ABSTRACT
El objetivo del presente trabajo es proporcionar información precisa acerca de los principales trastornos mentales asociados a la infección por el VIH.Los resultados de los diferentes estudios apuntan hacia una alta prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos a lo largo de la vida en pacientes VIH positivos, mientras que son más discordantes acerca de la prevalencia de trastornos psiquiátricos en el momento de la evaluación. Son varios los factores asociados a esta mayor prevalencia en pacientes seropositivos, entre ellos destacan la historia psiquiátrica previa, factores relacionados con la propia evolución de la infección, factores psicosociales, y ciertas características sociodemográficas. Las intervenciones terápéuticas, psicofarmacológicas y/o psicológicas, variarán en función de los síndromes clínicos.La calidad de vida y cumplimiento terapéutico de estos enfermos en los que existe una alta morbilidad psicológica -psiquiátrica podrá mejorar ostensiblemente con una adecuada evaluación psicosocial e intervención, si procede, por los especialistas en salud mental (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections , Prevalence , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
The present review aims to offer a concise of information about the diverse mental disorders affecting HIV-infected patients. Although most studies coincide in remarking that HIV-infected patients are frequently burden with psychological distress, the prevalence of the different mental disorders being present at the time of evaluation is widely variable. HIV infection clinical stage, prior psychiatric morbidity, and sociodemographic issues are also related to the type and risk for mental disorders. When planning therapeutic interventions, psychopharmacological or psychological, for HIV-infected patients several peculiarities should be taken into account. The accurate psychosocial evaluation and prompt therapeutic intervention, could help to reduce psychiatric-psychologic morbidity in a population of patients with multifactorial impairment in their quality of life and improve the adherence to treatment.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/complications , HIV Infections/psychology , Mental Disorders/etiology , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Disorders/therapy , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to discuss the implications of a good adherence to antiretroviral therapy, the factors affecting adherence, and the different methods used today to evaluate it. As conclusion, the authors emphasize the convenience of an interdisciplinary collaboration between professionals in order to improve patient's adherence. The possibility to use a multifactorial approach to assess adherence, taking into account psychological variables, is also underlined.
Subject(s)
Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/psychology , Patient Compliance/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Physician-Patient RelationsABSTRACT
El objeto de este trabajo es discutir la importancia de la adherencia al tratamiento antirretroviral, los factores que en ella influyen y las distintas medidas para evaluarla hoy utilizadas. Como conclusión se resalta la necesidad de una mayor colaboración interdisciplinar para mejorar la adherencia por parte del paciente, y la posibilidad de evaluar ésta a través de un enfoque multifactorial que tenga en cuenta también las variables psicológicas (AU)
Subject(s)
Female , Male , Humans , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/psychology , Patient Compliance/psychology , Physician-Patient RelationsSubject(s)
Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Transportation of Patients , Ambulances , Humans , Infant, NewbornSubject(s)
Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Infant, Low Birth Weight , Nutritional Requirements , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Energy Intake , Enteral Nutrition , Humans , Infant, Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Infant, Low Birth Weight/metabolism , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Twenty-six individuals who had no history of long-term antibiotic therapy were examined for the prevalence of beta-lactamase producing bacteria in the oral cavity. Samples from a total of 159 normal and diseased periodontal sites, 44 cheek mucosae, 22 tongue dorsa and 22 salivas were studied. Penicillin resistant organisms were recovered from Trypticase soy blood agar plates containing 1.3 microgram/ml or 2 microgram/ml Benzylpenicillin. Beta-lactamase formation by these isolates was determined using a micro-iodometric assay. Low levels of penicillin resistant organisms were found in all samples. Approximately 10% of the samples yielded Beta-lactamase producing strains. Except for a few Veillonella parvula strains, all Beta-lactamase forming isolates were members of the Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies melaninogenicus - Bacteroides oralis group of organisms. These species can produce severe infections and, therefore, the present findings may be important in the clinical management of oral and nonoral infection.
