ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of Kane, Barrett Universal II, Haigis, and SRK-T formulas in eyes with average keratometry greater than 46 diopters (D). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 eyes of 101 patients with average keratometry greater than 46 D. The absolute prediction error (EA) was obtained for each patient one month after surgery. The mean absolute prediction error (MEA), median absolute prediction error (MedEA) and the percentage of patients with absolute refractive error less than 0.25 D, 0.50 D, and 1.00 D were calculated for each formula analyzed. RESULTS: The Kane formula achieved the lowest MEA (0.53⯱â¯0.43) and the lowest MedEA (0.41), followed by Barrett Universal II (MEA: 0.56⯱â¯0.42, MedEA: 0.49), SRK-T (MEA: 0.59⯱â¯0.44, MedEA: 0.54), and Haigis (MEA: 0.77⯱â¯0.47, MedEA: 0.69), showing a significant difference in the results. It was also observed that the Kane formula was the most accurate, with the highest percentage of patients, with EA less than 0.25 D, 0.50 D, and 1.00 D (30.7%, 54.4%, and 86.1%, respectively), while the Haigis formula was the least accurate (12.9%, 33.7%, and 69.3%, respectively). CONCLUSION: In eyes with corneas having average keratometry greater than 46 D, the Kane formula proves to be a useful tool in intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation and demonstrates higher precision compared to the Barrett Universal II, SRK-T, and Haigis formulas.
ABSTRACT
Cocaine-exposed planarians displayed abstinence-induced withdrawal behavior when placed into cocaine-free, but not cocaine-containing, water. The effect, manifested and quantified using a new spontaneous locomotor velocity metric, was dose-dependently related to cocaine exposure (8x10(-9) to 8x10(-5) M). Ultraviolet light (254 nm=7.83x10(-19) J), which was previously shown to interfere with drug-receptor interactions in Planaria, enhanced the abstinence-induced decreased locomotor velocity.
Subject(s)
Cocaine/toxicity , Planarians/drug effects , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Locomotion/drug effects , Planarians/radiation effects , Temperature , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
The dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride decreases the spontaneous locomotor activity of Planaria in an enantiomeric-selective and dose-dependent manner. We now report that (-)sulpiride (0.1 microM)-induced decrease of planarian locomotor activity is significantly (P<0.05) attenuated by low-energy (366 nm) ultraviolet (UV) light and to a greater extent by high-energy (254 nm) UV light. The phenomenon offers a novel approach for studying dopamine D2 receptor transduction processes in a simple in vivo model.
Subject(s)
Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Receptors, Dopamine D2/radiation effects , Sulpiride/pharmacology , Animals , Motor Activity/drug effects , Planarians , Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism , Sulpiride/metabolism , Ultraviolet RaysABSTRACT
Little is written on peritonitis caused by Acinetobacter species in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A retrospective review of medical records, dialysis unit charts, and microbiology culture logbooks identified 18 such patients treated at our hospital. All cases were community-acquired, and no common epidemiologic link between cases was detected. The most common manifestations were abdominal pain or tenderness (13 patients) and cloudy dialysate (six patients); only two patients had fever. Peritonitis without localized intra-abdominal abscess formation occurred in all instances. Intraperitoneal aminoglycoside therapy for 3 to 14 days (mean 10.7 days) eradicated infection in 14 cases. Two patients were successfully treated with 4 days of intraperitoneal gentamicin followed by 8 days of oral ciprofloxacin; another was cured with 10 days of IV ceftriaxone. Tenckhoff catheter removal was necessary in only one patient. Unlike pseudomonal or fungal peritonitis associated with CAPD, infection due to Acinetobacter species is generally responsive to antimicrobials alone.
Subject(s)
Acinetobacter Infections/etiology , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory/adverse effects , Peritonitis/etiology , Acinetobacter Infections/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peritonitis/drug therapy , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
We studied 85 pediatric patients with different types of epilepsy treated with valproic acid. The clinical and EEG follow-up were performed up to 10 months. Our EEG-clinical observations in this study show that this group of epilepsies during the pediatric age are extremely sensitive to valproic acid with minimal and tolerable side effects. Within a brief period of time an effective response was obtained in the case of epilepsy with myoclonicastatic seizures juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (impulsive petit mal), classical absence and photosensitive epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy/drug therapy , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Eight cases of WS developed electroencephalographic characteristics of the LGS in early childhood. The importance of EEG and clinical followups in patients with the WS for early detection of other associated forms of epilepsy, particularly the LGS, is therefore emphasized.
Subject(s)
Epilepsy/diagnosis , Intellectual Disability/diagnosis , Spasms, Infantile/diagnosis , Electroencephalography , Humans , SyndromeABSTRACT
Lactate uptake (Qlact) and oxidation (QCO2lact), oxygen consumption (QO2) and net tubular Na+ reabsorption (TNa), were estimated in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs under control conditions and following unilateral intrarenal injection of ouabain or intravenous infusion of acetazolamide, ethacrynic acid, or furosemide. QCO2lact accounted for approximately half of simultaneous Qlact and for about one-third of QO2 in control periods. Ouabain injection resulted in significant decreases in several functions of the injected kidney: TNa, 46%; TNa/FNa, 36%; QO2, 40%; Qlact, 59%; and QCO2lact, 70%. Acetazolamide infusion decreased TNa, 33%; TNa/FNa, 12%; QO2, 10%; and QCO2lact, 38%; but did not change Qlact. Ethacrynic acid diminished TNa, 60%; TNa/FNa, 36%; QO2, 45%; Qlact, 31%; and QCO2lact, 73%. Furosemide lowered TNa, 37%; TNa/FNa, 28%; QO2, 25%; and Qlact, 48%; but did not change QCO2lact, 2%. Results indicate that decarboxylation is a major pathway of renal lactate metabolism, that lactate oxidation is a substantial source of aerobic energy for the kidney, and that QCO2lact is probably functionally related to sodium reabsorption. This relationship appears to be closer for a fraction of TNa associated with ouabain- and ethacrynic acid-sensitive mechanisms.
