ABSTRACT
Introducción. En la actualidad la poliomielitis es un padecimiento raro en países desarrollados, donde solamente parecen circular cepas vacunales, que reemplazan al poliovirus salvaje. Sin embargo, es todavía una seria enfermedad para niños de países subdesarrollados de Asia y África. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizan nueve cepas de polio virus tipo 2 aisladas de heces fecales de pacientes con poliomielitis paralítica asociada a la vacuna (PPAV), desde el inicio de las campañas de vacunación antipolio en nuestro país. Las mismas se sometieron a secuenciación de un fragmento de 114 pares de bases de la región 5'NTR (non traductional region), donde radica uno de los principales determinantes de atenuación/reversión a la neurovirulencia de los poliovirus en la posición del nucleótido 481. Resultados. Se observó un cambio en dicha posición de guanina por adenina en todas las cepas secuenciadas, de modo que coincide con la secuencia homóloga de la cepa salvaje, así como con la de cepas obtenidas de niños sanos inmunizados con la vacuna de virus vivo atenuado. Esto presupone la necesidad de que se presenten otros cambios o incidan otros factores para que se presente o no PPAV, por lo que se sugiere la secuenciación de otras regiones del genoma en busca de otros posibles cambios nucleotídicos diferenciales (AU)
Introduction. Poliomyelitis is currently a rare disease in developed countries, where only vaccinal strains seem to be in circulation, which replace wild poliovirus. Nevertheless, it is still a serious disease for children in underdeveloped countries of Asia and Africa. Patients and methods. We analysed nine strains of poliovirus type 2 isolated from the faecal matter of patients with vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), from the beginning of anti-polio vaccination campaigns in our country. These strains were submitted to sequencing of a fragment of 114 base pairs from the 5NTR (non-traductional region), where one of the main determinants of attenuation/reversion to the neurovirulence of poliovirus lies in the position of nucleotide 481. Results. In this position it was observed how guanine had been replaced by adenine in all the strains that were sequenced, so that it coincided with the homologous sequence of the wild strain, as well as with that of strains obtained from healthy children immunised with the live vaccine. This presupposes that other changes must occur or that other factors must be involved for VAPP to occur or not, and we therefore suggest the sequencing of other regions of the genome in search of other possible differential changes in nucleotides (AU)
Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Vaccines, Attenuated , Poliovirus , Point Mutation , Poliomyelitis, Bulbar , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Poliomyelitis is currently a rare disease in developed countries, where only vaccinal strains seem to be in circulation, which replace wild poliovirus. Nevertheless, it is still a serious disease for children in underdeveloped countries of Asia and Africa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed nine strains of poliovirus type 2 isolated from the faecal matter of patients with vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP), from the beginning of anti polio vaccination campaigns in our country. These strains were submitted to sequencing of a fragment of 114 base pairs from the 5 NTR (non traductional region), where one of the main determinants of attenuation/reversion to the neurovirulence of poliovirus lies in the position of nucleotide 481. RESULTS: In this position it was observed how guanine had been replaced by adenine in all the strains that were sequenced, so that it coincided with the homologous sequence of the wild strain, as well as with that of strains obtained from healthy children immunised with the live vaccine. This presupposes that other changes must occur or that other factors must be involved for VAPP to occur or not, and we therefore suggest the sequencing of other regions of the genome in search of other possible differential changes in nucleotides.
