Association between cognitive performance and sarcopenic obesity in older adults with Alzheimer's disease.

Sarcopenic obesity (SO), the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and obesity, is associated with functional loss, frailty, and incapacity in older adults. Recently, SO was associated with reduced cognitive performance in adults. However, no SO studies have been done with older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of SO and associated factors in 43 older adults with AD. Methods: We applied the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR). SO was verified by using dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry. Results: We found five women with SO. Women had higher body fat and lower muscle mass compared with men. There was a significant relationship between body fat and cognitive performance only in men (r=0.65; p<0.01) adjusted by age and education. Men with obesity and aged >75 years had better cognitive performance compared with non-obese men aged <75 years (p=0.010) and women with obesity aged >75 years (p=0.033). Conclusions: Women with AD had higher body fat and lower muscle mass than men. SO occurs in older women with AD. Men with higher body fat showed better cognitive performance, independent of age and education.

A obesidade sarcopênica (SO), coocorrência de sarcopenia e obesidade, está associada à perda funcional, à fragilidade e à incapacidade em idosos. Recentemente, verificou-se que a SO está associada ao desempenho cognitivo reduzido em adultos. No entanto, não foram feitos estudos de SO em idosos com doença de Alzheimer (AD). Objetivo: Verificar a ocorrência de obesidade sarcopênica e fatores associados em 43 adultos idosos com doença de Alzheimer. Métodos: Aplicamos o miniexame do estado mental (MEEM) e a avaliação clínica da demência (CDR). A SO foi verificada utilizando a absorciometria de dupla emissão de raios X. Resultados: Foram classificadas cinco idosas com SO. As mulheres idosas tinham maior gordura corporal e menor massa muscular em comparação com os homens. Houve relação significativa, ajustada por idade e educação, entre gordura corporal e desempenho cognitivo apenas nos homens (r=0,65; p<0,01). Os homens com obesidade e com mais de 75 anos tiveram melhor desempenho cognitivo em comparação com os homens não obesos <75 anos (p=0,010) e com as mulheres com obesidade >75 anos (p=0,033). Conclusões: As mulheres com AD tinham maior gordura corporal e menor massa muscular do que os homens. A SO ocorreu em mulheres mais velhas com AD. Os homens com maior gordura corporal apresentaram melhor desempenho cognitivo, independentemente da idade e da educação.

Nutritional evaluation of geriatric patients with Alzheimer's disease in Southern Brazil: case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: elderly's malnutrition is linked, among other factors, to chronic-degenerative diseases, requiring an improvement in the clinical evaluation of nutritional status of this population. Studies have tried to find out new tools to assess aged-people nutritional status. One of most used scales to investigate nutritional status on geriatric patients is the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). OBJECTIVE: the present study aims to evaluate nutritional status of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, by comparison with a control group, via Mini Nutritional Assessment. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, which includes 35 alzheimer's old-people and 43 control old-people, was performed evaluating nutritional status with MNA. RESULTS: total score of MNA in the alzheimer group shows that 71.42% were in malnutrition risk, 14.28% were malnourished and 14.25% presented normal nutritional status. In addition, in the control group 79.06% of patients (n = 34) were classified as having normal nutritional status and 20.93% (n = 9), as being at risk of malnutrition. CONCLUSION: results reinforce the purpose that MNA can be used as a proper instrument to evaluate nutritional status in elderly, mainly in AD, because measuring risk and nutritional status of this population is indispensable.

Nutritional evaluation of geriatric patients with alzheimer’s disease in southern brazil: case-control study / Evaluación nutricional de pacientes geriátricos con enfermedad de Alzheimer en el Sur del Brasil: estudio de controles de caso

Introduction: elderly's malnutrition is linked, among other factors, to chronic-degenerative diseases, requiring an improvement in the clinical evaluation of nutritional status of this population. Studies have tried to find out new tools to assess aged-people nutritional status. One of most used scales to investigate nutritional status on geriatric patients is the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).Objective: the present study aims to evaluate nutritional status of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients, by comparison with a control group, via Mini Nutritional Assessment. Methods: a cross-sectional study, which includes 35 alzheimer’s old-people and 43 control old-people, was performed evaluating nutritional status with MNA. Results: total score of MNA in the alzheimer group shows that 71.42% were in malnutrition risk, 14.28% were malnourished and 14.25% presented normal nutritional status. In addition, in the control group 79.06% of patients (n = 34) were classified as having normal nutritional status and 20.93% (n = 9), as being at risk of malnutrition. Conclusion: results reinforce the purpose that MNA can be used as a proper instrument to evaluate nutritional status in elderly, mainly in AD, because measuring risk and nutritional status of this population is indispensable

