ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In June 2019, the Bolivian Ministry of Health reported a cluster of cases of hemorrhagic fever that started in the municipality of Caranavi and expanded to La Paz. The cause of these cases was unknown. METHODS: We obtained samples for next-generation sequencing and virus isolation. Human and rodent specimens were tested by means of virus-specific real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction assays, next-generation sequencing, and virus isolation. RESULTS: Nine cases of hemorrhagic fever were identified; four of the patients with this illness died. The etiologic agent was identified as Mammarenavirus Chapare mammarenavirus, or Chapare virus (CHAPV), which causes Chapare hemorrhagic fever (CHHF). Probable nosocomial transmission among health care workers was identified. Some patients with CHHF had neurologic manifestations, and those who survived had a prolonged recovery period. CHAPV RNA was detected in a variety of human body fluids (including blood; urine; nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid; conjunctiva; and semen) and in specimens obtained from captured small-eared pygmy rice rats (Oligoryzomys microtis). In survivors of CHHF, viral RNA was detected up to 170 days after symptom onset; CHAPV was isolated from a semen sample obtained 86 days after symptom onset. CONCLUSIONS: M. Chapare mammarenavirus was identified as the etiologic agent of CHHF. Both spillover from a zoonotic reservoir and possible person-to-person transmission were identified. This virus was detected in a rodent species, O. microtis. (Funded by the Bolivian Ministry of Health and others.).
Subject(s)
Arenaviruses, New World , Hemorrhagic Fever, American , RNA, Viral , Rodentia , Animals , Arenaviruses, New World/genetics , Arenaviruses, New World/isolation & purification , Bolivia/epidemiology , Cross Infection/transmission , Cross Infection/virology , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/complications , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/genetics , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/transmission , Hemorrhagic Fever, American/virology , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/genetics , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/transmission , Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral/virology , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Humans , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/genetics , RNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Rats/virology , Rodentia/virology , Viral Zoonoses/transmission , Viral Zoonoses/virologyABSTRACT
PROPÓSITO: este artículo se realizó para contribuir con la difusión del conocimiento sobre el COVID-19 en la lengua hispana. HALLAZGOS: el SARS-CoV-2 fue descubierto en diciembre del 2019 y se difundió mundialmente desde entonces; el 11 de marzo de 2020 la OMS declaró globalmente estado de pandemia. Mientras fue incrementando la gravedad y frecuencia del COVID-19 en el mundo, la comunidad científica trabajó arduamente produciendo evidencia capaz de dilucidar los detalles de esta patología. Esta serie de artículos pretende agregar información lo más actualizada posible, interpretándola y adaptándola a la realidad boliviana. SUMARIO: la elaboración de este artículo está basado en información conocida sobre la historia de la aparición de esta nueva enfermedad e información vigente y actualizada sobre las características fisiopatológicas descritas en la literatura mundial
Subject(s)
Disease , Coronavirus Infections , History , Pathology , LiteratureABSTRACT
Primary laryngeal aspergillosis is a rare condition. Only a few cases have been reported in the past years. Most of them have been reported in healthy patients or with a mild immunocompromised state. We report a case of primary laryngeal aspergillosis in a solid organ transplant recipient (SOT), an infection not previously described in this population; we reviewed the published literature in all populations.
