Short chain nitrocompounds as a treatment of layer hen manure and litter; effects on in vitro survivability of Salmonella, generic E. coli and nitrogen metabolism.

The current study was conducted to assess the bactericidal effectiveness of several nitrocompounds against pathogens in layer hen manure and litter. Evidence from an initial study indicated that treatment of layer hen manure with 12 mM nitroethane decreased populations of generic E. coli and total coliforms by 0.7 and 2.2 log10 colony forming units (CFU) g-1, respectively, after 24 h aerobic incubation at ambient temperature when compared to untreated populations. Salmonella concentrations were unaffected by nitroethane in this study. In a follow-up experiment, treatment of 6-month-old layer hen litter (mixed with 0.4 mL water g-1) with 44 mM 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitropropanol or ethyl nitroacetate decreased an inoculated Salmonella typhimurium strain from its initial concentration (3 log10 CFU g-1) by 0.7 to 1.7 log10 CFU g-1 after 6 h incubation at 37°C in covered containers. After 24 h incubation, populations of the inoculated S. Typhmiurium in litter treated with 44 mM 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitropropanol, ethyl nitroacetate or nitroethane were decreased more than 3.2 log10 CFU g-1 compared to populations in untreated control litter. Treatment of litter with 44 mM 2-nitroethanol, 2-nitropropanol, ethyl nitroacetate decreased rates of ammonia accumulation more than 70% compared to untreated controls (0.167 µmol mL-1 h-1) and loses of uric acid (< 1 µmol mL-1) were observed only in litter treated with 44 mM 2-nitropropanol, indicating that some of these nitrocompounds may help prevent loss of nitrogen in treated litter. Results warrant further research to determine if these nitrocompounds can be developed into an environmentally sustainable and safe strategy to eliminate pathogens from poultry litter, while preserving its nitrogen content as a nutritionally valuable crude protein source for ruminants.

Resilencia en madres e hijos con cáncer / No disponible

El cáncer infantil plantea muchos retos compartidos durante el transcurso de la enfermedad tanto para los niños como sus familias y en especial para la madre, por lo que esta investigación tiene por objetivo identificar las características de resiliencia entre madres y sus respectivos hijos estos últimos que tienen diagnóstico de cáncer, así como conocer el grado de relación entre ambos. Se contó con la participación de 60 individuos, de los cuales 30 son niños diagnosticados con cáncer, de ambos sexos, entre 8 y 17 años de edad, y los restantes 30 participantes corresponden a sus respectivas madres, con una edad entre 28 y 60 años. Se aplicaron dos medidas de resiliencia (1) cuestionario de resiliencia para niños y (2) escala de Resiliencia (Fuerza y seguridad personal) para adultos. Los resultados indican alta resiliencia en los niños en las tres dimensiones (factores protectores internos, externos y empatía). La resiliencia materna muestra ser alta en la dimensión altruismo, seguida de un nivel de resiliencia moderada en las dimensiones de: autoestima, familia, seguridad y afiliación. Se encontró una asociación entre la resiliencia del niño (empatía) y de su madre (seguridad). Se concluye que la familia es un factor de protección indispensable para favorecer el desarrollo de la resiliencia infantil, y el rol especialmente de la madre es necesario cuando se trata de niño con cáncer. Se sugiere que los pacientes, familiares y profesionales se integren a fin de incentivar el óptimo desarrollo de niño e ir más allá de sólo el tratamiento médico (AU)

Childhood cancer poses many challenges shared during the course of the disease for children and their families, and especially for the mother, which is why this research aims identify characteristics of resiliency between mothers and their respective children these last who have cancer, as well as know the degree of relationship between the two. We had the participation of 60 individuals, of which 30 are children diagnosed with cancer, men and women, between 8 and 17 years of age, and the remaining 30 participants correspond to their respective mothers aged 28 to 60 years. (1) Questionnaire resiliency two resiliency measures were applied for children and (2) scale of resilience (force and personal safety) for adults. The results indicate high resiliency in children in three dimensions (internal, external protective factors, and empathy). The maternal resiliency shows to be high in dimension altruism, followed by a level of resiliency moderate dimensions: self-esteem, family, security, and membership. An association was found between the resilience of children (empathy) and his mother (security). It is concluded that family is essential for the development of the child resiliency protection factor, and especially the mother role is necessary when it comes to children with cancer. It is suggested that the patients, families and professionals are integrated in order to promote the optimal development of children and go beyond just the medical treatment (AU)