Introducción: la malnutrición en ancianos está vinculada, entre otros factores, con patologías crónicas degenerativas, por lo que es necesaria una mejora en la evaluación clínica del estado nutricional de esta población en particular. Algunos estudios han intentado hallar nuevas herramientas para evaluar el estado nutricional de los ancianos. Una de las escalas más utilizadas para la investigación del estado nutricional en pacientes geriátricos es el test Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el estado nutricional de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer mediante la comparación con un grupo control, vía Mini Nutritional Assessment. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó a 35 ancianos con alzhéimer y 43 ancianos control para evaluar el estado nutricional con MNA. Resultados: la puntuación total del MNA en el grupo con alzhéimer muestra que el 71,42% de los pacientes estaba en riesgo de malnutrición, el 14,28% estaba desnutrido y el 14,25% presentaba un estado de nutrición normal. Además, en el grupo control, el 79,06% (n = 42) presentó un estado de nutrición normal y el 20,93% (n = 9) mostró riesgo de malnutrición. Conclusión: los resultados refuerzan la idea de que el MNA puede ser utilizado como un instrumento apropiado para evaluar el estado nutricional en ancianos, principalmente en caso de alzhéimer, porque la medida del riesgo y del estado nutricional de esa población es indispensable

Qualidade de pequis fatiados e inteiros submetidos ao congelamento / Quality of whole and sliced pequi submitted to freezing

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade de pequis inteiros e fatiados submetidos ao congelamento por ar forçado durante 12 meses de armazenamento. Os frutos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados, descascados, branqueados, resfriados, fatiados e mantidos inteiros, acondicionados em saco de polietileno de baixa densidade, congelados em túnel de congelamento com ar forçado por 6 horas (-18°C) e armazenados em congelador doméstico a -18°C (±2°C), por 12 meses. A cada três meses, foram realizadas as seguintes análises: pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, firmeza, valores L*, a*, b*, h° e C*, carotenoides totais, β-caroteno, vitamina C, índice de peróxidos, coliformes a 35°C e a 45°C e pesquisa de Salmonella sp. O congelamento do pequi inteiro é mais efetivo em preservar os teores de sólidos solúveis e vitamina C e os valores L* e b* quando comparado com o do pequi fatiado. O tempo de armazenamento de 12 meses determina redução nos valores a*, b*, C* e de firmeza e nos teores de sólidos solúveis, carotenoides totais, β-caroteno e vitamina C em pequi congelado, independentemente do corte usado. O pequi congelado não sofre o processo de rancificação oxidativa nem alterações no pH, nos teores de acidez titulável e na tonalidade de cor (h°). Pequis congelados, na forma inteira e fatiada, são considerados seguros microbiologicamente durante 12 meses de armazenamento, não oferecendo riscos à saúde dos consumidores, desde que obedecidas à cadeia de frio e às boas práticas de fabricação.

This research was carried out aiming to evaluate the quality of pequi fruit (whole and sliced) after forced-air freezing storage during 12 months. The fruits were submitted to treatments as follows: selecting, washing, sanitizing, peeling, blanching, cooling, and slicing or not. After that, the fruits were storage using low density polyethylene bags and submitted to forced-air freezing (-18°C) for 6 hours and stored in freezer at the same temperature (±2°C) for 12 months. Each three months were measured: pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, firmness, color (L*, a*, b*, h° and C* values), total carotenoids, β-carotene, vitamin C, peroxide value, coliforms at 35°C and 45°C and Salmonella sp. Frozen whole pequi fruits is more effective in preserving the soluble solids and vitamin C contents and L* and b* values as compared to the sliced pequi fruits. The freezing-storage time reduce a*, b* and C* values, firmness values, soluble solids, total carotenoids, β-carotene and vitamin C contents of the pequi fruit, whole or sliced. Pequi fruit frozen is not affected by rancidity oxidative process, and also does not alter the pH, titratable acidity, and color (h°). Pequi fruit frozen and stored during 12 months are considered microbiologically safe, not offering health risks to consumers, since that the good practices of manufacture are realized and the freezing and stored process are performed correctly.