[Prevalence of injury of the medial collateral ligament of the knee assessed by magnetic resonance]. / Prevalencia de lesión del ligamento colateral medial de la rodilla valorada por resonancia magnética.

INTRODUCTION: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the main stabilizers of the knee, but its injury occurs in conjunction with other ligaments. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of MCL lesions by magnetic resonance imaging, their degrees and associated lesions in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study from January to April 2018 where KNEE MRIs were evaluated where the MCL lesion was presented to evaluate the degree and type of associated injuries. RESULTS: We included 368 studies, prevalence of isolated MCL lesion of 3.07%, grade I and grade II, prevalence of concomitant MCL lesions was 17.66% grade I (75%), grade II (15%) and grade III (3%). Associated injuries were medial meniscus injury (46.15%), anterior cruciate ligament injury (30.7%), isolated bone contusion (18.46%), chodral injuries (37.58%), medial vastus injury (14.51%), patellar medial retinacular injury (14.51%), vastus lateral injury (9.23%), posterior cruciate ligament injury (6.15%), lateral meniscus injury (4.61%), iliotibial band tenosynovitis (4.61%), medial facet avulsion fracture (3.07%), Pes Anserine tenosynovitis (3.07%). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of 17.66% of the MCL injuries in our hospital by magnetic resonance, the first 2 degrees predominate, with a wide spectrum of associated knee injuries.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El ligamento colateral medial (LCM) es uno de los principales estabilizadores de la rodilla, pero su lesión se presenta en conjunto con otras lesiones ligamentarias. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de lesiones del LCM por resonancia magnética, sus grados y lesiones asociadas en nuestra institución. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de Enero a Abril de 2018, se evaluaron resonancias magnéticas de rodilla donde se presentó lesión del LCM para evaluar grado y tipo de lesiones asociadas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 368 estudios, prevalencia de lesión aislada del LCM de 3.07%, una grado I y una grado II, la prevalencia de lesiones de LCM concomitantes fue de 17.66%, grado I (75%), grado II (15%) y grado III (3%). Las lesiones asociadas fueron lesión del menisco medial (46.15%), lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (30.7%), contusión ósea aislada (18.46%), lesiones condrales (37.58%), lesión de vasto medial (14.51%), lesión del retináculo medial patelar (14.51%), lesión del vasto lateral (9.23%), lesión del ligamento cruzado posterior (6.15%), lesión del menisco lateral (4.61%), tenosinovitis banda iliotibial (4.61%), fractura de avulsión de la faceta medial (3.07%), tenosinovitis de la Pes Anserinus (3.07%). CONCLUSIÓN: Prevalencia de 17.66% de lesiones del LCM en nuestro hospital por resonancia magnética, predominan los dos primeros grados con un espectro amplio de lesiones asociadas de la rodilla.

[Conservation of autologous graft of femoral head in bone flap for treatment of acetabular defects]. / Conservación de injerto autólogo de cabeza femoral en colgajo óseo para tratamiento de los defectos acetabulares.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a bone preservation technique commonly used in neurosurgery in an orthopedic procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe the case of a patient who undergoes primary hip arthroplasty with an initial unsatisfactory result, the need for a revision with acetabular reconstruction is considered before the wound closure. Keeping the patient's femoral head in soft tissues for second-time reconstruction. RESULTS: After six months of follow-up, complete osseointegration of the femoral head graft was found, with a good clinical and radiological evolution of the patient. Bone conservation techniques in bone flaps have shown good results in the grafts osseointegration in other areas such as neurosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The conservation of bone flaps in subcutaneous tissue for later use as a graft is a viable treatment option also in orthopedic surgery.

OBJETIVO: Describir una técnica de conservación ósea de uso común en neurocirugía en un procedimiento ortopédico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se describe el caso de una paciente que se somete a artroplastía primaria de cadera con un resultado no satisfactorio inicial, planteándose previo al cierre la necesidad de una revisión con reconstrucción acetabular. Conservando cabeza femoral de paciente en tejidos blandos para realizar reconstrucción en segundo tiempo. RESULTADOS: Tras seguimiento por seis meses se encuentra completa osteointegración de injerto de cabeza femoral, con buena evolución clínica y radiológica de la paciente. Las técnicas de conservación ósea en colgajos óseos han demostrado buenos resultados en la osteointegración de los injertos en otras áreas como neurocirugía. CONCLUSIONES: La conservación de colgajos óseos en tejido celular subcutáneo para posterior uso como injerto es una opción viable de tratamiento también en la cirugía ortopédica.

