[Basal blood level of thyroxine in diabetes mellitus patients]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo na tiroksina pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

An insignificant lower mean blood level of T4 in diabetics versus healthy subjects was established on the base of the studies performed to 136 patients with diabetes mellitus. The slight tendency to decrease of T4 showed no dependence on sex, age, light bi-directional deviations from the standard body mass, duration and type of diabetes and differences in the drug treatment. The dependence between glycemia and blood thyroxine is poor. The lower level of blood thyroxine in the patients with nephropathy is very likely, a sequela of the existing nephropathy. A tendency to normalization of T4 blood level was observed with the compensation of diabetes.

[Comparative research on the basal blood level of contrainsular hormones in diabetics with compensated and subcompensated nephropathy]. / Sravnitelni prouchvaniia vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo na kontrainsularnite khormoni pri diabetitsi s kompensirana i subkompensirana nefropattia.

The blood levels of II contrainsular hormones were studied in patients with diabetes mellitus, with compensated and subcompensated nephropathy. No significant difference in both subgroups was established in any of the hormones. Those data suggest that the changes, established by us, in the blood levels of the hormones studied resulted from the changes in their secretion, and not from the changes in their renal elimination due to the existing light renal insufficiency in some of them. On the other hand, the existing light renal insufficiency in the diabetics should not be the reason for avoiding examinations and reserve to the results obtained from the hormonal dosage, when it is necessary.

[Interrelations of blood levels of contrainsular hormones and titers of insulin antibodies in diabetics treated with insulin]. / Vzaimootnosheniia mezhdu kruvnite niva na kontrainsularnite khormoni i titura na insulinovite antitela pri diabetitsi, lekuvani s insulin.

According to literature data, the hormones are one of the factors, affecting immunogenesis. On the other hand, the factors and mechanisms, related to insulin-antibody formation, are not sufficiently elucidated in diabetics, insulin-treated. The relationships between the changes of a broad spectrum of contrainsular hormones and those of immunoglobulins were studied in that aspect. A low correlation relationship was established between them.

[Effect of compensation on the basal blood level of contrainsular hormones in diabetics]. / Vliianie na kompensatsiiata vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo ot kontrainsularnite khormoni pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

The effect of the compensation of diabetes on the basal level of II contrainsular hormones was studied. Some of the hormonal deviations were completely normalized with the compensation of the diabetes, another part showed values closer to those of the healthy, and only a quarter of the hormones studied--showed no essential dynamics in their levels. The tendency to normalization of the established hormonal changes was more distinct in case of more accurately selected criteria of compensation, justifying the effort at optimal compensation of diabetes. The results obtained suggested that the hormonal deviations had a reactive character.

[Comparative studies on the basal blood levels of contrainsular hormones in diabetics with and without retinopathy]. / Sravnitelni prouchvania vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo na kontrainsularnite khormoni pri diabetitsi sus i bez retinopatiia.

Comparative studies on the basal blood level of II contrainsular hormones have been carried out in patients with diabetes mellitus in subgroups with present, absent resp. retinopathy. The presence of diabetic retinopathy was established to be accompanied by the reduction of T3 and serotonin, whereas its absence was accompanied with the increase of TTH. The elucidation of the significance of the hormonal discrepancies established for the pathogenesis of retinopathy requires additional studies.

[Urinary catecholamines in normal-weight and overweight diabetics]. / Urinni katekholamini pri diabet s normalno i nadnormeno teglo.

The 24-h urine excretion of free, conjugated and total fraction of Dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was studied in diabetics with normal weight and overweight. A tendency to lower excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine was established in diabetics with overweight as well as a tendency to reverse correlation between overweight and urine excretion of catecholamines. On the base of the so called synthesis and degradation coefficients, the possibility the changes established in the diabetics with overweight to be due to reduced synthesis of dopamine and noradrenaline is discussed. A presumption is presented about the possible causative relation between the reduction of catecholamine excretion and overweight in diabetics.

[Immunoglobulins and diabetic microangiopathy]. / Imunoglobulini i diabetna mikroangiopatiia.

Blood level of immunoglobulins A, M and G were studied in 166 diabetics with present or absent microangiopathy. Regardless of the significant elevation of IgA and IgG, for the whole group, reduction of IgM respectively, no significant difference was established in their level among the subgroup with present or absent retino- and nephropathy as well as among those with proliferative and non-proliferative retinopathy.

[Relation between blood levels of immunoglobulins A, M and G and anti-insulin hormones in diabetics]. / Vzaimootnosheniia mezhdu kruvnite niva na imunoglobulinite A, M i G i kontrainsularnite khormoni pri bolni ot zakahren diabet.

Changes in immunoglobulins and secretion of contrainsular hormones were established in patients with diabetes mellitus according to literature data as well as on the base of the author's own material. On the other hand, the hormones are one of the factors with an influence on immunogenesis. With a view to that fact, the interrelations between them were, for the first time, studied in diabetics. A low correlation dependence was established between the indices studied.

[Basal blood level of serotonin in diabetes mellitus patients]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo na serotonina pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

Blood serotonin was determined in 184 patients with diabetes mellitus by a biological method. Its average value in diabetics was significantly lower than that of the control healthy subjects. The changes established show a light dependence on sex and age of the patients, duration and type of the disease, blood sugar level and the kind of drug treatment. They are better manifested in the presence of retinopathy versus in its absence, as well as in the presence of proliferative versus non-proliferative one. With the compensation of the diabetes, a tendency to partial normalization of serotonin blood level was observed. The probable causes of serotonin changes established are discussed.

[Excretion of free and bound catecholamines in the urine of diabetes mellitus patients]. / Ekskretsiia na svobodnite i svurzanite katekholamini v urinata na bolni ot zakharen diabet.

