ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Low-income individuals who are eligible for nutrition assistance have been shown to consume a larger portion of their daily calories from beverages with added sugar. We examined the association between Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation and self-reported sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption as well as the association between self-reported consumption of SSBs and overweight/obesity in low-income children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of 1455 SNAP-eligible U.S. children, ages 2-17, who completed a questionnaire and physical examination during the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). RESULTS: SNAP-eligible children who received SNAP in the last month were more likely to drink soda in the last month [76.0% (2.2)] than those who did not receive benefits [70.5% (2.8)]. These children were also more likely to drink fruit drinks [74.8% (1.6) vs. 69.3% (3.1)]. Among youth in households receiving SNAP benefits, soda consumption in the past month was associated with a greater risk of obesity, particularly Hispanic youth [OR=1.93 (1.07, 3.50), p=0.0314] aged 2-5 [OR=2.71 (1.29, 5.69), p=0.0114]. Additionally, among youth in households receiving SNAP benefits, male children who consumed sugar-sweetened fruit drinks in the past month were significantly more likely to be overweight [3.13 (1.12, 8.73), p=0.0315] as compared to male peers who did not consume any sugar sweetened fruit drinks. CONCLUSION: Among youth, SNAP recipients drink more SSBs than their eligible non-recipient peers. Our results indicate that certain populations of children receiving SNAP benefits and consuming SSBs are more likely to be overweight or obese when compared to their peers who receive SNAP benefits but do not consume SSBs.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior , Child Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Food Assistance , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages/adverse effects , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , Male , Nutrition Surveys , Nutritional Status , Pediatric Obesity/diagnosis , Pediatric Obesity/physiopathology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , United States/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), patients with diabetes should receive annual foot exams from a HCP to identify and reduce risk factors for ulcers and other complications. Little is known regarding factors that may increase or decrease the likelihood of having an annual foot examination by a health care provider (HCP). METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis of 1830 patients age 20 years and older with a previous diagnosis of diabetes. Patients selected for inclusion in NHANES receive an in-home interview and then undergo a comprehensive physical at a CDC mobile examination center. The adjusted odds ratios for a patient having received a foot exam from a HCP in the past year were conducted using appropriate weighting variables assessed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Both Hispanic Americans with diabetes [aOR 0.62 (0.47, 0.82)] and Asian Americans with diabetes [aOR 0.65 (0.44, 0.97)] were significantly less likely to have had a foot exam by a HCP in the last year, when compared to non-Hispanic White Americans. CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans with diabetes were significantly less likely to have had a foot exam by a HCP in the last year.