[Supraspinatus tendon ruptures: correlation between MRI and surgical findings]. / Rupturas del tendón del supraespinoso: correlación entre RMN y hallazgos quirúrgicos.

INTRODUCTION: In rotator cuff rupture, the supraspinatus tendon ranks first in frequency. MRI is the study of choice for preoperative diagnosis and planning. The objective of this study was to assess the concordance between findings observed with MRI and transoperative in patients with supraspinatus tendon rupture. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2014 to January 2020. Including patients over the age of 18, with MRI and supraspinatus tendon rupture report. A 2 analysis was performed for sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic certainty using surgical findings as a reference. The kappa index was used to show the concordance between MRI and transoperative findings. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients were included in the study, 45 male and 34 female. The average age was 52.14 years. MRI correctly diagnosed 60.76% of supraspinatus ruptures, showing 74% sensitivity and 96% specificity for complete ruptures. For partial ruptures I show a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 33%. The kappa index showed a match of 0.90 for total ruptures and 0.53 for partial. CONCLUSIONS: MRI demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing complete ruptures, with good match to surgical findings. MRI proved to be a non-specific study for the identification of partial ruptures, which causes these lesions to be overdiagnosed.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En la ruptura del manguito de los rotadores, el tendón del supraespinoso ocupa el primer lugar en frecuencia. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección para el diagnóstico y planificación preoperatoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la concordancia entre los hallazgos observados con la IRM y los hallazgos transoperatorios en pacientes con ruptura del tendón del supraespinoso. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de Enero de 2014 a Enero de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, con IRM y reporte de ruptura del tendón del supraespinoso. Se realizó un análisis de 2 para la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y certeza diagnóstica utilizando los hallazgos quirúrgicos como referencia. Se utilizó el índice de Kappa para mostrar la concordancia entre IRM y hallazgos transoperatorios. RESULTADOS: Un total de 79 pacientes se incluyeron en el estudio, 45 masculinos y 34 femeninos. La edad promedio fue de 52.14 años. La IRM diagnosticó correctamente 60.76% de las rupturas del supraespinoso, mostró una sensibilidad de 74% y especificidad de 96% para rupturas completas. Para rupturas parciales mostró una sensibilidad de 96% y una especificidad de 33%. El índice de Kappa mostró una concordancia de 0.90 para rupturas totales y de 0.53 para rupturas parciales. CONCLUSIONES: La resonancia magnética demostró una buena sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de rupturas completas, con una buena concordancia con los hallazgos quirúrgicos. La IRM demostró ser un estudio poco específico para la identificación de rupturas parciales, lo cual genera que estas lesiones estén sobrediagnosticadas.

[Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid to decrease perioperative bleeding in primary total reverse arthroplasty]. / Eficacia del ácido tranexámico para disminuir el sangrado perioperatorio en artroplastía total reversa primaria.

