Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Therapy on Functional Mobility in Children With Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy.

Background  A set of non-progressive brain abnormalities and nervous system dysfunctions are referred to as cerebral palsy (CP). Due to this, the child's mobility, eyesight, learning, and thought processes are affected. It can evolve before, through birth, or the first year of a child's life. The activity through which the brain organizes and analyses external sensations like touch, motion, body awareness, vision, hearing, and gravity is indicated as sensory integration. The use of sensory integration therapy (SIT) necessitates that the sensorimotor exercises target the specific parts of difficulties that the child experiences daily. This study aims to study the effectiveness of SIT on functional mobility in children with spastic diplegic CP. Methods In this study, 40 children of CP with spastic diplegic who met the inclusion and exclusion criterion were enlisted and were separated into two groups, with Group A (n=20) receiving SIT for 25 minutes along with conventional physiotherapy for 20 minutes, and Group B (n=20) were given conventional physiotherapy for 45 minutes. A four-week therapy plan was followed. Short sensory profile (SSP) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Pediatric mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and Modified Ashworth Scale were taken as outcome measures. Results SIT along with traditional treatment is described in the study protocol which aids CP children to improve themselves. Following a four-week protocol, combined therapy of SIT and conventional physiotherapy show an effect on the motor function of the children. After therapy, scores in GMFCS and SSP improved. By using Student's paired t-test, a statistically significant difference was found in GMFCS score at pre and post-test treatment in group A (7.28, p=0.0001) and group B (4.48, p=0.0001), in SSP score at pre and post-test treatment in group A (27.91, p=0.0001) and group B (11.31, p=0.0001), in MMSE score at pre- and post-test treatment in group A (6.89, p=0.0001) and group B (6.32, p=0.0001). The significance threshold was p<0.0001. Conclusion Under the study's experimental conditions, both groups showed substantial improvements in the functional mobility of children. When the efficacy of SIT along with conventional physiotherapy was examined, the impact resulted in a significantly greater improvement in the functional mobility of spastic diplegic CP children.

Matrix Rhythm Therapy (MRT) Along With Conventional Physiotherapy Proves to Be Beneficial in a Patient With Post-Operative Knee Stiffness in Case of Tibia-Fibula Fracture: A Case Report.

Open fractures of the lower extremities are much more serious as compared to those of the upper extremities. Open fractures occur when the damaged bone is exposed to the external environment through injured soft tissue, increasing the risk of infection. The distal tibia can be fractured by a low-energy mechanism, such as rotational strain or perhaps a high-energy mechanism, such as motor vehicle accidents or falls from high altitudes. This case report is of a male individual who underwent an accident that led to a midshaft tibia and fibula fracture with lateral malleolus fracture. For that, he was operated on with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with interlock nailing for a fracture of the tibia on the right side. A thorough physiotherapy protocol was set, which included matrix rhythm therapy (MRT), and improvements were seen in the outcome measures taken. The course of therapy improved the patient's state of well-being. Functional re-education increased the strength and endurance of the muscles. The patient also developed lower limb strength.

Impact of Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation Therapy Along With Conventional Physiotherapy in a Case of Vestibular Schwannoma With CP Angle Tumor: A Case Report.

Vestibular Schwannoma forms in Schwann cells which cover the vestibular nerve, often in the internal auditory canal. Symptoms were likely present before the excision of the tumor. After the excision of the tumor, symptoms may include, hearing defects, tinnitus, facial muscle abnormalities, headache, and balance impairments. This case report is of a female patient with vestibular schwannoma, who had a few above-mentioned symptoms after the surgery. Her physiotherapy protocol included Vestibular and Balance Rehabilitation Therapy along with Conventional Physiotherapy. Also, facial proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) was a part of her treatment. The outcome measures used to rule out the results were the motion sensitivity quotient (MSQ) and the Berg balance scale (BBS). Improvement of symptoms is likely related to the excision of the tumor and the therapy program. The person's balance and coordination improved as a result of the rehabilitation protocol, and she was able to do her regular tasks with minimal assistance. Her standard of living was also enhanced.

Review of Sensory Integration Therapy for Children With Cerebral Palsy.

Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a group of non-progressive brain disorders. Several different approaches are used to treat cerebral palsy children like neurodevelopmental therapy (NDT), sensory integration therapy (SIT), and hippotherapy. Sensory integration therapy is a clinically based approach that places an emphasis on the relationship between the therapist and the child and uses play-based sensory and motor activities to encourage analysis and integration. SIT seems to offer a lot of therapeutic prospects. It uses various interventions. According to sensory integration therapists, some impacts of SIT include an improved ability to concentrate in academic, therapeutic, and social settings. Sensory integration treatment is successful in enhancing gait, balance, and gross motor function.

Goal-Oriented Physiotherapy Protocol of a 55-Year Male With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue: A Case Report.

