ABSTRACT
The increasing demand for natural products has led to biotechnological vanillin production, which requires the recovery of vanillin (and vanillyl alcohol at trace concentrations, as in botanical vanillin) from the bioconversion broth, free from potential contaminants: the substrate and metabolites of bioconversion. This work discusses the recovery and fractionation of bio-vanillin, from a bioconversion broth, by pervaporation and by vacuum distillation, coupled with fractionated condensation. The objective was to recover vanillin free of potential contaminants, with maximised fluxes and selectivity for vanillin against water and minimised energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered. In vacuum distillation fractionated condensation, adding several consecutive water pulses to the feed increased the percentage of recovered vanillin. In pervaporation-fractionated condensation and vacuum distillation-fractionated condensation processes, it was possible to recover vanillin and traces of vanillyl alcohol without the presence of potential contaminants. Vacuum distillation-experiments presented higher vanillin fluxes than pervaporation fractionated condensation experiments, 2.7 ± 0.1 g·m-2 h-1 and 1.19 ± 0.01 g·m-2 h-1, respectively. However, pervaporation fractionated condensation assures a selectivity of vanillin against water of 4.5 on the pervaporation step (acting as a preconcentration step) and vacuum distillation fractionated condensation requires a higher energy consumption per mass of vanillin recovered when compared with pervaporation- fractionated condensation, 2727 KWh kgVAN-1 at 85 °C and 1361 KWh kgVAN-1 at 75 °C, respectively.
ABSTRACT
The growing consumer demand for natural products led to an increasing interest in vanillin production by biotechnological routes. In this work, the biotechnological vanillin production by Amycolatopsis sp. ATCC 39116 is studied using ferulic acid as precursor, aiming to achieve maximized vanillin productivities. During biotech-vanillin production, the effects of glucose, vanillin and ferulic acid concentrations in the broth proved to be relevant for vanillin productivity. Concerning glucose, its presence in the broth during the production phase avoids vanillin conversion to vanillic acid and, consequently, increases vanillin production. To avoid the accumulation of vanillin up to a toxic concentration level, a multiple-pulse-feeding strategy is implemented, with intercalated vanillin removal from the broth and biomass recovery. This strategy turned out fruitful, leading to 0.46 g L-1 h-1 volumetric productivity of vanillin of and a production yield of 0.69 gvanillin gferulic acid-1, which are among the highest values reported in the literature for non-modified bacteria.
Subject(s)
Amycolatopsis/metabolism , Benzaldehydes/chemistry , Bioreactors , Biotechnology/methods , Industrial Microbiology/methods , Oxygen/chemistry , Benzyl Alcohols , Biomass , Coumaric Acids/chemistry , Culture Media , Glucose/chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Kinetics , Phenol/chemistry , Vanillic Acid/chemistryABSTRACT
El caso clínico expuesto es el de una paciente atendida en nuestro servicio de ginecología y quese diagnosticó de carcinoma de cérvix uterino de células pequeñas tipo neuroendocrin nuestro servicio de ginecología y quese diagnosticó de carcinoma de cérvix uterino de células pequeñas tipo neuroendocrno. Creemos que, por lo infrecuente del diagnóstico, es interesante. Cabe destacar su rápida evolución y mal pronóstico. No existe mucha experiencia en el tratamiento por la escasez de casos mencionada; así pues, se debe realizar un tratamiento individualizado según el paciente (AU)
We report a case of a neuroendocrine small-cell carcinoma of the cervix seen in our Gynaecology Department. This is a rare diagnosis and is of interest. Small-cell carcinoma of the cervix is a rare tumour with poor prognosis and high aggressiveness. Optimal treatment has not been established due to therarity of the tumour (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/diagnosis , Cervix Uteri/pathology , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/complications , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/diagnosis , Immunohistochemistry , Cervix Uteri , Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine , Prognosis , Endometrium/pathology , Endometrial Neoplasms/complications , Endometrial Neoplasms , Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/complicationsABSTRACT
Hoy día, la frecuencia de gestaciones múltiples se ha incrementado debido a las técnicas de reproducción asistida, lo que conlleva un riesgo incrementado de patología materna y fetal.La muerte de uno de los fetos en la gestación gemelar tiene una incidencia diferente según la edad gestacional en que acontece; oscila entre el 10-70% en el primer trimestre y el 0,5-7% en el segundo y el tercer trimestres.Hasta la semana 16.ª la muerte fetal no entraña riesgo para la gestación. Sin embargo, más allá de esa etapa puede ocasionar mayor morbimortalidad para el feto superviviente, así como mayor riesgo de complicaciones hematológicas para la madre.Dada la infrecuencia de la muerte fetal tardía en las gestaciones gemelares, presentamos 3 casos ocurridos en nuestro medio durante el año 2006, que fueron sometidos a tratamiento conservador (AU)
Nowadays, twin gestation is increased due to advances in assisted reproduction. Unquestionably, these pregnancies have an increased risk of foetal and maternal disorders. Single foetal death has a different incidence depending on gestational age; in the first trimester between 10-70%, in the second and third trimester it is a rare event, 0.5-7%.Early death of one twin does not have any adverse effect before 16 weeks into the pregnancy, however. In the second half of gestation the morbidity and mortality of a single foetal are increased and maternal blood disorders are more common.Because of the rarity of later foetal death in twin pregnancy, we show three cases of this event that have occurred in our hospital in 2006 which were treated with conservative management (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, Second , Fetal Death , TwinsABSTRACT
El síndrome coronario agudo (SCA) en la mujer joven menor de 40 años es poco frecuente, aun más durante la gestación, aunque es razonable esperar un aumento de su incidencia, ya que cada vez se observan más factores de riesgo asociados, entre otros la edad de las gestantes. Presentamos un caso de infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) en una mujer de 40 años, portadora de un stent coronario por IAM previo, en la que de forma casual por amenorrea secundaria se diagnosticó una gestación de 23 semanas; tras recibir tratamiento fibrinolítico, se obtuvo una buena respuesta maternofetal
Acute coronary syndrome in women aged less than 40 years old is uncommon and is even less frequent during pregnancy. However, the incidence of this syndrome can be expected to increase because associated risk factors, such as increased age at pregnancy, are becoming increasingly frequent. We describe a case of acute myocardial infarction in a 40-year-old woman, with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stent placement for a previous acute myocardial infarction. Due to amenorrhea, a 23-week pregnancy was incidentally diagnosed after the patient had received thrombolytic therapy. Maternal and fetal outcome were favorable
