ABSTRACT
The work was performed in framework of the State program for the improvement of the competitiveness of Kazan (Volga) Federal University among the world's leading research and education centers and subsidies unveiled to Kazan Federal University to perform public tasks in the field of scientific research. In the current methodological recommendations "Guide for assessing the risk to public health under the influence of chemicals that pollute the environment," P 2.1.10.1920-04 there is regulated the determination of quantitative and/or qualitative characteristics of the harmful effects to human health from exposure to environmental factors. We proposed to complement the methodological approaches presented in P 2.1.10.1920-04, with the estimation of the probability of pollutants input in the body with drinking water which is the greater, the higher the order of the excess of the actual concentrations of the substances in comparison with background concentrations. In the paper there is proposed a method of calculation of the probability of exceeding the actual concentrations of metal cations above the background in samples of drinking water consumed by the population, which were selected at the end points of consumption in houses and apartments, to accommodate the passage of secondary pollution ofwater pipelines and distributing paths. Research was performed on the example of Kazan, divided into zones. The calculation of probabilities was made with the use of Bayes' theorem.
Subject(s)
Drinking Water/analysis , Environmental Monitoring , Metals, Heavy/analysis , Models, Biological , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis , Bayes Theorem , Cations , Cities , Drinking Water/standards , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Environmental Monitoring/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Probability , TatarstanABSTRACT
Work was performed within the framework of the State program of competitive recovery of Kazan (Volga) Federal University among the world's leading research and education centers and subsidies allocated to Kazan Federal University for the implementation of Public task in the field of scientific activities. In the paper there are presented results of the risk assessment for children's health, with allowances made for evolving cationic-anionic pattern of tap waters while moving along pipelines and distributing networks, discriminatingly on study area. The population health risk assessment was performed according to public health regulatory methods P 2.1.10.1920-04 in relation to the ionic composition of tap water consumed by children's population of the city of Kazan. The use of a risk assessment in consumption of tap water by the most susceptible population group with localized residence allows to identify zones in the boundaries of the urban area in which water is needed post-treatment of tap waters flowing to consumers.
Subject(s)
Child Health , Environmental Illness/epidemiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Water Pollutants/adverse effects , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Tatarstan/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The efficacy of monophosphonate dimephosphon and diphosphonate xydiphon was compared by experiments in rats with an osteoporosis model induced by the chronic administration of prednisolone. The glucocorticosteroid decreased the total density of trabecules (in both bone and cartilage tissues) in histological micropreparations of lumbar vertebrae and reduced the total bone cell count and the calcium content in the bone tissue. Dimephosphon, administered on the prednisolone background over the same period of time, normalized the total relative density of trabecules (by increasing the cartilage content), the total bone cell count, and the calcium content. Under the same conditions, xydiphone normalized the total relative density of trabecules (by increasing the bone content), but did not influence the prednisolone-decreased content of cartilage, total cell count, and calcium content in the vertebrae. Thus, the test results reveal a significant advantage of dimephosphon over xydiphone.
