The roughness of deciduous dentin surface and shear bond strength of glass ionomers in the treatment with four minimally invasive techniques.

The concept of minimally invasive technique in dentistry emphasizes conservative strategies in the management of caries, which results in less destruction of healthy tooth structure. The use of different techniques seems to interfere in the roughness of dentin and the mechanisms of adhesion with the restorative material. This study characterized the roughness of deciduous dentin surface treated with four minimally invasive techniques using profilometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); moreover, shear bond strength of Vitremer™ glass ionomer was determined. Samples were divided into four groups: G1_CB carbide bur, G2_PB polymer bur, G3_C Carisolv™, and G4_AA air abrasive. No differences were found between groups before and after treatment in the roughness. Samples treated with a carbide bur presented a smear layer; smart bur surface exhibited the remains of the material; G3_C Carisolv™ showed a rough surface, and air abrasive presented particle traces. Concerning the shear bond strength of Vitremer™ glass ionomer were not found differences after treatment (p > 0.05). It is concluded that roughness showed characteristic patterns derived from the technique used and the shear bond strength is not significantly affected after using any minimally invasive method.

Adaptación y validación de un instrumento con la metodología SERVQUAL en clínicas de docencia y servicios estomatológicos / Adaptation and validation of an instrument with SERVQUAL methodology in teaching clinics and stomatological services

Resumen: Objetivo: Adaptar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la calidad, en las clínicas de docencia y Servicio de Estomatología con la metodología SERVQUAL. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y prospectivo validado con una alfa de Cronbach. Se diseñó un instrumento con la metodología de SERVQUAL de Parasuraman, Zeithaml y Berry (P, Z y B) aplicándose a una muestra aleatoria estratificada constituida por 400 pacientes de las clínicas de docencia y servicio de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). Para su elaboración se tomaron en cuenta las cinco dimensiones propuestas por los autores: tangibilidad, fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad y empatía. Resultados: El instrumento reportó una validez clasificable como excelente de acuerdo (criterios de George y Mallery) con un valor alfa de Cronbach de 0.967 para la primera parte del instrumento correspondiente a «expectativas¼ y la segunda parte correspondiente a «percepciones¼ con 0.923. Discusión: Derivado de la validación a través del análisis factorial y los altos índices obtenidos con el índice del alfa de Cronbach ambas partes del instrumento permanecieron sin cambio. Conclusiones: En los servicios de salud existen un gran número de instrumentos validados para identificar el grado de satisfacción, sin embargo, cada instrumento debe identificar y ubicar en cada una de las dimensiones del modelo seleccionando los procesos realizados en los servicios a evaluar para obtener resultados objetivos. La confiablidad, validez y aplicabilidad del instrumento cumplió con esas expectativas.

Abstract: Objective: Adaptation and validation of an instrument designed to evaluate quality in teaching clinics and stomatological services with SERVQUAL methodology. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional observational and prospective study validated with alpha Cronbach coefficient. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (P, Z and B) designed an instrument with SERVQUAL methodology; it was applied to a stratified, randomized sample composed of 400 patients coming from teaching clinics and services of the Emeritum Autonomous University of Puebla (BUAP). For manufacture of said sample the following five dimensions proposed by authors were taken into account: tangibility, reliability, response capacity, security and empathy. Results: Instrument reported validity classifiable as excellent, according to an 0.967 alpha Cronbach value for the first part of the instrument corresponding to «expectations¼, the second part corresponding to «perceptions¼ rated 0.923. Discussion: Derived from validation through factorial analysis and high indexes obtained with alpha Cronbach index, both parts of the instrument remained without changes. Conclusions: Within the sphere of health services there is a great number of instruments validated to identify the level of satisfaction, nevertheless, each instrument must identify and locate within the dimensions of the selected model processes conducted in services to be evaluated, in order to obtain objective results. Reliability, validity and applicability of the instrument met with aforementioned expectations.

Effect of orthodontic treatment involving first premolar extractions on mandibular third molar angulation and retromolar space.

BACKGROUND: Third molars present more problems than other teeth because they are the last teeth to erupt, and so it is important to assess their development when designing an orthodontic treatment plan. The aim of this study was to compare the angulation of the mandibular third molar and retromolar space before and after orthodontic treatment in cases involving first premolar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 76 patients, 59 women (77.63%) and 17 men (22.36%), were recruited from the Orthodontics Clinic at Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (Mexico). Panoramic radiographs were analyzed before and after orthodontic treatment that included first premolar extractions, measuring retromolar space (RS) and the angles formed by the intersection of the axes of the third and second molar (α) and the intersection of the axis of the mandibular plane and third molar (ß). RESULTS: The data obtained underwent statistical analysis. The angle α and ß showed statistically significant differences on the left side in women. In men, only the right side α angle showed significant differences. Retromolar space increased significantly on both sides for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Third molar angulation presents different behaviors between men and women, with greater verticalization in women. Key words:Third molar, retromolar space, orthodontics.

