ABSTRACT
A gene encoding a putative asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) has been isolated from common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). A 2-kb cDNA clone of this gene (PVAS1) encodes a protein of 579 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 65,265 Da, an isoelectric point of 6.3, and a net charge of -9.3 at pH 7.0. The PVAS1 protein sequence conserves all the amino acid residues that are essential for glutamine-dependent AS, and PVAS1 complemented an Escherichia coli asparagine auxotroph, which demonstrates that it encodes a glutamine-dependent AS. The PVAS1 protein showed the highest similarity to soybean SAS1, and piled up with other legume ASs to form an independent dendritic group of type-I AS enzymes. Northern blot analyses revealed that the expression pattern of PVAS1 resembles that of PVAS2, another AS previously described in the common bean. Unlike PVAS2, however, PVAS1 was not expressed in the nodule and was not repressed by light, suggesting different functions for these two AS genes.
Subject(s)
Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase/genetics , Phaseolus/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Arabidopsis/genetics , Arabidopsis/metabolism , Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase/classification , Aspartate-Ammonia Ligase/metabolism , Base Sequence , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Plant , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Isoelectric Point , Molecular Sequence Data , Molecular Weight , Phaseolus/enzymology , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Alignment , Glycine max/genetics , Glycine max/metabolismABSTRACT
The purposes of this article are to present advanced practice nursing models, explore similarities and differences in roles of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) and nurse practitioners (NPs) in South Carolina, and relate findings to the advanced practice nursing models. A questionnaire was mailed to advanced practice nurses (APNs) listed with the board of nursing, which yielded a convenience sample of 228 nurses; sixty-two percent were classified as CNSs and 30% as NPs. CNSs spent significantly less time in direct practice and more time in education, consultation, research, and administration than did NPs. Satisfaction was high for both CNSs and NPs and was related to the quality of perceived support for the role and to relationships with key staff. Respondents were engaged in a variety of revenue-generating activities and provided additional suggestions for ways in which APNs could generate additional revenue. Results support previous literature suggesting greater ambiguity in the CNS role as compared with the NP, but also suggest that differences in role are primarily related to relative emphasis on direct practice. Findings tend to support viewing CNS and NP roles as dual pathways to advanced practice or as overlapping roles, with areas of shared and unique activity.
Subject(s)
Models, Nursing , Nurse Clinicians , Nurse Practitioners , Humans , Job Description , RoleABSTRACT
El presente artículo describe el modelo biopsicosocial para pacientes fármacodependientes basado en intervenciones biológicas, psicológicas y sociales. Se describen las características y procedimientos específicos del modelo con la participación de la familia, terceros, el afronte interdisciplinario, la promoción de la participación no profesional, de organizaciones extrainstitucionales y el seguimiento a largo plazo.
The authors describe the Biopsychosocial Model por treatment of drug dependent patients based on biological, psychological and social interventions. The characteristics and specific procedures which includes family and third persons participation, interprofessional approach, promotion of non-professional participations and extrainstitutional organizations as well as the long term follow up are described.