INTRODUCTION: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty improves function and pain in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis and rotator cuff deficiency. However, it is associated with significant blood loss and postoperative hematoma (PO) formation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of tranexamic acid (ATXM) to decrease perioperative bleeding in patients undergoing primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cohort of 31 patients undergoing reverse primary arthroplasty, in two groups: group A (17 patients) were given 1 g IV of preoperative tranexamic acid and group B (14 patients) to whom it was not administered. Preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit were recorded and then after 24 hours of surgery, and quantified bleeding in drainage at 24 hours, as well as blood transfusion needs. The changes presented were statistically compared. RESULTS: Demographic data did not show significant differences between the two groups. There is a tendency to reduce bleeding in surgical drainage in patients with ATXM (115.6 ml vs. 162.65 ml p = 0.0768), in the decrease of hemoglobin (2.16 g/dl vs. 2.79 g/dl p = 0.1257) and hematocrit (6.67% vs. 7.95% p = 0.3431). There was a significant reduction in the use of blood products in patients with ATXM (p = 0.0441). CONCLUSION: There is a tendency to have less PO bleeding in patients undergoing primary reverse arthroplasty with the use of ATXM and a lower PO blood transfusion requirement.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artroplastía reversa de hombro mejora la función y el dolor en pacientes con artrosis glenohumeral y deficiencia del manguito de los rotadores. Sin embargo, se asocia con pérdida sanguínea significativa y formación de hematoma en el postoperatorio (PO). OBJETIVO: Determinar la eficacia del ácido tranexámico (ATXM) para disminuir el sangrado perioperatorio en pacientes sometidos a artroplastía reversa primaria de hombro. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte de 31 pacientes sometidos a artroplastía primaria reversa, dos grupos: grupo A (17 pacientes) se les aplicó 1 g intravenoso de ácido tranexámico preoperatorio y el grupo B (14 pacientes) a quienes no se les administró. Se registraron la hemoglobina y el hematocrito preoperatorio y a las 24 horas de la cirugía y el sangrado cuantificado en el drenaje a las 24 horas, así como las necesidades de transfusión sanguínea. Se compararon estadísticamente los cambios presentados. RESULTADOS: Los datos demográficos no demostraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. Hay tendencia a menor sangrado en el drenaje quirúrgico en los pacientes con ATXM (115.6 vs 162.65 ml, p = 0.0768), en la disminución de hemoglobina (2.16 vs 2.79 g/dl, p = 0.1257) y del hematocrito (6.67% vs 7.95% p = 0.3431). Existió una significativa reducción en el uso de hemoderivados en los pacientes con ATXM (p = 0.0441). CONCLUSIONES: Existe una tendencia a presentar menor sangrado PO en pacientes sometidos a artroplastía reversa primaria con el uso del ATXM y un menor requerimiento de transfusión sanguínea PO.

[The travelling fellowship experience]. / Las Becas viajeras.

No Abstract available.

[Diagnostic concordance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Adhesive Capsulitis, between Imaging Centers and a Shoulder Clinic, with surgical correlation]. / Concordancia diagnóstica de capsulitis adhesiva por resonancia magnética entre centros de imagenología y una clínica de reconstrucción articular con correlación quirúrgica.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the MRI findings present an adequate sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis, there is a poor correlation between the imaging results in imaging centers and the diagnosis of a shoulder surgeon and the surgical findings. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis by MRI between imaging centers and the shoulder and elbow surgery service, with subsequent surgical verification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational and comparative study in 41 patients with adhesive capsulitis diagnosis, the concordance among the MRI reports of different radiology cabinets and the Joint reconstruction clinic was calculated, in 10 cases the diagnosis was corroborated by surgery. The index was determinated between both interpretations and the surgical findings. RESULTS: The concordance among the reports analyzed by the shoulder surgeon of the Joint reconstruction clinic and the cabinets was low, with a index of 0.12, in all the surgical cases the presence of adhesive capsulitis was proved with a index of 0.10 with respect to the cabinets reports. CONCLUSION: The imaging findings described in the literature are reliable for the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis. The low concordance with the imaging cabinets leads us to think that it is an underdiagnosed entity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los hallazgos en resonancia magnética (IRM) presentan una adecuada sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de capsulitis adhesiva; sin embargo, existe una baja correlación diagnóstica entre la interpretación realizada en los centros de imagenología y la de la clínica de reconstrucción articular y los hallazgos quirúrgicos. OBJETIVO: Conocer la correlación del diagnóstico de capsulitis adhesiva por IRM entre centros de imagenología y la clínica de reconstrucción articular con posterior comprobación quirúrgica. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional y comparativo en un grupo de 41 pacientes con diagnóstico de capsulitis adhesiva, comparando la concordancia de los reportes de IRM de distintos centros de imagenología y la clínica de reconstrucción articular, se corroboró quirúrgicamente en 10 casos. Se determinó el índice entre ambas interpretaciones y los hallazgos quirúrgicos. RESULTADOS: La concordancia de los reportes analizados por el cirujano de hombro de la clínica de reconstrucción articular y los reportes de los centros de imagenología fue baja con un índice de 0.12, en todos los casos quirúrgicos se corroboró la presencia de capsulitis adhesiva, el índice con los reportes de los centros de imagenología fue de 0.10. CONCLUSIÓN: Los hallazgos en la IRM descritos en la literatura son confiables para el diagnóstico capsulitis adhesiva. La baja concordancia con los centros de imagenología nos orienta a pensar que es una entidad subdiagnosticada por esas instituciones.

