ABSTRACT
Objetivos. Valorar la adecuación a las guías clínicas (GOLD/SEPAR) del diagnóstico de los pacientes calificados de Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC). Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron todos los casos de EPOC del registro de pacientes crónicos de 28 cupos de 9 centros de salud de la provincia de Ourense, incluyéndose 382 casos donde se determinó la existencia de un diagnóstico correcto según resultados espirométricos. Se determinaron los factores asociados al diagnóstico correcto mediante regresión logística donde fueron incluidos edad, sexo, residencia (rural/urbana), tabaquismo, gravedad, nivel de seguimiento y tiempo desde el diagnóstico. Resultados. Eran varones 297 (77,7%) y 172 (45,0%) procedían del medio rural. La media (DE) de edad era 77,0 (±11,0) años, siendo al diagnóstico de 64,9 (±12,0) años y 11,5 (±8,0) años de tiempo de evolución. El 64,9% era o había sido fumador. Se diagnosticaron en atención primaria 26 casos (6,8%). El índice VEF1/CVF estaba registrado en 174 (45,5%) pacientes, siendo menor de 0,7 en 138 casos (36,1%), que se consideraron bien diagnosticados. En estos pacientes figuraba registrado el VEF1 en 125 casos (90,6%). El diagnóstico correcto se asociaba a enfermedad grave o muy grave (OR 5,2; IC95 1,5-17,4), procedencia urbana (OR 6,1; IC95 1,7-21,2) y edad igual o menor de 60 años (OR 3,7; IC95 1,3-11,2). Conclusión. En la historia clínica de atención primaria de los pacientes diagnosticados de EPOC existía escaso registro espirométrico y baja adecuación a los criterios diagnósticos aceptados en las guías de uso habitual (AU)
Objectives. To assess the adequacy to the clinical guides (GOLD/SEPAR) for the diagnosis of the patients classified as COPD. Material and methods. We selected all COPD cases in the registry of chronic patients of 28 general practitioners from 9 Health Centres in the province of Ourense (Spain). A total of 382 cases were included. Diagnostic accuracy was determined according to the results of spirometry. We identify factors associated with correct diagnosis by logistic regression which included age, gender, residence (rural/urban), smoking, severity, level of follow up and time since diagnosis. Results. Of the total number included, 297 were male (77.7%) and 172 patients (45.0%) came from rural areas. The average age was 77.0 (SD=±11.0) years, with a mean age at diagnosis of 64.9 (±12.0) years and the time from diagnosis was 11.5 (±8.0) years. Less than half (49.1%) patients had been smokers, and 13.1% still smoked. Twenty-six cases (6.8%) were diagnosed in Primary Care. The FEV1/FVC ratio was recorded in 174 (45.5%) patients, with less than 0.7 in 138 cases (36.1%), which were considered as correctly diagnosed. In these patients the FEV1 had been recorded in 125 cases (90.6%). A correct diagnosis was associated with severe or very severe disease (OR 5.2; 95% CI; 1.5-17.4), urban areas (OR 6.1; 95% CI, 1.7-21.2), and younger than 60 years (OR 3.7; 95% CI, 1.3-11.2). Conclusion. The number of spirometry results recorded in the Primary Care medical records of patients diagnosed with COPD was found to be low, and with little adaptation to the accepted diagnostic criteria in the guidelines that are used routinely (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Spirometry/instrumentation , Spirometry/methods , Medical Audit/organization & administration , Medical Audit/standards , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Continuity of Patient Care/standards , Continuity of Patient Care/trends , Logistic Models , Spirometry , Spirometry/statistics & numerical data , Spirometry/trends , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Medical Audit/trends , Medical AuditABSTRACT
Algunos pacientes presentan respuestas a la enfermedad muy diferentes a las esperadas según el vigente paradigma de la medicina occidental. La antropología y la sociología médicas ofrecen una explicación plausible de estas diferencias. Características intrínsecas del individuo, creencias sobre la enfermedad y la relación con el grupo social de pertenencia mediatizan con frecuencia dicha respuesta. Entre otros, el medio rural ofrece la posibilidad de comprobar la influencia de las diferentes alternativas que sobre la concepción de la enfermedad y el papel de enfermo pueden tener los individuos (AU)
Some patients have very different responses to the disease than those expected under the current paradigm of Western medicine. Anthropology and medical sociology offer a plausible explanation for these differences. Intrinsic characteristics of individual beliefs about the disease and its relationship with social group membership often mediate this response. Among others, rural areas offer the possibility to check the influence of the various concepts that individuals may have of the disease and the role of the patient (AU)