The 24-h excretion of free, conjugated and total fractions of dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was studied in 32 patients with diabetes mellitus. Adrenaline and dopamine were established to be increased--dopa decreased and noradrenaline--not changed. An attempt is made to explain the hormonal changes on the base of the analysis of the so called synthetic and dissociative coefficients of catecholamines. A moderate reverse correlation of the changes with the age of the patients and duration of diabetes was established as well as lower values in the female-diabetics versus the male-diabetics. The hormonal deviations are associated with the disturbances in the carbohydrate metabolism, have a reactive character and are manifested in insulin-dependent type of diabetes.

[Urinary excretion of free cortisol in diabetics]. / Urinna ekskretsiia na svobodniia kortizol pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

The 24-h urine excretion of free cortisol was studied of 61 patients with diabetes mellitus. Its average value is significantly higher than that of healthy controls. No correlation was established between those changes and sex, age, light overweight in some of the patients, duration and type of diabetes as well as of vascular-degenerative lesions. A positive correlation was established between cortisoluria and glucosuria as well as significantly lower excretion of cortisol in the compensated versus decompensated diabetics, suggesting that the changes established are of reactive character.

[Circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in diabetes mellitus patients]. / Denonoshten ritum na kortizolovata sekretsiia pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

The circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion was studied in 46 patients with diabetes mellitus. According to the complex criteria the rhythm was lost in 41 per cent of the examined. The rhythm changes do not depend on sex, blood sugar level, type of diabetes, vascular degenerative complications. A tendency was observed of reduction of the difference between the morning and evening cortisolemia with the advancement of the disease. The results obtained suggest a disorder in the functional integrity between hypothalamus and hypophyseal-suprarenal axis in a considerable part of the diabetics.

[Basal blood level of thyrotropic hormone in diabetes mellitus patients]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu bazalnoto kruvno nivo na tireotropniia khormon pri bolni ot zakharen diabet.

The basal blood level of the thyrotropic hormone (TTH) was radioimmunologically determined in 160 patients with diabetes mellitus. A significant increase of its average level was established versus that in the control group of healthy subjects. The changes found showed no dependence on sex, age, duration and type of disease, light deviations from the standard body weight and the differences in drug treatment. A light correlation was established between the thyrotropinemia and glycemia as well as an insignificant dynamics of the hormonal blood level after the compensation of the diabetes. The higher TTH level established in the patients without retinopathy requires further studies on the significance of that fact.

[Somatotropic hormone in the serum of diabetics]. / Somatotropen khormon v seruma na diabetno bolni.

The results from the studies on basic values of somatotropic hormone (STH) in 142 patients with diabetes mellitus are reported. No linear dependence was found between blood sugar and STH level in serum in the morning before meals. As compared with the subjects from a control group, STH in serum of diabetics without retinopathy, with retinopathy, with obesity and renal insufficiency resulting from nephropathy was increased with a statistical significance. STH values in serum of patients without microangiopathies were lower than those in patients with manifested retinopathy and higher than those in patients with obesity, the difference being not statistically significant. The serum level of somatotropic hormone in patients with manifested renal insufficiency was higher, with statistical significance, than that of patients without renal insufficiency.

[Clinical x-ray studies of arterial calcifications in the lower extremities of diabetics]. / Kliniko-rentgenologichni prouchvaniia na arterialnite kaltsifikatsii v dolnite krainitsi pri diabetno bolni.

The authors studied the X-ray grams of soft tissues of the lower limbs of 120 patients with diabetes mellitus--54 males and 66 females and 42 control subjects (18 males and 24 females). The average age of the latter was 56.3 and of the patient--52. According to their characteristic the calcifications were localized in intima (spotted) and in media (linear). Besides localization, the extend (whole artery or partial) and degree (light, pronounced) of calcifications were determined. Mediocalcinosis in the arteries of lower limbs of diabetics was established to be almost four times more frequent than that among the controls, the arteries of the thighs, legs and foot being equally affected. In 1/3 of the cases the whole vascular system of the lower limbs was involved, being more frequent in males, as compared with females, with a statistical significance, and correlated significantly with age and duration of the disease. Mediocalcinosis was more frequent with statistical significance, in patients, treated with sulfonylurea preparations. Attempt was made to explain that fact, besides by the older age of those patients with some humoral and hormonal characteristics of diabetes of the elderly, sensitive to SU preparations namely: the presence of hyperlipoproteinemia, hypersomatotropism and relative hyperinsulinism, favouring the proliferation of the cells of media and deposition of calcium salts in it. No statistically significant correlation was found between the incidence of mediocalcinosis on the one hand and the type of diabetes, severity of the disease, occupation, past infections, the presence of hypertension, obesity, retinopathy and disorders of lipid metabolism--on the other.

[Basal prolactin secretion in diabetes mellitus]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu bazalnata sekretsiia na prolaktina pri bolni ot zakharna bolest.

Consideration given to the literature data about the diabetogenic effect of prolactin, the basal prolactin secretion was investigated in 98 patients with diabetes mellitus. A significantly increased basal prolactin level was established. The influence of age, sex, disease duration, type of diabetes, blood sugar level, mode of treatment and vascular complications upon prolactinemia was studied. Significantly higher prolactinemia was found in insulin treated patients and insignificantly -- in diabetics with retinopathy. The correlation of prolactinemia with glycemia, insulinemia and lipacidemia is low. That provides gounds to admit that hyperprolactinemia plays no essential role as an additional diabetogenic factor in the patients with diabetes mellitus. The causal relationship between hyperprolactinemia and diabetes still remains not well elucidated.