[Rotator cuff tear athropathy prevalence]. / Prevalencia de artropatía por desgarro masivo del manguito de los rotadores.

INTRODUCTION: Glenohumeral arthritis secondary to massive rotator cuff tear presents with a superior displacement and femoralization of the humeral head with coracoacromial arch acetabularization. The purpose of this study was to establish prevalence of rotator cuff tear artropathy (CTA) at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four hundred electronic records were reviewed from which we identified 136 patients with rotator cuff tears. A second group was composed with patients with massive cuff tears that were analized and staged by the Seebauer cuff tear arthropathy classification. RESULTS: Thirty four patients with massive rotator cuff tears were identified, 8 male and 26 female (age 60.1 ± 10.26 years). Massive rotator cuff tear prevalence was 25%. CTA prevalence found in the rotator cuff group was 19 and 76% in the massive cuff tears group. Patients were staged according to the classification with 32% in stage 1a, 11% 1b, 32% 2a and 0% 2b. CONCLUSION: CTA prevalence in patients with rotator cuff tears and massive cuff tears is higher than the one reported in American population. We consider that a revision of the Seebauer classification to be appropriate to determine its reliability.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La artropatía por desgarro masivo del manguito de los rotadores (ADMMR) condiciona un desplazamiento de la cabeza humeral acompañada de acetabularización del acromion y femoralización de la glenoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la prevalencia de la ADMMR en el Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación (INR). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia que incluyó la revisión de 400 expedientes para identificar a 136 pacientes con lesión del manguito de los rotadores. Se integró un subgrupo para pacientes con lesión masiva del manguito de los rotadores (LMMR) y ADMMR. Se estudiaron variables y se estadificaron. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes con LMMR (26 mujeres y 8 hombres) con una edad promedio de 60.1 ± 10.26 años. Se registró una prevalencia de 25% de LMMR en el grupo global con lesión del manguito de los rotadores. Asimismo, se buscó la prevalencia de ADMMR en el grupo global y en el subgrupo de lesiones masivas, siendo de 19 y 76%, respectivamente. Los pacientes con LMMR se estadificaron para conocer el grado de ADMMR mediante la clasificación de Seebauer, encontrando 32% con estadios 1a, 11% 1b, 32% 2a, 0% 2b y 23% no presentaban datos de ADMMR. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de ADMMR en pacientes del servicio incluido con lesión del manguito de los rotadores y LMMR es mayor a la reportada en la literatura sajona.

[Total shoulder arthroplasty under monitoring of cerebral perfusion. Report of the first case in Mexico]. / Artroplastía total de hombro bajo monitoreo de la perfusión cerebral. Reporte del primer caso en México.

INTRODUCTION: The maintenance of cerebral perfusion during shoulder surgery performed in the beach chair position is controversial. The aim of this report is to present the first case in Mexico of a total shoulder arthroplasty performed with interscalene block and monitoring of the cerebral oxygen saturation. This monitoring was described in 1977, but only until the last decade has it reached relevance from the clinical point of view. CLINICAL CASE: We present an 84-year-old patient scheduled for total shoulder arthroplasty in beach chair position under regional anesthesia (ultrasound-guided interscalene block) in which the regional oxygen saturation (CrSO2) was monitored. DISCUSSION: Monitoring of cerebral oximetry is a suitable tool that allows us to have a continuous assessment throughout the transanesthetic, so we can make decisions more expeditiously. On this basis, we believe that this type of monitoring should be fundamental in patients placed in a beach chair position, as well as predominantly use regional anesthesia. In cases where it cannot be used, this monitor is absolutely essential.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Desde hace algún tiempo es tema de controversia el mantenimiento de la perfusión cerebral durante la cirugía de hombro realizada en posición de silla de playa. El objetivo de este reporte es presentar el primer caso en México de una artroplastía total de hombro realizada con bloqueo interescalénico y monitoreo de la saturación cerebral de oxígeno. Este monitoreo se describió en 1977, pero sólo hasta la última década ha alcanzado relevancia desde el punto de vista clínico. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 84 años programado para artroplastía total de hombro en posición de silla de playa bajo anestesia regional tipo bloqueo interescalénico guiado por ultrasonido, en la cual se monitoreó la saturación regional de oxígeno (CrSO2). DISCUSIÓN: El monitoreo de la oximetría cerebral es una herramienta adecuada que nos permite tener una valoración continua durante todo el transanestésico, con lo que podemos tomar decisiones de forma más expedita. Con base en esto consideramos que este tipo de monitoreo debe ser básico en pacientes colocados en posición de silla de playa, así como el uso preponderante de anestesia regional; en los casos donde ésta no se pueda utilizar, este monitor es primordial.

