToM tasks. Executive dysfunction and some other cognitives deficits such as basic emotion recognition may be at least partly responsible for this result.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data , Social Perception , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Attention/physiology , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Cognition Disorders/complications , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Emotions/physiology , Face , Female , Humans , Male , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The beta 2-Mg (beta 2-microglobulin) and GAG (glycosaminogyclan) excretions in 107 patients with bipolar disorder who had been on lithium treatment for 1-15 years were compared with 29 matched psychiatric control patients. 24-h urine volume, urine beta 2-Mg, GAG values were significantly higher, and maximal urinary osmolality was significantly lower in patients on lithium than in controls. No relationship was found between creatinine clearances and duration of illness, duration of lithium treatment and daily lithium dosages. Duration of lithium treatment was not related to the concentrating capacity. The beta 2-Mg excretion rates were significantly higher in patients with manifest polyuria and with severe concentration defect.
Subject(s)
Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy , Kidney Function Tests , Lithium Chloride/adverse effects , Polyuria/chemically induced , Adult , Basement Membrane/drug effects , Bipolar Disorder/urine , Creatinine/urine , Female , Glomerular Filtration Rate/drug effects , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Humans , Kidney Concentrating Ability/drug effects , Kidney Glomerulus/drug effects , Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects , Lithium Chloride/administration & dosage , Long-Term Care , Male , Middle Aged , Polyuria/urine , beta 2-Microglobulin/urineABSTRACT
In this study Lewis and ABO-Rh blood group systems were investigated in forty patients with bipolar affective disorder and forty healthy control subjects. The results were discussed in view of the literature.