Although oral cancer is well-known, the occurrence rate of the disease varies greatly globally. Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, which frequently starts in the lateral tongue, is the most common kind of oral cancer. In this instance, a male patient was found to have squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and had undergone surgery. Following any surgical treatment of the tongue, discomfort, septicemia, difficulty eating, and speech issues are the most common oral consequences. His chief complaints were pain and difficulty in mouth opening. He also had the inability to move his tongue, which made talking and swallowing difficult. He had a history of chewing tobacco and smoking cigarettes for the past 15 years. A physiotherapy program was advised to the patient to reduce his symptoms, which included mouth-opening exercises, swallowing exercises, etc. The case's findings indicate that, when compared to the outcome measures, all objectives were met, and the patient improved in his activities of daily living.

Small peptide inhibitor from the sequence of RUNX3 disrupts PAK1-RUNX3 interaction and abrogates its phosphorylation-dependent oncogenic function.

P21 Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1) is an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase known to play a significant role in the regulation of cytoskeleton and cell morphology. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) was initially known for its tumor suppressor function, but recent studies have reported the oncogenic role of RUNX3 in various cancers. Previous findings from our laboratory provided evidence that Threonine 209 phosphorylation of RUNX3 acts as a molecular switch in dictating the tissue-specific dualistic functions of RUNX3 for the first time. Based on these proofs and to explore the translational significance of these findings, we designed a small peptide (RMR) from the protein sequence of RUNX3 flanking the Threonine 209 phosphorylation site. The selection of this specific peptide from multiple possible peptides was based on their binding energies, hydrogen bonding, docking efficiency with the active site of PAK1 and their ability to displace PAK1-RUNX3 interaction in our prediction models. We found that this peptide is stable both in in vitro and in vivo conditions, not toxic to normal cells and inhibits the Threonine 209 phosphorylation in RUNX3 by PAK1. We also tested the efficacy of this peptide to block the RUNX3 Threonine 209 phosphorylation mediated tumorigenic functions in in vitro cell culture models, patient-derived explant (PDE) models and in in vivo tumor xenograft models. These results proved that this peptide has the potential to be developed as an efficient therapeutic molecule for targeting RUNX3 Threonine 209 phosphorylation-dependent tumor phenotypes.

Potential application of immobilized streptokinase extracted from Streptococcus equinus VIT_VB2.

Streptokinase purified from Streptococcus equinus VIT_VB2 isolated from bovine milk sample was immobilized in various solid supports namely entrapment in agarose gel, calcium alginate beads and gelatin gel by cross-linking with formaldehyde. Immobilization of streptokinase in calcium alginate beads showed maximum efficiency (81.8 ± 1.06%) when compared with entrapment with agarose gel (55.6 ± 2.17%) and cross-linked gelatin formaldehyde gel (71.0 ± 1.54%). The purified SK activity was expressed maximum in calcium alginate (1%) and gelatin gel (0.25%) with 1292.68 ± 1.33 and 1121.9 ± 1.2 U mL-1, respectively. Similarly, SK entrapped in gelatin gel and calcium alginate showed maximum in vitro blood clot lysis activity with 77.67 ± 2.64% and 76.16 ± 2.72%, respectively. The immobilized SK in gelatin gel showed complete clot lysis within 15 min; hence, this application of the study could be used in the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis, phlebitis, and venous thrombosis. These beads were used for three repeated cycles to check the conversion of substrates into their products, and we concluded that SK can be immobilized in the suitable matrices. Therefore, this helps in the drug-delivery strategies in highly efficient way, moreover, economically competent process in the pharmaceutics.

Evaluation on clot buster activity of staphylokinase from Staphylococcus sp.

Thrombolytic agents play a major role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Streptokinase is the prominently commercialized thrombolytic drug used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The later studies on staphylokinase (SaK) showed promising results as an alternative fibrinolytic drug. The present study explores the isolation, production and purification of SaK producing Staphylococcus sp. from milk samples. The potent isolate MSA4 of Staphylococcus sp. was selected for production and purification of SaK. The total activity and specific activity of purified staphylokinase was found to be 1266 IU mL(-1) and 815.5 IU mg(-1), respectively. The partially purified enzyme was lysed the euglobulin clot completely within 18 h of incubation and the purified enzyme showed 79% of blood clot lysis activity.

Studies on growth kinetics of Serratia marcescens VITSD2 and optimization of fermentation conditions for serratiopeptidase production.

Serratia is one of the most important groups of bacteria which produces proteolytic enzymes effectively and known to possess anti- inflammatory properties. The main focus of the current study was to optimize the culture conditions of Serratia marcescens VITSD2 for the mass production of serratiopeptidase. Effect of various nutritional and environmental factors were analysed and optimized. Among the different carbon and nitrogen sources tested, mannose and soya bean meal was found to be the best with enzyme activity of 1391 units /mL and 1800 U/mL respectively. The enzyme showed an optimum activity of 1668 U/mL at pH-8 and 1500 U/mL at 25ºC. Maximum peptidase production during fermentation was obtained after 24 h incubation with 1% inoculum in the medium at 25ºC and yielded 1668 U/mL. Lysine stimulated the production of peptidase and the yield obtained was 2410U/mL. Growth curve analysis was done. Maximum serratiopeptidase production was detected after 24 h incubation with 2155 units/mL and cell density of 2.4g/100mL. Hence the observation of the present study clearly indicates that the yield of Serratiopeptidase was found to be maximum by varying the cultural conditions.