[Effect of peptides, isolated from the tracheal mucosa, on alveolar macrophages and the nature of the course of fibrosing alveolitis in the rat]. / Vliianie peptidov, vydelennykh iz slizistoi trakhei, na al'veoliarnye makrofagi i kharakter techeniia fibroziruiushchego al'veolita u krys.

Rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis were treated with a complex of low-molecular weight peptides isolated from the tracheal mucosa (PTM). Cytological examinations of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the animals receiving PTM revealed increases in the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) as compared to that in saline-treated rats. The AM obtained from PTM-treated animals also showed an enhanced phagocytic activity, as well as increased superoxide anion production when stimulated with the opsonized zymosan. However, basal superoxide production after PTM administration was reduced to normal values. These PTM effects of the AM paralleled the reduction of pulmonary fibrotic changes and myocardial hypertrophy. The findings suggest that the AM functional activity is mediated by PTM.

[The dynamics of postmortem cellular changes. Ultrastructural-histochemical research]. / Dinamika posmertnykh izmenenii kletok. Ul'trastrukturno-gistokhimicheskoe issledovanie.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDG), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDG) as well as acid phosphatase (AcPase) activities were assessed in the rat tracheal ciliated epithelial cells using cytophotometry, combined with ultrastructural AcPase demonstration within 1 to 5 hours after animal death. A moderate gradual reduction of LDG, G-6-PDG and AcPase, but not ICDG activities has been detected in the groups of initially unaffected and hypertensive rats. The activities of all dehydrogenases progressively decreased compared to the stable AcPase values in rats which died from acute renal failure. AcPase reaction products were found to be released from the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes into the adjacent cytoplasm and across the plasma membrane. Occasionally AcPase activity emerged in the cis- and intermediate lamellae of the Golgi apparatus. The perturbations in the membrane permeability evidenced by AcPase leakage can be considered as the most likely mechanism for the observed postmortem reduction of some enzymatic activities tested.

[In the dying cell secretory protein diffuses through the membranes into the cytosol]. / V gibnushchei kletke sekretornyi protein diffundiruet cherez membrany v tsitozol'.

Anti-horseradish peroxidase IgG (a-HRP) secreting hybridoma lymphoblasts grown subcutaneously in recipient mice have been studied light and electron microscopically 30-120 min following capitation of the animals. Conventional HRP-DAB immunocytochemical staining was performed for demonstration of a-HRP which in the living cells was restricted to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the perinuclear cisterns, the Golgi apparatus and some microvesicles. 30 min after death in a number of the cells a-HRP began to invade the cytosol leaving, however, the nucleus and mitochondrial matrix free of the secretory marker. 30 to 90 min later staining intensity became similar in all cellular structures thereby making an impression of overall a-HRP spreading throughout the cell. In the light of these findings and the data obtained by other investigators a conclusion is made on the diffusion of macromolecules across intracellular membranes as a result of considerable post-mortem disturbances in membrane permeability.

[Changes in enzyme activity in postoperative myocardial biopsy samples after surgical correction of late-stage rheumatic heart defects]. / Izmenenie aktivnosti fermentov v operatsionnykh biotatakh miokarda pri khirurgicheskoi korrektsii revmaticheskogo poroka mitral'nogo klapana pozdnikh stadii.

A direct statistically reliable correction of decrease of the enzymes with the initial state of the patients has been established in an analysis of 25 patients aged from 18 to 60 years in prosthesis of+ the mitral valve (n-9) and closed mitral commissurotomy (n-16). The enzyme activity after prosthesis of+ the mitral valve was twice lower that after closed commissurotomy. Activity of ATP-ase of myofibrils proved to be most sensitive to negative factors of operation.

[Identification of type-II alveolocytes in cryostatic sections of human lungs]. / Identifikatsiiia al'veolotsitov II tipa na kriostatnykh srezakh legkikh cheloveka.

The tannic acid-polychromic stain method (Mason et al., 1985) designed for the identification of the cultured alveolar type II cells has been adapted to cryostat sections of human lungs. Both biopsy and autopsy specimens obtained within one hour post mortem could be effectively processed with this method to visualize at the light microscope level the lamellar bodies, i.e. characteristic intracellular inclusions of alveolar type II cells.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of the alveolar epithelium and alveolar macrophages in chronic bronchitis]. / Morfofunktsional'nye osobennosti al'veoliarnogo épiteliia i al'veoliarnykh makrofagov pri khronicheskom bronkhite.

Quantitative histoenzymatic determination based on early autopsy material was introduced for evaluation of oxidoreductase and hydrolytic enzymes activity in alveolar macrophages (AM) and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) of the lungs in chronic catarrhal (CC) and chronic purulent (CP) bronchitis with bronchopneumonia development in sites other than acute inflammatory lesions. AM hydrolase hypoactivity was recorded in both CC and CP bronchitis, whereas inhibition of dehydrogenase activity stood out in CP bronchitis along with disturbed activity of the key enzymes of energy and carbohydrate metabolism in AEC. Characteristic features were elucidated for relationships between the cells of the alveolar lining in various forms of chronic bronchitis. The findings suggest a conclusion on inhibited activity of AM in chronic bronchitis.

[Characteristics of the morphofunctional status of the tissue in the rat cerebral cortex in experimental renal arterial hypertension]. / Osobennosti morfofunktsional'nogo sostoianiia tkani kory golovnogo mozga krys pri éksperimental'noi pochechnoi arterial'noi gipertenzii.

Activity of some enzymes in the cerebral cortex of rats with experimentally induced renal arterial hypertension (AH) was studied histochemically. Histologic data provide the evidence for the disturbances in water-salt metabolism in AH. Morphometric study revealed an increase in the specific volume of smaller microvessels and moderate decrease in the specific volume of bigger microvessels. Vascular markers show different time course of activity changes in AH: the activity of alkaline phosphatase increases, while that of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase remains unchanged. The development of AH is accompanied by the increase in succinic dehydrogenase activity and the decrease in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in neurons. The changes in the neuron-capillary relationship arising in AH can be one of the possible pathogenetic factors in the pathologic process progression.