ABSTRACT
El estudio analiza las condiciones nutricionales, desarrollo madurativo y el estado emocional en niños/as y adolescentes (NNA) de comunidades ecuatorianas de minería artesanal; en comparación con NNA de comunidades ubicadas en la zona de influencia del proyecto megaminero "Fruta del Norte", concesionado a la multinacional Kinross Aurelian, actualmente en fase de exploración avanzada1. Se realizó un diseño no experimental de tipo analítico que fue aplicado al universo de las poblaciones seleccionadas. La investigación se estructuró en dos componentes, el primero caracterizó a las comunidades de pequeña minería y megaminería, determinando los patrones diferenciales de exposición, para esto se utilizó una entrevista semi estructurada aplicada durante asamblea en cada comunidad de estudio. Por otro lado, se aplicó una evaluación antropométrica y los Test Visomotor de Bender y Sacks, a todos los NNA de las comunidades seleccionadas. Si bien, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las condiciones nutricionales, la investigación revela una diferencia importante en la presencia de desajustes emocionales y retrasos en el desarrollo evolutivo en los NNA de las comunidades cercanas al proyecto megaminero, concluyendo que las condiciones de ruptura del tejido social y el incremento de conflictos comunitarios atribuidos a la presencia de la multinacional, son determinantes de los impactos en salud.
The study proposes an analysis of the nutritional conditions, maturity development and the emotional state of the children and adolescents (NNA) that live in Ecuadorian communities of artisanal mining; in comparison with the children and adolescents of the communities located in the area of influence of the mega mining project "Fruta del Norte", managed by the multinational Kinross-Aurelian. This project is currently in the phase of 'advanced exploration'. A non-experimental analytic design was applied to the universe of selected populations. The research was divided into two components. The first component characterized by small mining communities in comparison with a big scale mining communities determining differential patterns of exposure through a semi structured interview applied during an assembly in each community. The second component used an anthropometric evaluation, Bender visualmotor tests and Sacks test, to evaluate all of the NNA at the selected communities. While not significant differences were found in the nutritional conditions, an increase of emotional disorders and evolutionary developmental deficiencies among the children and adolescents of the communities close to the mega mining project. The research concludes that the conditions of the social tissue rupture and the increases of community conflicts which were attributed to the presence of the multinational are determinants of health impacts
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Stress, Psychological , Child , Nutritional Status , Residence Characteristics , Diagnosis of Health Situation in Specific Groups , Mental HealthABSTRACT
La coyuntura actual de políticas educativas de cobertura, calidad, equidad y diversidad imponen desafíos a los establecimientos educacionales, especialmente a los municipales, los cuales deben desarrollar estrategias orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes que se encuentran en sus aulas, capitalizando sus fortalezas. Esta investigación es de naturaleza exploratoria con una metodología mixta explicativa. Se presentan los resultados de la primera fase del estudio que corresponde al análisis de proyectos educativos y a la caracterización de estudiantes sobresalientes. Se analizaron los resultados obtenidos de 1.536 estudiantes provenientes de 18 establecimientos educacionales de las comunas de Antofagasta y Calama (Chile). A partir del análisis y de acuerdo a indicadores de talento académico, la muestra fue caracterizada en cuatro grupos de estudiantes: estudiantes sobresalientes, sub-nominados, sobre-exigidos y promedio. La categoría de estudiantes sub-nominados plantea cuestionamientos referentes a la metodología de identificación de estudiantes con talento en los programas chilenos, fuertemente cimentada en la nominación docente. Se advierte la necesidad de generar rutas alternativas, como la autonominación. Para concluir, se hacen algunas sugerencias alrededor de las políticas públicas en relación con la educación para estudiantes sobresalientes en particular para Chile, pero pueden ser en buena medida transferidas a otros casos a través de Iberoamérica.
The current situation of coverage, quality, equity and diversity in educational policies pose new challenges to educational institutions, especially the public ones, which must develop strategies to meet the needs of students who are in their classrooms capitalizing their strengths. With an exploratory research and a mixed explicative research methodology, we present the results the first phase of this study, corresponding to institutional educational projects analysis and characterization of outstanding students. We analyzed the results of 1,536 students from 18 educational institutions from Antofagasta and Calama (Chile). From the analysis and according to indicators of academic talent, the sample was characterized in four groups of students: outstanding, sub-nominated, over-constrained, and average. The sub-nominated student category raises questions concerning to the methodology for identifying talented and gifted students in Chilean programs, strongly grounded in teacher nomination. These findings note the need to generate alternative routes, such as self-nomination. To conclude, we give some suggestions on public policy regarding education for outstanding students in Chile. However these can be largely transferred to other cases throughout Ibero-America.
