ABSTRACT
Escitalopram oxalate (EO) is considered as one of the extensively prescribed antidepressant drug in Turkey and some other countries, therefore this research was aimed to study the interaction of the drug with DNA and study of the substance effect on bacterial growth. The absorption value of the drug solution at 238 nm was increased when DNA was added gradually to it and it showed hyperchromism effect. The value obtained for DNA binding constant (Kb) was 0.035 M -1. When we added the CuCl2 2H2O to the mixture, any breakage was not shown in double strand DNA in comparison with control DNA. In addition low concentration of EO couldn't protect DNA (0.5273 µmole bp) against Hydroxyl free radical (0.12 µmole) although it could protect the DNA when it was at the same or higher concentrations (0.5273, 5.273 and 252.73 µmole) than the DNA concentration. In addition, MIC of the drug for E.coli and Bacillus subtilis was almost 0.185 mM and 0.55 mM respectively. The E.coli strain was killed at concentrations 45, 15, 5 mM while the Bacillus subtilis was stable against all of the concentrations.
Subject(s)
Citalopram/toxicity , DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects , Mutagenicity Tests/methods , Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/toxicity , Bacillus subtilis/drug effects , Copper/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plasmids/drug effects , Plasmids/geneticsABSTRACT
Flurbiprofen (FLB) (anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug) and roxithromycin (RXM) (antibiotic) were widely used in world wide. This study deals with investigation of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and oxidative stress effects of a particular combination of these drugs in human cultured lymphocytes. Also, DNA damaging-protective effects of combination of these drugs were analyzed on plasmid DNA. Human lymphocytes were treated with different concentrations (FLB + RXM; 10 µg/mL + 25 µg/mL, 15 µg/mL + 50 µg/mL, and 20 µg/mL + 100 µg/mL) of the drugs following by study of their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects by analysis of cytokinesis-block micronucleus test and nuclear division index, respectively. The effect of the combination in aspect of anti-oxidative and DNA damaging activity was evaluated on Pet-22b plasmid. According to our results, the combination of FLB and RXM did not show a notable genotoxic effect on cells. Although each of the substances had been shown as a cytotoxic agent by previous researchers, in this research, the combination of these drugs did not exhibit any adverse effect on cell division. FLB had DNA protection effect against H2O2 while in combination with RXM had not the same effect on the plasmid.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/toxicity , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , DNA Damage , Flurbiprofen/toxicity , Roxithromycin/toxicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Cell Division/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Female , Flurbiprofen/administration & dosage , Flurbiprofen/pharmacology , Humans , Lymphocytes/drug effects , Lymphocytes/pathology , Male , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plasmids , Roxithromycin/administration & dosage , Roxithromycin/pharmacology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Flurbiprofen is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug which is commonly used for its analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the study was to explore the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of flurbiprofen in human cultured lymphocytes by sister chromatid exchange, chromosome aberration, and cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus tests. 10, 20, 30, and 40 µg/mL concentrations of flurbiprofen (solvent is DMSO) were used to treatment of human cultured lymphocytes at two different treatment periods (24 and 48 h). Flurbiprofen had no significant genotoxic effect in any of these tests. But exposing to flurbiprofen for 24 and 48 h led to significant decrease on proliferation index, mitotic index, and nuclear division index (NDI). Also, all decreases were concentration-dependent (except NDI at 24 h treatment period). Consequently, the findings of this research showed that flurbiprofen had cytotoxic effects in human blood lymphocytes.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/toxicity , Chromosome Aberrations/chemically induced , Flurbiprofen/toxicity , Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects , Adult , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective/chemically induced , Mitotic Index , Mutagenicity Tests , Young AdultABSTRACT
Botulinum neurotoxin type E heavy chain consists of two domains: N-terminal half as a translocation domain and C-terminal half (Hcc) as a binding domain. In this research a synthetic gene fragment encoding the binding domain of botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E-Hcc) was highly expressed in Escherichia coli by pGEX4T-1 vector. After purification, the recombinant BoNT/E-Hcc was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and western blot (immunoblot) analysis. Average yields obtained in this research were 3.7 mg recombinant BoNT/E-Hcc per liter of bacterial culture. The recombinant protein was injected in mice for study of its protection ability against botulinum neurotoxin type E challenges. The challenge studies showed that, vaccinated mice were fully protected against 104 × minimum lethal dose of botulinum neurotoxin type E.
