ABSTRACT
Nowadays, cellular physiology is best understood by analysing their interacting molecular components. Proteins are the major components of the cells. Different proteins are organised in the form of functional clusters, pathways or networks. These molecules are ordered in clusters of receptor molecules of extracellular signals, transducers, sensors and biological response effectors. The identification of these intracellular signaling pathways in different cellular types has required a long journey of experimental work. More than 300 intracellular signaling pathways have been identified in human cells. They participate in cell homeostasis processes for structural and functional maintenance. Some of them participate simultaneously or in a nearly-consecutive progression to generate a cellular phenotypic change. In this review, an analysis is performed on the main intracellular signaling pathways that take part in the cellular proliferation process, and the potential use of some components of these pathways as target for therapeutic interventionism are also underlined.
Subject(s)
Cell Proliferation/physiology , Signal Transduction/physiology , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Drug Therapy , Humans , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
Regenerative medicine is a medical multidisciplinary area with the aim of morphologic and functional restoration of tissues or organs in order to re-establish normal function. The main bases of regenerative medicine are the use of autologous stem or progenitor cells and the ex vivo construction of physical-mechanical tissue structuring organization, which with stem cells may form bioartificial organs. Another eventual strategy is in vivo stem or progenitor cell stimulation for proliferation. Tissue engineering entirely combines the use of cells, biochemical and physicochemical factors, nanomaterials and bioengineering methods to improve or replace biological functions of tissues and organs. The progressive understanding of the proliferation and differentiation of the process of stem cells and their in vitro manipulation has been the launching platform for the field of regenerative medicine. In this review we describe the main strategies used for regenerative medicine in tissue regeneration along with the main obtained clinicalsurgical benefits.
La medicina regenerativa es una área multidisciplinaria destinada a la recuperación morfológica y funcional de tejidos y órganos severamente lesionados. Los principales recursos que emplea la medicina regenerativa son: células madre o troncales autólogas, y moldes estructurales de soporte físico-mecánico tisular construidos ex vivo, que pueden formar órganos bioartificiales; otra posibilidad es la estimulación de células madre in vivo para su proliferación. La ingeniería tisular combina, integralmente, el uso de células, factores bioquímicos y físicos, nanomateriales y métodos de bioingeniería para mejorar o remplazar las funciones biológicas de tejidos y órganos. El entendimiento progresivo de los procesos de proliferación y diferenciación celulares, y la manipulación in vitro de las células madre, ha sido la plataforma del desarrollo de la medicina regenerativa. En esta revisión se describen las diferentes estrategias que utiliza la medicina regenerativa en la regeneración de tejidos, y los principales beneficios clínico-quirúrgicos conseguidos con su aplicación.