[Hip osteosynthesis with IM nail: lateral decubitus without fracture table]. / Osteosíntesis de cadera con clavo centromedular: posición en decúbito lateral, sin mesa de fracturas.

BACKGROUND: Hip fractures have increased in the last decades, mainly in elderly patients with osteoporosis. The incidence becomes in some countries up to 250 thousand new cases per year, generating millions for health systems costs, so it should be considered a public health problem. They are treated in supine position, with a fracture table, through a lateral approach. However, it is important to know that there are other techniques, which can dispense a table of fractures and in a different position. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Show a surgical technique for the treatment of transtrochanteric fractures of hip in lateral decubitus, without a fracture tab le and define its advantages and precise indications. RESULTS: Eight patients, five women (62.5%) and three men (37.5%). Bleeding average 115 cc and average surgical time of 67 minutes. A patient with detachment of the system that ended in Girdlestone. No neurological complications or early infection was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction and fixation of transtrochanteric hip fractures with intramedullary nail without fracture tab le and in lateral decubitus is feasible and with a low level of associated complications.

ANTECEDENTES: Las fracturas de cadera han aumentado en las últimas décadas, principalmente en pacientes mayores con osteoporosis. La incidencia llega a ser en algunos países de hasta 250 mil casos nuevos por año, generando costos millonarios para los sistemas de salud, por lo que se debe de considerar como un problema de salud pública. Los pacientes se tratan, de manera tradicional, en posición decúbito supino, con mesa de fracturas, a través de un abordaje lateral. Sin embargo, es importante saber que existen otras técnicas que pueden prescindir de una mesa de fracturas y en una posición diferente. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Mostrar una técnica quirúrgica para el tratamiento de las fracturas transtrocantéricas de cadera en decúbito lateral, sin necesidad de mesa de fracturas y definir sus ventajas e indicaciones precisas. RESULTADOS: Ocho pacientes, cinco mujeres (62.5%) y tres hombres (37.5%). Sangrado promedio de 115 mL y tiempo quirúrgico promedio de 67 minutos. Un paciente con desanclaje del sistema terminó en Girdlestone. No se documentó ninguna complicación neurológica ni infección temprana. CONCLUSIONES: La reducción y fijación de fracturas transtrocantéricas de cadera con clavo centromedular sin mesa de fracturas y en decúbito lateral es factible y con un nivel bajo de complicaciones asociadas.

[Shoulder arthroplasty in the private practice. Analysis of demographics and comorbid conditions in a sample of 120 patients]. / Artroplastía de hombro en el medio privado. Análisis de las variables demográficas y de comorbilidad en una muestra de 120 pacientes.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographics in a series of shoulder arthroplasty cases operated in a single hospital and by the same surgical team. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 120 shoulder arthroplasties performed between January 2006 and November 2014 were included. The following variables were analyzed: age, gender, baseline diagnosis, type of prosthesis used, comorbid conditions, involved side, occupation, follow-up time, and surgical history. RESULTS: Females accounted for 66% and males 34%; mean age was 66 years and the most frequent diagnosis was arthropathy resulting from rotator cuff tear (30%). The reverse total shoulder prosthesis was used in 51% of cases, followed by the hemiprosthesis in 38%. Seventy per cent of patients were from the Federal District. Arterial hypertension occurred in 23% of cases; 36% of cases had undergone prior surgery; 40% of cases worked at home. CONCLUSION: Shoulder arthroplasty is a procedure frequently performed at this hospital. Our case series reports a significant number of cases in which the demographics may give us an overview of shoulder arthroplasty in Mexican patients and describe the characteristics of patients eligible for this procedure, as there are no other registries available.

