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1.
Int J Neural Syst ; 24(1): 1450005, 2014 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24344693

ABSTRACT

Drug abusers typically consume not just one but several types of drugs, starting from alcohol and marijuana consumption, and then dramatically lapsing into addiction to harder drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, or amphetamine. The brain of drug abusers presents various structural and neurophysiological abnormalities, some of which may predate drug consumption onset. However, how these changes translate into modifications in functional brain connectivity is still poorly understood. To characterize functional connectivity patterns, we recorded Electroencephalogram (EEG) activity from 21 detoxified drug abusers and 20 age-matched control subjects performing a simple counting task and at rest activity. To evaluate the cortical brain connectivity network we applied the Synchronization Likelihood algorithm. The results showed that drug abusers had higher synchronization levels at low frequencies, mainly in the θ band (4-8 Hz) between frontal and posterior cortical regions. During the counting task, patients showed increased synchronization in the ß (14-35 Hz), and γ (35-45 Hz) frequency bands, in fronto-posterior and interhemispheric temporal regions. Taken together 'slow-down' at rest and task-related 'over-exertion' could indicate that the brain of drug abusers is suffering from a premature form of ageing. Future studies will clarify whether this condition can be reversed following prolonged periods of abstinence.


Subject(s)
Brain Mapping , Brain/physiopathology , Cortical Synchronization/physiology , Substance-Related Disorders/pathology , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Electroencephalography , Female , Humans , Likelihood Functions , Male , Middle Aged , Nerve Net/physiopathology , Rest , Young Adult
2.
J Neurosci Res ; 88(8): 1682-94, 2010 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20127853

ABSTRACT

Two types of interventions to remyelinate the adult demyelinated central nervous system were investigated in heterozygous transgenic mice overexpressing the proteolipid protein gene. 1) A cocktail of trophic factors, "TS1," was directed toward the activation of the endogenous pool of neural progenitors to increase the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL) in the brain. 2) A combinatorial approach in which OL progenitors were coinjected with TS1 into the corpus callosum of wild-type and He4e transgenic mice that displayed hindlimb paralysis. The levels of locomotor ability in these mice were evaluated after a single treatment. The data showed that a single administration of either one of the interventions had similar therapeutic effects, alleviating the symptoms of demyelination and leading to the recovery of hindlimb function. Histological and immunofluorescent examination of brain sections showed extensive remyelination that was sufficient to reverse hindlimb paralysis in transgenic mice. When the interventions were administered prior to hindlimb paralysis, He4e mice were able to walk up to 1 year of age without paralysis.


Subject(s)
Central Nervous System/metabolism , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism , Demyelinating Diseases/pathology , Myelin Proteolipid Protein/metabolism , Recovery of Function/physiology , Amidines/metabolism , Animals , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Corpus Callosum/metabolism , Corpus Callosum/transplantation , Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology , Demyelinating Diseases/genetics , Demyelinating Diseases/surgery , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Exploratory Behavior/physiology , Gangliosides/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects , Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics , Hindlimb/drug effects , Hindlimb/physiopathology , Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology , Intermediate Filament Proteins/genetics , Mice , Mice, Transgenic , Microscopy, Confocal/methods , Myelin Basic Protein/metabolism , Myelin Proteolipid Protein/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Nestin , Neurofilament Proteins/metabolism , Neuroglia/chemistry , Recovery of Function/drug effects , Recovery of Function/genetics , Time Factors
3.
Col. med. estado Táchira ; 13(1): 8-10, ene.-mar. 2004. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-417291

ABSTRACT

La endoscolecistectomia es la cirugía que se realiza más frecuentemente. La colangiografía trasoperatoria se realiza en todo paciente con sospecha de coledocolitiasis. La colangiografía estática convencional es usada entre los cirujanos de vías biliares. Nuestro objetivo es dar a conocer las ventajas de la fluoroscopia tales como menor irradiación, reducción del tiempo operatorio, mejor relación costo beneficio, mayor fidelidad para el diagnóstico de espasmo del esfinter de Oddi así como la facilidad para descartar artefactos. Presentamos la experiencia en 13 pacientes sometidos a endocolecistectomía en el Centro Clínico San Cristobal a quienes se les realizó colangiografía fluoroscópica transoperatoria


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Female , Urinary Bladder Calculi/surgery , Urinary Bladder Calculi/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder Calculi/therapy , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic/methods , Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic , Medicine , Venezuela
4.
J Agric Food Chem ; 51(16): 4673-9, 2003 Jul 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14705895

