Injury incidence and characteristics in adolescent female football players: A systematic review with meta-analysis of prospective studies.

To observe overall, training, and match injury incidence in female youth football. We also aimed to quantify the incidence of injuries by affected tissue and body location. The following databases were examined: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane and PEDro. Papers that reported overall injury incidence, training or match injury incidence were included. Additionally, studies had to be performed in adolescent female football players (13-19 years of age). The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the checklist of items that must be included in epidemiological football reports were used to assess methodological quality of the included articles. For the meta-analyses, a random effect model was used. A total of 13 studies were included. There were 2,333 injuries; incidence was higher during games (12.7/1000 h) compared to training sessions (2.3/1000 h). The injury match-to-training ratio was 5.8. The lower limbs were the region in which the greatest number of injuries occurred, with the ankle (1.2/1000 h) and knee (0.8/1000 h) having the most injuries. In relation to injured tissue, ligament injuries represented an incidence of 1.3/1000 h, followed by muscle injuries (0.9/1000 h). This study represents the first step towards the creation and implementation of preventative measures in female youth football. The results suggest that attention should be focused on ankle and knee injuries, since they are the most frequent and can lead to sport retirement in some cases depending on the severity.

Ethnicity-Based Variations in Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling in Glioblastoma Gene Expression: A Study of the Puerto Rican Hispanic Population.

Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive form of brain cancer, has a higher incidence in non-Hispanics when compared to the US Hispanic population. Using data from RT-PCR analysis of 21 GBM tissue from Hispanic patients in Puerto Rico, we identified significant correlations in the gene expression of focal adhesion kinase and proline-rich tyrosine kinase (PTK2 and PTK2B) with NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor B), EGFR (epithelial growth factor receptor), and CXCR1 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1). This study further explores these correlations found in gene expression while accounting for sex and ethnicity. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations with an r value > ±0.7 were subsequently contrasted with mRNA expression data acquired from cBioPortal for 323 GBM specimens. Significant correlations in Puerto Rican male patients were found between PTK2 and PTK2B, NGFR, PDGFRB, EGFR, and CXCR1, which did not arise in non-Hispanic male patient data. The data for Puerto Rican female patients showed correlations in PTK2 with PTK2B, NGFR, PDGFRB, and EGFR, all of which did not appear in the data for non-Hispanic female patients. The data acquired from cBioPortal for non-Puerto Rican Hispanic patients supported the correlations found in the Puerto Rican population for both sexes. Our findings reveal distinct correlations in gene expression patterns, particularly involving PTK2, PTK2B, NGFR, PDGFRB, and EGFR among Puerto Rican Hispanic patients when compared to non-Hispanic counterparts.

The effect of match congestion on hip adductor squeeze strength in youth rink hockey players

Introduction Groin injuries are common among rink hockey players. Monitoring the main risk factors can reduce the likelihood of suffering such injury. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a competitive congestion period on the squeeze strength of the hip adductor muscles in a group of adolescent rink hockey players, and whether the strength reduction exceeded the injury risk threshold (>15%) for sustaining a groin injury. Materials and Methods Twenty U-16 athletes (9 females) participated in the study. Eighty-three adductor strength measurements were recorded after 10 games (2109 min of play). Function was assessed using the Sport subscale of the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) questionnaire. A simple linear regression model was used to analyze the accumulated time-strength relationship, and the pre-tournament and post-tournament HAGOS results were compared. Results The accumulation of games resulted in a significant strength reduction in male players' (R2= 0.27), but not in females. Eighty-five percent of the sample had their strength reduced to values at risk compared to baseline strength, but none of them stopped their activity due to discomfort in the groin region. HAGOS results were not affected by the competitive congestion (p = 0.07–0.48). Conclusion Match congestion can negatively impact adductor strength. However, there may not be a relationship between strength loss above 15% and the appearance of a groin injury. (AU)

Epidemiology of injuries in elite female rink hockey players: A two season observational study.

OBJECTIVES: To record the time-loss injuries of female rink hockey players and describe the affected region, tissue, and onset of injury. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING: First (Ok Liga) and Second (Plata) division clubs. PARTICIPANTS: 280 player-seasons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of overall, training, and match injuries (number of injuries per 1000 h) from two seasons. RESULTS: A total of 229 injuries occurred in 56,438 h of exposure. The overall incidence was 4 injuries per 1000 h (4/1000 h), with a significantly higher rate of injuries during matches (15.2/1000 h) compared to training sessions (2.6/1000 h) (p < 0.001). Injuries affecting the lower limb were the most common (2.3/1000 h), followed by upper limb (1.2/1000 h), and head/trunk (0.6/1000 h). The tissue with the highest incidence of injury was the muscle/tendon (1.3/1000 h), followed by the ligament (0.8/1000 h). Around one in every three injuries (31%) affected either the thigh or hip/groin (73 injuries). CONCLUSIONS: The injury incidence in elite female rink hockey is moderate and occurs mainly during match sessions. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the thigh, and hip/groin.

Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: Whole-Genome Sequencing to Assist Management and Prognosis.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) harbor unique genetic mutations which may play a role in prognostication and management. To this end, we present the largest cohort of IMSCTs with genetic characterization in the literature from our multi-site institutional registry. A total of 93 IMSCT patient records were reviewed from the years 1999 to 2020. Out of these, 61 complied with all inclusion criteria, 14 of these patients had undergone genetic studies with 8 undergoing whole-genomic sequencing. Univariate analyses were used to assess any factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) using the Cox proportional hazards model. Firth's penalized likelihood approach was used to account for the low event rates. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare whole-genome analyses and specific gene mutations with progression. PFS (months) was given as a hazard ratio. Only the absence of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was shown to be significant (0.05, p = 0.008). Additionally, higher risk of recurrence/progression was associated with LOH (p = 0.0179). Our results suggest LOH as a genetic predictor of shorter progression-free survival, particularly within ependymoma and glioblastoma tumor types. Further genomic research with larger multi-institutional datasets should focus on these mutations as possible prognostic factors.

Injury characteristics of young elite inline speed skaters: A one season retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs. This observational and retrospective study was to examine the injuries sustained by elite young Spanish inline speed skaters during a season. METHODS: Athletes participating in the national championship (n = 80) were surveyed via an anonymous online questionnaire to screen for injury characteristics: incidence, location, and tissue affected; plus training information and demographics. RESULTS: A total of 52 injuries were recorded across 33,351 hours of exposure, which gives a rate of 1.65/1,000 h. The lower body comprised 79% of the total amount of injuries (1.3/1000 h), and the main areas affected were the thigh and foot, accounting for 25% and 19.2% of the recorded injuries, respectively. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, with an incidence of 0.92/1000 h. No significant gender differences were observed for any of the variables studied. CONCLUSION: Speed skating can be considered a low injury rate sport based on our findings. The risk of sustaining an injury was independent of gender, age, and BMI.

Isokinetic thigh muscles strength in semi-professional athletics: A one season prospective cohort study

Introduction: Continuous evaluations of athletes, including strength testing, can help control performance improvement or facilitate the restoration of normality after an injury. The aim of the present study was to prospectively determine the peak torque (PT), angle at which PT is achieved, and functional ratios of flexors and extensors thigh muscles during one season. Material and methods Thirty semi-professional male athletes competing in long jumping (n = 10), javelin throwing (n = 10), and sprinting (n = 10) participated. PT was evaluated in relation to limb length; the angle at which PT was achieved was obtained from the force-curve displayed in the isokinetic dynamometer; functional ratios were calculated by dividing concentric hamstring strength by eccentric quadriceps strength (flexor ratio) or vice-versa for the extensor ratio. Assessment was performed at 60º/s and 300º/s. Results Significant variations were seen for both extensor and flexor PTs at different stages of the season, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (effect size (d) = 0.49–0.93). Functional ratios and the angle at which peak torque was achieved remained stable throughout the season. Conclusions Thigh muscle strength is unstable throughout a track and field season, coaches or medical staff should consider these findings when programming training sessions or rehabilitating an athlete. (AU)

TransOrbital NeuroEndoscopic Surgery for Biopsy of the Left Cavernous Sinus: A Literature Review, Case Report, and Cadaveric Proof of Concept.

The aim of this report is to describe TransOrbital NeuroEndoscopic Surgery (TONES) as a safe alternative for obtaining a cavernous sinus (CS) biopsy. We describe this technique in a patient with a diffuse large B cell lymphoma mimicking Tolosa-Hunt's syndrome. Articles were gathered querying PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases with terms related to a "transorbital neuroendoscopic approach." The literature search was performed by two independent authors (N.L.F. and J.R.), with inconsistencies resolved by the senior author (M.M.D.V.). After screening abstracts for relevance, full-length articles were reviewed for pertinent variables. A comparison was conducted with the illustrative case of a 69-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with vertigo, ophthalmoplegia, and diplopia for 2 months. A brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed an infiltrative lesion at the left CS. A presumptive diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome was made, but a confirmatory biopsy was performed using TONES. Based on our cadaveric study, literature review, and case report, the TONES approach was safe, effective for tissue diagnosis, and associated with minor morbidity and reduced hospital stay. Additional prospective studies are required to study its viability and safety in a larger group of patients.