[Balloon angioplasty for native aortic coarctation in children younger than 12 months: immediate and medium-term results]. / Angioplastía con balón de la coartación aórtica nativa en niños menores de 12 meses: resultado inicial y a mediano plazo.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of the balloon angioplasty (BA) in the treatment of patients with native aortic coarctation during childhood, particularly during the first 12 months of age, is controversial. The aim of this study was to report our experience with the use of this therapeutic technique and review the immediate and middle-term results in patients until 12 months age with native aortic coarctation and to identify those factors related with the outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We review retrospectively the clinical records of 35 patients less than 12 months of age with diagnosis of native aortic coarctation who underwent balloon angioplasty as first choice treatment during an eight year span (1998-2005). Total population was divided in two groups: group A patients < or = 3 months of age (n = 19) and group B patients between 4-12 months of age (n = 16). RESULTS: Mean age at the time of balloon angioplasty was 4.3 +/- 3.3 months (range 0.7-12 months) and the mean body weight was 5.5 +/- 1.7 kg (range 2.6-10 kg). Initial result after BA was successful in 30 of 35 patients (85.8%) with a peak residual pressure gradient < or = 20 mm Hg. Successful result were obtained in 15 of 19 patients in group A (78.9%) and in 15 of 16 patients in group B (93.8%). The mean peak residual pressure gradient change from 46.9 +/- 20.3 mm Hg to 11.6 +/- 8.1 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the maximal coarctation diameter increase from 3.0 +/- 1.6 mm to 6.0 +/- 1.8 mm after BA in the group total. We did not observe deaths related to the procedure. On the follow-up recoarctation was observed in 17/35 patients (48.6%) 13 of them in group A (68.4%) and 4 in group B (25%). Ten patients with recoarctation underwent immediate surgical correction (9 in group A) while the other 7 underwent a second BA procedure (4 in group A). At the end of the study period AB was effective in 23 of 35 patients (65.7%), 9 of them in group A (47.3%) and 14 in group B (87.5%). The incidence of complications following BA was higher in group A (21%) than for group B (12.5%). Incidence of aneurysms was 15.8% for group A and 18.8% for group B (3 patients in each group). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon angioplasty is a safe and effective alternative treatment for native aortic coarctation, even during the neonatal period. Due to the high incidence of aneurysm formation in children less than 1 year of age, a better selection of patients, the use of low-profile balloons and optimal postoperative care is mandatory to improve the final outcome and decrease the incidence of complications. A second balloon angioplasty procedure might improve the final outcome.

Angioplastía con balón de la coartación aórtica nativa en niños menores de 12 meses: resultado inicial y a mediano plazo / Balloon angioplasty for native aortic coarctation in children younger than 12 months: immediate and medium-term results

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The use of the balloon angioplasty (BA) in the treatment of patients with native aortic coarctation during childhood, particularly during the first 12 months of age, is controversial. The aim of this study was to report our experience with the use of this therapeutic technique and review the immediate and middle-term results in patients until 12 months age with native aortic coarctation and to identify those factors related with the outcome. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We review retrospectively the clinical records of 35 patients less than 12 months of age with diagnosis of native aortic coarctation who underwent balloon angioplasty as first choice treatment during an eight year span (1998-2005). Total population was divided in two groups: group A patients < or = 3 months of age (n = 19) and group B patients between 4-12 months of age (n = 16). RESULTS: Mean age at the time of balloon angioplasty was 4.3 +/- 3.3 months (range 0.7-12 months) and the mean body weight was 5.5 +/- 1.7 kg (range 2.6-10 kg). Initial result after BA was successful in 30 of 35 patients (85.8%) with a peak residual pressure gradient < or = 20 mm Hg. Successful result were obtained in 15 of 19 patients in group A (78.9%) and in 15 of 16 patients in group B (93.8%). The mean peak residual pressure gradient change from 46.9 +/- 20.3 mm Hg to 11.6 +/- 8.1 mmHg (p < 0.001) and the maximal coarctation diameter increase from 3.0 +/- 1.6 mm to 6.0 +/- 1.8 mm after BA in the group total. We did not observe deaths related to the procedure. On the follow-up recoarctation was observed in 17/35 patients (48.6%) 13 of them in group A (68.4%) and 4 in group B (25%). Ten patients with recoarctation underwent immediate surgical correction (9 in group A) while the other 7 underwent a second BA procedure (4 in group A). At the end of the study period AB was effective in 23 of 35 patients (65.7%), 9 of them in group A (47.3%) and 14 in group B (87.5%). The incidence of complications following BA was higher in group A (21%) than for group B (12.5%). Incidence of aneurysms was 15.8% for group A and 18.8% for group B (3 patients in each group). Conclusions: Balloon angioplasty is a safe and effective alternative treatment for native aortic coarctation, even during the neonatal period. Due to the high incidence of aneurysm formation in children less than 1 year of age, a better selection of patients, the use of low-profile balloons and optimal postoperative care is mandatory to...