[Total shoulder arthroplasty with interscalene block. Feasibility study]. / Artroplastía total de hombro con bloqueo interescalénico. Estudio de factibilidad.

INTRODUCTION: General anesthesia is considered as the technique of choice for shoulder surgery, either alone or combined. We propose to show the feasibility of using guided interscalene block as the single anesthetic technique for total shoulder arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Neurostimulation-guided interscalene block plus sedation with dexmedetomidine were used. The following were measured intraoperatively: latency time, intraoperative analgesia, motor block according to Monzo's scale, success rate, adverse events and complications. The following were measured postoperatively: duration of postoperative analgesia and pain intensity with a visual analogue scale at 6, 12 and 24 hours. Patient satisfaction was also measured. RESULTS: Intraoperative analgesia was appropriate in 100% of patients. Motor block was grade 0 in 76.4% and grade 1 in 23.6%, which is appropriate for surgery. The success rate was 100%. Mean postoperative pain at 6 hours was 0.13 +/- 0.54 points in the visual analogue scale; 1.67 +/- 1.15 at 12 hours, and 3.15 +/- 1.66 points at 24 hours. 54.5% of patients were very satisfied and 45.5% were satisfied. Complications occurred in 8.18%. CONCLUSION: This type of surgery is feasible with interscalene block plus sedation; it is a safe and efficacious technique.

[The Seebauer classification for the staging of arthropathy due to rotator cuff massive tear: intra- and interobserver concordance analysis]. / Clasificación de Seebauer para la estadificación de la artropatía por desgarro masivo del manguito de los rotadores: Análisis de concordancia intra e inter-observador.

INTRODUCTION: L. Seebauer developed a radiologic classification of arthropathy due to massive rotator cuff tear, based on the medial and/or proximal displacement of the humeral head as a result of disease progression. The purpose of this paper is to conduct an evaluation of the concordance of such classification. METHODS: A group of 34 patients with massive rotator cuff lesion was created. Their X-rays were reviewed and classified by 5 independent observers. An inter- and intraobserver concordance analysis was carried out using the Kappa index, and the results were interpreted according to the Landis and Kock criteria. RESULTS: The intraobserver concordance determined for the 5 observers showed that the one with the greatest experience had an agreement close to 100%; the interobserver concordance found that only 2 of the 5 observers had moderate agreement and, finally, the interobserver concordance of the stages of classification 2A showed a substantial agreement, while a moderate agreement was found for IA and IB. DISCUSSION: An important variability was found in the intraobserver concordance, where the capacity to reproduce the same results depends on the observer's experience. The results of the interobserver concordance show that the criteria established by Seebauer are insufficient to be reproduced. Finally, in the concordance among the stages a moderate agreement was found in each of the stages. CONCLUSION: The results of this paper show that the Seebauer classification is experience-dependent, which hinders its routine use by orthopedists not sufficiently trained on shoulder surgery or by residents in training.

Disability impact on quality of life in Mexican adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and juvenile ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the disability impact on quality of life (QOL) in Mexican adults with juvenile idiopathic arthritis polyarticular course (JIAPA) and juvenile ankylosing spondylitis (JAS). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 32 adult patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Functional outcome was evaluated using Global Functional Status (GFS) according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and Spanish Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) arthritis-specific measurements for functional disability in patients with polyarticular course and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) for those who developed JAS. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed using SF-36 and EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D). Descriptive statistics and associations among clinical, functional, and QOL measurements were examined using Spearman's correlation test. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate predictor factors for impaired QOL. Differences between groups were evaluated by Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests, and p values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: JIAPA and JAS had GFS III/IV in 65 and 50%, respectively. A HAQ-DI score of > 1.5 was found in 35% of JIAPA, and a BASFI score of > 5 in 92% of JAS. Patients with JIAPA and JAS reported lower scores for all physical domains and for mental domains (physical role, social functioning, and emotional role) compared with Mexican population scores (p < 0.005). Health status between both groups studied does not show significant differences (p > 0.05). EQ-5D showed impairment in all five dimensions for both groups studied. Multiple regression analysis showed that GFS was the only variable that affects QOL assessed by SF36. CONCLUSIONS: In our study population, JIAPA and JAS exhibited a great disability impact on QOL and poor functional outcome during the patients' adult life. GFS has a significant impact on quality of life.