Características de los Canales Radiculares de Molares Temporales / Characteristics of Roots Canals of Deciduous Teeth

El objetivo de esta investigacion fue identificar en los canales radiculares de la dentición temporal las variantes anatómicas de la cavidad dentaria pulpar. Se realizó un estudio clínico, descriptivo, transversal ex vivo, que analizó una muestra de 60 dientes temporales pertenecientes a niños mexicanos aparentemente sanos, cuya extracción se indicó por motivos terapéuticos. Los dientes fueron almacenados en agua destilada y posteriormente diafanizados. La identificación de canales radiculares se realizó por un solo observador durante dos ocasiones (k= 0,7947). Los dientes unirradiculares presentaron 50% de canales simples y laterales, 25% secundarios y 25% deltas. Los molares maxilares presentaron un 8% de canales simples en cada raíz, mientras que los molares mandibulares un 29%. Canales secundarios, paralelos y recurrentes se observaron en el 33% de los molares. El 100% de las raíces distales de molares mandibulares presentaron canales reticulares. Las fusiones radiculares se presentan en el 88% de las molares mandibulares. La anatomía de los canales radiculares de la dentición temporal es altamente compleja.

The aim of this study was to identify in roots canals of deciduous teeth anatomical variants in pulpar cavity. In a clinical, descriptive, cross sectional ex vivo study was analyzed a sample of 60 deciduous teeth of healthy Mexican children. Each tooth was conserved in distillated water and were transparency with a technic modified for deciduous teeth. Identifications of root canals was made twice by a lonely observant (k= 0.7947). Simple root teeth show 50% simple and lateral root canal, 25% secondary, 25% delta. Upper molars show 8% simple canal in each root. Lower molars 29%. Secondary root canals, parallel and recurrent were identified in 33% of cases. 100% of distal roots of lower molars have reticular canals. Root fusions are presents in 88% of lower molars. In conclusion, root canals anatomy of deciduous teeth is high complex.

Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales / Features of other shapes of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars

En la literatura existen reportes sobre las diversas formas de las fosas y fisuras demolares permanentes y premolares. Se conocen las características de éstas y se da por hecho que las estructuras dentales son semejantes en ambas denticiones. Por lo que es necesario abordar el estudio de las características del esmalte de la dentición temporal. Objetivo: Cuantificar la frecuencia de cada forma y profundidad de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales de la clasificación de Nagano. Material y métodos: En un estudio observacional descriptivo ex vivo se analizó una muestra obenida por donación de 101 cortes correspondientes a 67 coronas de molares temporales sin cariesconservadas en agua destilada, pertenecientes a niños mexicanos aparentemente sanos. Las va riables forma y profundidad se identificaron al microscopio estereoscópico por un solo observador (k=.8624). El grosor de los cortes obtenidos por el método de desgaste midieron en promedio 5mm. Resultados: El 28.71% de las fosas y fisuras identificadas corresponden al grupo 5 Características de las “otras formas” de Nagano de fosas y fisuras de molares temporales Features of “other shapes” of Nagano of pit and fissures in primary molars Artículo Original Esther Vaillard Jiménez 1 Enrique E.Huitzil Muñoz Aída Ortega Cambranis 3 S. Abril García Damián 41 Maestra en Estomatología Pediátrica. FEBUAP (México) 2 Maestro en Educación Superior. FEBUAP (México) 3 Maestra en Fisiología. FEBUAP (México) 4 Alumna egresada de la Maestría en C’s estomatológicas en Pediátrica Facultad de Estomatología de la Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla.

In literature there are reports on the various forms of pits and fissures of permanent molars and pre molars. Their characteristics are known and it is assumed that dental structures are similar in both dentitions. So it is necessary to approach the study of the characteristics of the enamel in primary teeth. Objective: to quantify the frequency of each shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars under the Nagano classification. Material and methods: in an ex vivo observational study a sample obtained by donation of 101 courts to 67 crowns for primary molars without decay preserved in distilled ware is analyzed, this sample belongs to Mexican children with an apparent healthy shape and depth, variables were identified under the stereomicroscope by a single observer (k=8624) The thickness of the slices obtained by the method of wear measured on average o.5 mm. Results: 28.71% of the pits and fissures identified relate to group 5 Nagano. Forms were recognized: flask=4.95%, II=3.96% =3.96 Globe, drop= 3.96% = 2.97%inverted Y, delta = 2.97% and trilobulada= 2.97% zone. According to the depth were identified as medium depth = 48.51%. Deep and surface = 33.66 = 17.82%. Conclusion: There is great variety in the shape and depth of pits and fissures of molars enamel. The high percentage of undescribed forms by Nagano proves to be addressed as a research problem of morph-histological characteristics of the primary dentition.

[A comparative study between two different technics for retention the pit and fissure sealants]. / Dos técnicas para la retención de selladores dentales.

BACKGROUND: Almost everyone on the planet has suffered dental caries. It is why dental caries are considered a public health problem. The anticariogenic efficacy of dental sealants for pits and fissures is related to their retention. Air abrasion and acid etching are two current techniques for applying pit and fissure sealants. Our objective was to compare the efficiency of retention a pit and fissure sealant in primary dental organs pre-conditioned with acid etching and air abrasion. METHODS: A descriptive, comparative study was conducted in 40 primary dental organs randomly divided into two groups for conditioning the enamel with one or the other technique. Sealants and double-standard mesh for brackets with double ligatures were applied to test shear bond strength with an Inströn testing machine. Student's t-test was used to compare the shear-peel bond strength exerted by the two techniques. RESULTS: The average traction tolerated in the group treated with air abrasion was 2.62 kgf, and in the group treated with acid etching was 3.55 kgf, with statistically significant differences (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Acid etching demonstrated greater efficiency than air abrasion for retention of dental sealant for small pits and fissures in primary teeth.