ABSTRACT

Rheological characteristics of dough and glutenin macropolymer (GMP) extracted thereof were investigated. Three single enzymes, pentosanase (PP), glucoseoxidase (GLZ), and laccase (LAC), and their combinations were used. GLZ gave the least extensible and most resistant dough, and pentosanase/glucoseoxidase (PPGLZ) resulted in dough with improved extensibility. The enzymes improved gluten quality. The glutenin macropolymer (GMP) was characterized in terms of wet weight, protein content, pentosan association, and dynamic rheological properties. Enzymatic addition decreased the wet weight of GMP but increased the protein content. PP decreased the content of pentosans on the GMP, but single oxidases increased the content of pentosans associated with GMP. PP did not modify the elastic modulus (G') of the GMP, whereas GLZ increased G' by increasing the polymerization of proteins and LAC diminished G'. The combination PPGLZ produced a synergic increase of G'.


Subject(s)
Bread , Flour/analysis , Glucose Oxidase/pharmacology , Glutens/analogs & derivatives , Glutens/chemistry , Laccase/pharmacology , Oxidoreductases/pharmacology , Elasticity , Food Handling/methods , Glutens/analysis , Glutens/metabolism , Pentoses/analysis , Polymers/chemistry , Rheology
5.
Am J Health Behav ; 25(1): 50-9, 2001.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11289729

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To survey inner-city prostitutes' perceived health needs. METHODS: One hundred forty street prostitutes in Washington DC, were surveyed to determine their perceived health needs, in addition to levels of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). RESULTS: The final sample comprised 100 individuals, representing 3 subgroups of prostitutes, female, male, and transgender male. Major health needs included protection from physical and sexual assault, social support, counseling, addictions treatment, job training, and medical care. Over 42% of the population was identified as meeting established criteria for PTSD. CONCLUSION: Effective program development for inner-city prostitutes needs to acknowledge the presence of distinct subpopulations and the pervasive influence of PTSD on health status.


Subject(s)
Health Services Needs and Demand , Poverty Areas , Preventive Health Services , Sex Work , Social Work , Adolescent , Adult , District of Columbia/epidemiology , Female , Health Status , Ill-Housed Persons/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Sex Work/psychology , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Violence/statistics & numerical data
6.
G E N ; 49(4): 314-6, 1995.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8762664

ABSTRACT

Patients with partial gastrectomy are a High risk group to develop gastric cancer. Risk is higher in remnant estomach after partial gastrectomy by malignancy than benign disease. We present a case of a male patient, 64 years old, who was admitted in our Hospital with Hypovolaemia. We found during Endoscopic examination early gastric Cancer IIc + III type in the site of anastomosis. Partial gastrectomy was performed in this patient by Duodenal ulcer 11 years ago.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects , Gastrectomy/adverse effects , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
7.
G E N ; 48(1): 29-33, 1994.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7926617

ABSTRACT

In the hope of finding those patients whose pancreas pseudocyst resolution were spontaneous, we undertook a retrospective review of such cases admitted at the Hospital Central de San Cristobal y Hospital Patrocinio Peñuela Ruiz (from IVSS), with the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. From 619 patients with pancreatitis, 40 developed a pseudocyst (5.78%). The most frequent ethiology was biliary disease (47.5%) and abdominal pain in 87.5%, the most common symptom. Abdominal ultrasonography was the best diagnostic aid. Spontaneous resolution occur in 24 cases (60%) in juntion with the normalization of seric and urinary amylases values, the size of the cyst in these patients was less than 5 cms. Sixteen patients needed surgery, in 8 of them the seric amylase value remained high and in 3 cases this value was normal but with a cyst size more than five cms. Internal drainage in 11, external in 4 and surgical resection in one. There was no deaths in this review.


Subject(s)
Pancreatic Pseudocyst , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Alcoholism/complications , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Regression, Spontaneous , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/enzymology , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/epidemiology , Pancreatic Pseudocyst/etiology , Pancreatitis/complications , Sex Factors , Venezuela/epidemiology
8.
G E N ; 47(4): 221-5, 1993.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8050699

ABSTRACT

Splenic abscess remains a rare entity, reserved for patients with predisposing factors or immunosuppressive conditions. In our 13 patients in which a splenic abscess was diagnosed pre- or intra-operatively, an average of 14 days past before the diagnosis was made. Main symptoms were fever, upper left abdominal pain, auscultatory left basal anomalies and splenomegaly. Culture from the spleen material included E. coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus, Salmonella and Streptococcus v. Although splenectomy has been considered the standard procedure for this pathology, we treated our last three patients by means of Computed Tomography Percutaneous Drainage (C.T.G.P.D.). There was no need for splenectomy after this procedure and there were no complications associated with the C. T. G. P. D.