Cierre transcatéter del conducto arterioso permeable con coils de liberación controlada: Resultados inmediatos y seguimiento a mediano plazo / Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus with detachable coils: immediate results and intermediate-term follow-up

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de éxito y seguridad del cierre percutáneo del conducto arterioso permeable (CAP) con coils de liberación controlada. Método: Cuarenta y un pacientes pediátricos con conducto arterioso permeable (CAP), de un tamaño pequeño a moderado (diámetro mínimo < 4 mm), fueron sometidos a cierre percutáneo con coils de liberación controlada. Los resultados se establecieron mediante estudios angiográficos y ecocardiográficos. La media de edad fue de 2.0 ±1.3 años (rango, 0.6-5.6 años); la media de peso fue de 10.0 ± 3.4 kg (rango, 4.5-18.0 kg). La media del diámetro mínimo del CAP fue de 1.69 ± 0.6 mm (rango, 0.5-4 mm). Resultados: En 39/41 pacientes se logró la implantación del dispositivo (95%). La relación media del coil/CAP fue de 3.41 ±1.1. Inmediatamente posterior a la oclusión con el coil, 18 conductos arteriosos no mostraron flujo residual por angiografía; 18 tenían un cortocircuito residual trivial, 3 leve y 2 leve. No se presentaron complicaciones significativas con el procedimiento. En las primeras 24 horas posteriores a la implantación del coil, el control ecocardiográfico mostró oclusión completa en 35 pacientes. En los 4 pacientes con flujo residual, el seguimiento ecocardiográfico demostró ausencia del cortocircuito 3 meses después en 2 pacientes y 6 meses después en un paciente. En uno, no se ha logrado la oclusión completa a un año. En dos pacientes (5%) se abandonó el procedimiento: en un paciente, por mostrar flujo residual moderado y movimiento del extremo pulmonar del coil, que debió de ser retirado con un catéter lazo y en otro, por migración del coil. Ambos pacientes fueron enviados a cirugía. En un seguimiento medio de 29.5 ± 16.5 meses (rango, 0 a 60 meses) de los 39 pacientes, no se observó flujo residual por ecocardiografía Doppler color, excepto en uno. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados, en concordancia con otros autores, sugieren que la oclusión del conducto arterioso permeable con coils de liberación controlada, es un método seguro, efectivo y de bajo costo. La oclusión con coil deberá ser el procedimiento de elección en pacientes mayores de 6 meses de edad con conductos arteriosos permeables de un tamaño pequeño a moderado (< 4 mm). En la extensión de este procedimiento a recién nacidos y a pacientes con conductos arteriosos más grandes, deberá considerarse otro tipo de dispositivo oclusor.

Objective: To determine the success rate and safety of percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a detachable coil. Methods: Forty-one children with small-to moderate-size PDA (maximum diameter < 4 mm) underwent percutaneous coil occlusion. The results were assessed by angiography and echocardiography The mean age was 2.0 ± 1.3 years (range 0.6 to 5.6 years); mean weight was 10.0 ± 3.4 kg (range 4.5 to 18.0 kg). The mean minimum diameter of the PDA was 1.7 ± 0.6 mm (range, 0.5 to 4.0 mm). Results: The occlusion device was inserted in 39 of 41 patients (95%). The mean coil/PDA ratio was 3.41 ±1.1. We observed angiographic cessation of blood flow through the PDA after coil insertion in 18 patients; 18 patients had residual shunt, 3 mild shunt and 2 moderate shunt. No complications were observed during the procedure. Thirty-five patients showed absence of blood flow through PDA 24 hours after coil occlusion by echocar-diography The other four patients with residual shunt showed flow cessation after 2 months in two patients and after 6 months in the other two. Failure of coil insertion in two patients was due to detachment of the pulmonary edge of the coil, which was subsequently removed in one, and due to coil migration in the other, both patients underwent surgical PDA closure. Mean follow-up at 29.5 ± 16.5 months showed no residual blood flow through the occluded PDA, except for one patient. Conclusion: Our results, as many others, suggest that PDA coil occlusion is a safe, effective, and cheap procedure. PDA coil occlusion should be the elective method for PDA closure in patients older than 6 months of age with small-to moderate size PDA(< 4 mm). The procedure in newborn infants and patients with larger PDA must be made with a different type of occlusive device.

[Transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus with detachable coils: immediate results and intermediate-term follow-up]. / Cierre transcatéter del conducto arterioso permeable con coils de liberación controlada: resultados inmediatos y seguimiento a mediano plazo.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the success rate and safety of percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with a detachable coil. METHODS: Forty-one children with small- to moderate-size PDA (maximum diameter < or = 4 mm) underwent percutaneous coil occlusion. The results were assessed by angiography and echocardiography. The mean age was 2.0 +/- 1.3 years (range 0.6 to 5.6 years); mean weight was 10.0 +/- 3.4 kg (range 4.5 to 18.0 kg). The mean minimum diameter of the PDA was 1.7 +/- 0.6 mm (range, 0.5 to 4.0 mm). RESULTS: The occlusion device was inserted in 39 of 41 patients (95%). The mean coil/PDA ratio was 3.41 +/- 1.1. We observed angiographic cessation of blood flow through the PDA after coil insertion in 18 patients; 18 patients had residual shunt, 3 mild shunt and 2 moderate shunt. No complications were observed during the procedure. Thirty-five patients showed absence of blood flow through PDA 24 hours after coil occlusion by echocardiography. The other four patients with residual shunt showed flow cessation after 2 months in two patients and after 6 months in the other two. Failure of coil insertion in two patients was due to detachment of the pulmonary edge of the coil, which was subsequently removed in one, and due to coil migration in the other, both patients underwent surgical PDA closure. Mean follow-up at 29.5 +/- 16.5 months showed no residual blood flow through the occluded PDA, except for one patient. CONCLUSION: Our results, as many others, suggest that PDA coil occlusion is a safe, effective, and cheap procedure. PDA coil occlusion should be the elective method for PDA closure in patients older than 6 months of age with small- to moderate size PDA (< or = 4 mm). The procedure in newborn infants and patients with larger PDA must be made with a different type of occlusive device.

Comisurotomía mitral percutánea con técnica de Inoue y embarazo: experiencia inicial en México / Percutaneous mitral commissurotomy in pregnancy

Desde marzo de 1986 hasta enero de 1993, se ha realizado comisurotomía mitral percutánea (CMP) en 91 pacientes con el diagóstico de estenosis mitral de etiología reumática. De éstos 2 cursaban con ambarazo de 30 (paciente 1) y 27 semanas (paciente 2) y estenosis mitral severa. Se realizó CMP con la técnica de Inoue, obteniendo incremento en el área valvular (0.8 a 1.6 y 0.7 a 1.9 cm²) y caída del gradiente transvalvular (19 a 4 y 12 a 0 mm Hg) inmediatamente después de la dilatación. En ambos casos, no se obtuvó comunicación interauricular (CIA) o insuficiencia mitral residual ni otras complicaciones. El tiempo de exposición a la radiación fue en promedio de 6.4 minutos de fluoroscopía y 6 segundos de angiografía. Con el fin de limitar la exposición a la radiación, se utilizó ecocardiografía Doppler color y se realizó protección radiológica del feto durante el procedimiento en ambos casos. En la paciente 1 se interrumpió el embarazo mediante cesárea a las 34 semanas por indicación obstétrica, y la paciente No. 2 tuvo parto por vía vaginal a las 37 semanas de embarazo sin complicaciones ni para la madre ni para el producto en ambos casos. Durante el seguimiento, el área valvular es de 1.7 y 2.1 cm², 15 y 4 meses después de la dilatación, respectivamente. Pensamos que la CMP con la técnica de Inoue es una excelente alternativa de tratamiento en pacientes embarazadas con estenosis mitral, lo que ofrece mejoría clínica inmediata sin los riesgos del tratamiento quirúrgico

Glucogenosis tipo II variedad infantil: infome de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Glucogenosis type II type infantile: report of a case and review of the literature

Se presenta un caso de Glucogenosis tipo II variedad infantil (enfermedad de Pompe) y se revisa la literatura con objeto de establecer las bases para la sospecha diagnóstica. Estudiamos un lactante femenino de 8 meses de edad con debilidad muscular e insuficiencia cardíaca. La radiografía de tórax, con cardiomegalia global. El electrocardiograma, con PR de 0.06 segundos, complejos QRS gigantes e hipertrofia biventricular. El ecocardiograma y la Cineangiografía mostrando hipocinesia e hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo. El paciente murió por insuficiencia cardíaca refractaria a su manejo. Los exámenes histoquímicos demostraron un acúmulo intracelular de glucógeno y ausencia de alfa 1,4 glucosidasa en músculo, riñón e hígado. Se estableció el diagnóstico de Glucogenosis tipo II variedad infantil. Concluimos que este padecimiento debe sospecharse en todo lactante con hipotonía muscular, insuficiencia cardíaca, cardiomegalia, electrocardiograma con PR corto, complejos QRS gigantes e hipertrofia biventricular y debe confirmase con biopsia muscular. En la literatura nacional revisada por los autores no se ha informado de ningún caso de enfermedad de Pompe