Insecticidal capacity of polyphenolic seed compounds from neem (Azadirachta indica) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) larvae.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal activity of the polyphenolic compounds found in neem on S. frugiperda larvae. Three neem extracts (1:12 (m/v) with 70% ethanol, 1:12 (m/v) with 0% ethanol (only water), and 1:4 (m/v) with 0% ethanol) were employed. Subsequently, the extraction of phytochemical compounds of each extract was performed using ultrasound and microwave technologies simultaneously. The compound characterization was performed by HPLC-mass. In addition, the insecticidal evaluation of the neem extract was performed against S. frugiperda of the second-stage larvae. The extracts were applied by spraying the larvae according to each bioassay. Results showed that the extract obtained with a 1:12 (m/v) relationship and 70% ethanol was effective for the control of S. frugiperda larvae. In this extract, the predominant organic compound families were: methoxyflavones, flavonols, hydroxycoumarins, anthocyanins, methoxycinnamic acid, and alkylflavones. Phytochemical compounds obtained from neem seeds with environmentally friendly solvents and alternative technologies (ultrasound and microwave) have potent insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda larvae.

Reactivity differences of Sc3N@C(2n) (2n = 68 and 80). Synthesis of the first methanofullerene derivatives of Sc3N@D(5h)-C80.

Using a purification method introduced earlier based on redox properties it was possible to isolate Sc3N@I(h)-C80 and Sc3N@D(3h)-C78 and a mixture of Sc3N@D(5h)-C80 and Sc3N@D3-C68. Taking advantage of their chemical reactivity differences, Sc3N@D(5h)-C80 was isolated from Sc3N@D3-C68 followed by further functionalization, giving rise to five new methano-derivatives of Sc3N@D(5h)-C80.

Tethered bisadducts of C60 and C70 with addends on a common hexagonal face and a 12-membered hole in the fullerene cage.

The regioselective synthesis of easily isolable pure bismethano derivatives of C60 and C70 with high steric congestion is described using 1,3-dibenzoylpropane bis-p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazone as the addend precursor. When the addition occurs at two [6,6] ring junctions within the same hexagon, bisadducts with mirror symmetry are obtained for both C60 and C70. When the addition occurs at two [5,6] ring junctions in C60, a symmetrical adduct is formed, which readily undergoes photo-oxygenation and ring opening to yield a fullerene with a hole in the cage. In this work, we also propose a simple and general system to name all of the possible [6,6] bisadduct isomers on C70.

Tumor de Wilms Extrarenal: reporte de un caso / Extrarenal Wilm's tumor: a case report

Se presenta el caso de un lactante varón de 1 año y 9 meses de edad que consultó por dolor abdominal encontrándose al examen clínico una masa abdominal. Se le efectuaron estudios de laboratorio incluyendo marcadores tumorales que fueron de rango normal, radiología simple de abdomen así como ecografía abdominal y TAC abdominal que mostraron una tumoración mixta con componente básicamente quístico sin calcificaciones, de localización retroperitoneal en el espacio paracavo y adyacente al riñón derecho al que comprime y desplaza en sentido posterior y caudal causándole moderada hidronefrosis así como desplazamiento medial de la cabeza del páncreas y duodeno. Se resecó el tumor en su totalidad demostrando el estudio anatomopatológico se trataba de un Tumor de Wilms extrarenal. Recibió un ciclo de quimioterapia con Vincristina y Actinomicina D. A la fecha tiene más de seis años de seguimiento, los estudios por urotomografía demuestran normalidad de ambos riñones y total ausencia de presencia tumoral encontrándose totalmente libre de molestias. El tumor de Wilms es el tumor maligno urogenital más frecuente de la infancia sin embargo su localización extrarenal es extremadamente rara excluyendo por definición la presencia de un tumor renal primario. Pueden ser componentes de otros tumores generalmente teratomas o ser lesiones aisladas que se originan de elementos del mesodermo primitivo tales como restos de los cuerpos de Wolffian y del blastema mesonéfrico. Se localiza con mayor frecuencia en el retroperitoneo habiéndose publicado casos de presentación en región inguinal, útero, testiculos, región lumbosacra y sacrocoxígea recomendándose en su manejo seguir los mismos protocolos de los tumores de Wilms intrarenales sobretodo los de formas quísticas, de buen pronóstico.