Subject(s)
Psychology, Educational , Chile , Education, Primary and SecondaryABSTRACT
The northeastern Ecuadorian border has undergone aerial spraying with an herbicide mix that contains surfactants and adjuvants, executed by the Colombian Government. The purpose of this study was to diagnose social, health, and genetic aspects of the people affected by glyphosate. For this objective to be achieved, 144 people were interviewed, and 521 medical diagnoses and 182 peripheral blood samples were obtained. Genotyping of GSTP1 Ile105Val, GPX-1 Pro198Leu, and XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphisms were analyzed, using PCR-RFLP technique. The assessment of chromosomal aberrations was performed, obtaining 182 karyotypes. Malnutrition in children was 3%. Of the total population, 7.7% had children with malformations, and the percentage of abortions was 12.7%. Concerning genotyping, individuals with GSTP1 Val/Val obtained an odds ratio of 4.88 (p < 0.001), and Ile/Val individuals, together with Val/Val individuals, had an odds ratio of 2.6 (p < 0.05). In addition, GPX-1 Leu/Leu individuals presented an odds ratio (OR) of 8.5 (p < 0.05). Regarding karyotyping, the 182 individuals had normal karyotypes. In conclusion, the study population did not present significant chromosomal and DNA alterations. The most important social impact was fear. We recommend future prospective studies to assess the communities.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Glycine/analogs & derivatives , Herbicides/poisoning , Ecuador/epidemiology , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Glycine/poisoning , Health Status , Health Surveys , Humans , Karyotyping , Male , Mutation , Socioeconomic Factors , GlyphosateABSTRACT
A gravidez altera o controle da glicose e a necessidade de insulina. Os fatores de risco para o diabetes gestacional são, entre outros, obesidade ou ganho de peso excessivo durante a gravidez atual e deposição central excessiva de gordura corporal. O objetivo geral do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de diabetes gestacional em gestantes no Centro de Saúde n.º 07 (CSB 07) da Regional Sul de Saúde, de Brasília DF. O objetivo específico foi verificar a relação entre Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) gestacional e diabetes gestacional. O estudo foi realizado no CSB 07 da RegionalSul de Saúde, de Brasília DF. A amostra foi composta por todas as gestantes que compareceram ao CSB 07, no período de setembro de 2005 a maio de 2006, para consulta na ginecologia. Aquelas que apresentaramglicemia de jejum alterada ou Teste de Tolerância Oral à Glicose compatíveis com diabetes gestacional foram encaminhadas à nutricionista para estabelecer o Índice de Massa Corporal gestacional e elaboração de umplano alimentar específico a cada caso.Resultados e Conclusões: A prevalência de diabetes gestacional noCSB 07 foi de 6,6%. Destas, 26,3% eram obesas e 26,3% apresentavamsobrepeso. Quanto às demais gestantes, 42,1% possuíam peso adequadoe 5,3% baixo peso. Conclui-se que a prevalência de diabetes mellitusgestacional no CSB 07, assim como demonstrado em outros estudos, émaior entre as gestantes com sobrepeso e obesas. Esses fatores de riscodevem servir de alerta aos pré-natalistas, a fim de que a identificação econtrole desse agravo ocorram de forma oportuna, reduzindo a morbimortalidadematerna e perinatal.
Obesidade.Pregnancy changes the necessity of glucose and insulin.The risk factors for gestational diabetes are obesity or excessive weight gain during pregnancy, central obesity, among others. The general purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes in pregnant women at Health Center n. 07 of Regional Sul of Brasília DF. The specific purpose was to check the relation between the gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) and gestational diabetes. The study was carried out at the Health Center n. 07 of Regional Sul. The sample consisted of all pregnant women who attended the Health Center n. 07 from September, 2005 to May, 2006 to take medical advice. Those who had rapid blood glucose changes or those whose Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) detected diabetes were directed to a nutritionist, who should establish their gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) and create a specific diet for each case.Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes at Health Center n. 07 was 6,6%; from these women, 26,3% were obese and26,3% were overweight. Of the other pregnant women, 42,1% had anadequate weight and 5,3% low weight. The conclusion is that the prevalenceof gestational diabetes at Health Center n. 07, as showed in otherstudies, is higher in overweight and obese pregnant women. These riskfactors must serve as an alert to prenatal doctors so that the identificationand control of this grievance can occur in the most efficient way,reducing the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates.