Subject(s)
Abscess/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Abscess/surgery , Adult , Aged , Drainage , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Splenectomy , Splenic Diseases/surgery
9.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther ; 14(2): 185-92, 1991 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1920606

ABSTRACT

The agar dilution method was used to determine the bacteriostatic activity of 28 antimicrobial agents against 141 strains to the genus Bacteroides and 29 strains from the genus Fusobacterium. All organisms were isolated from clinical cases of ovine footrot. The strains were isolated from 125 Merino sheep, over a period of 2 years, from January 1987 to December 1988. The three ureidopenicillins studied (azlocillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin) proved to be the most effective antimicrobial agents. Chloramphenicol, metronidazole and tinidazole effectively inhibited the growth of Bacteroides spp., while phosphomycin was active against Fusobacterium spp.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteroides/drug effects , Foot Rot/microbiology , Fusobacterium/drug effects , Animals , Fosfomycin/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Penicillins/pharmacology , Sheep
10.
Br Vet J ; 146(6): 551-8, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2271912

ABSTRACT

Lesions showing clinical signs of foot-rot from 120 goats were cultured on six selective media during October 1987 to November 1988. A total of 582 strictly anaerobic microorganisms belonging to 50 different species was isolated and identified. The anaerobes most frequently isolated belonged to the following genera: Bacteroides (80%), Peptostreptococcus (63.6%), Megasphaera (40%), Fusobacterium (29.2%), Clostridium (22.5%), Propionibacterium (12.5%), Eubacterium (11.7%) and Leptotrichia (10.8%). Percentages for Acidaminococcus, Peptococcus, Tissierella, Wolinella and Veillonella were below 10%. The following species were identified in 10% or more of cases: Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (61.7%), Bacteroides buccae (51.7%), Bacteroides nodosus (42.5%), Megasphaera elsdenii (40%), Bacteroides ruminicola subsp. brevis (22.5%), Fusobacterium necrophorum (19.2%), Leptotrichia buccalis (11.7%) and Clostridium perfringens (10%). Lower percentages were obtained for the remaining species. The efficiency and selectivity of the six culture media used for isolation are discussed.


Subject(s)
Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification , Foot Rot/microbiology , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Culture Media , Goats
11.
Br Vet J ; 146(5): 437-42, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2224489

ABSTRACT

The agar dilution method was used to determine the antimicrobial activity of 17 antimicrobial agents against 132 strains belonging to the genus Bacteroides and 25 strains from the genus Fusobacterium, all isolated from 120 clinical cases of caprine footrot between October 1987 and November 1988. Josamycin, chloramphenicol and rifampin proved to be the most effective antibiotics in vitro. Significant resistance was found to the other antimicrobial agents studied.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteroides/drug effects , Foot Rot/microbiology , Fusobacterium/drug effects , Goat Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Goats , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
12.
Res Vet Sci ; 49(2): 245-7, 1990 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2236925

ABSTRACT

A microbiological study was made of 125 Merino sheep showing clinical signs of foot rot. A total of 435 strictly anaerobic strains were isolated, belonging to the following genera: Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Tissierella, Fusobacterium, Megasphaera, Eubacterium, Acidaminococcus, Clostridium, Peptococcus and Propionibacterium. Of the 35 species obtained, the following were found in more than 10 per cent of animals sampled: Bacteroides nodosus, B putredinis, B buccae, B ruminicola subspecies brevis, Tissierella praeacuta, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Megasphaera elsdenii. Six culture media were used for isolation. Agar brucella and agar brucella enriched with G-N anaerobe supplement proved to be the most efficient for isolating anaerobic bacteria.


Subject(s)
Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification , Foot Rot/microbiology , Sheep Diseases/microbiology , Animals , Culture Media , Sheep , Spain
13.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 34(4): 657-9, 1990 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2344172

ABSTRACT

The agar dilution method was used to determine the bacteriostatic activities of 10 beta-lactam antibiotics against 132 strains belonging to the genus Bacteroides and 25 strains belonging to the genus Fusobacterium, all isolated from clinical cases of caprine foot rot. The three ureidopenicillins studied proved to be the most effective antimicrobial agents.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacteroides/drug effects , Foot Rot/microbiology , Fusobacterium/drug effects , Goats/microbiology , Animals , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , beta-Lactams
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