Funcionalidad y fuerza de aductores en jugadores de hockey sobrepatines de alto nivel / Adductor functionality and strength in high-level rink hockey players

Objetivo: Evaluar la fuerza de los músculos aductores y la funcionalidad en jugadores de hockey sobre patines de alto nively su relación con sufrir dolor inguinal (DI) en la temporada anterior. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal donde se registraron los valores de fuerza mediante el Squeeze Test de5 segundos (5SST), y la funcionalidad de la cadera e ingle mediante el cuestionario Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) enuna población de 11 jugadores de hockey sobre patines de alto nivel. Resultados: La prevalencia total de DI fue de 81,8% (en la anterior temporada el 54% sufrió DI), de los cuales un 18,2% llegóa detener la práctica deportiva. La fuerza media para el 5SST es de 254,68N (3,25Nm/kg) y la funcionalidad alcanzó los 90/100puntos en el cuestionario HAGOS para toda la muestra. La fuerza muscular fue similar entre jugadores que habían sufridoDI con pérdida de tiempo durante la última temporada y jugadores sanos en (p =0,261-0,948; g: 0,04-0,85). Se encontrarondiferencias significativas en las siguientes subescalas del cuestionario HAGOS: Dolor, actividades deportivas y recreacionales,y calidad de vida entre ambos grupos (p =0,005-0,042; g: 0,34-2,65; r: 0,3-0,61). Conclusión: Más de la mitad de los jugadores sufrieron DI, de los cuales un tercio llegó a detener su actividad. La funcionalidadmedida a través del HAGOS se erige como el principal indicador que mostró diferencias entre grupos. Los servicios médicosde jugadores jóvenes de hockey sobre patines deberían usar este cuestionario para poder detectar precozmente la aparicióny evitar la progresión de esta lesión.(AU)

Objective: To evaluate adductor strength and groin function in high level rink hockey players and its relationship with groinpain in the previous season. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was performed where hip/groin strength and function was assessed via 5seconds Squeeze Test and Hip and Groin Ouctome Score in 11 high level rink hockey players. Results: Overall prevalence for groin pain was 81.8% (54% of the participants suffered groin pain during the previous season),and 18.2% suffered time-loss groin pain. Mean strength in the 5SST was 254.68N (3.25Nm/Kg) and HAGOS questionnairereached 90/100 points in the whole sample. Similar adductor strength values were observed between healthy athletes andpreviously injured who suffered time-loss groin pain (P=0.261-0.948; g: 0.04-0.85). Statistically significant differences werefound for the following HAGOS subscales: Pain, function, sports and recreational activities, and quality of life between groups(P=0.005-0.042; g: 0.34-2.65; r: 0.3-0.61). Conclusion: More than a half of the participants suffered groin pain, of which one third suffered time-loss groin pain. Functionassessed via HAGOS seems to be the main proxy that discriminates between groups. Medical staff should implement thisquestionnaire to detect and avoid the progression of this injury.(AU)

Changes in liver enzymes are associated with changes in insulin resistance, inflammatory biomarkers and leptin in prepubertal children with obesity.

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity. A subclinical inflammation state, endothelial dysfunction, and parameters related to metabolic syndrome (MetS), have been documented in children with obesity. We aimed to determine the changes that occur in liver enzymes levels in response to the standard treatment of childhood obesity, also assessing any associations with liver enzyme levels, leptin, and markers of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and parameters related to MetS in prepubertal children. METHODS: We carried out a longitudinal study in prepubertal children (aged 6-9 years) of both sexes with obesity; a total of 63 participants were recruited. Liver enzymes, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), leptin, homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), and parameters related to MetS were measured. RESULTS: After standard treatment for 9 months, children who lowered their standardised body mass index (SDS-BMI) had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p = 0.0242), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0002), HOMA-IR (p = 0.0061), and levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.0048), CRP (p = 0.0001), sICAM-1 (p = 0.0460), and IL-6 (p = 0.0438). There was a significant association between the changes that occur with treatment, in the ALT levels, and changes in leptin (p = 0.0096), inflammation biomarkers [CRP (p = 0.0061), IL-6 (p = 0.0337), NLR (p = 0.0458), PLR (p = 0.0134)], and HOMA-IR (p = 0.0322). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that a decrease in ALT levels after the standard treatment for 9 months was associated with favourable changes in IR markers (HOMA-IR) and inflammation (IL-6, CRP, NLR, and PLR).

Epidemiology of Rink Hockey-Related Injuries.

CONTEXT: Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing, and evaluating injury prevention programs. The aim of this study was to examine the injuries sustained by semiprofessional Spanish rink hockey players and to compare data per playing position. DESIGN: Observational and retrospective. METHODS: Athletes from 21 teams were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire to screen for incidence, injury burden, location, tissue, and onset of injuries. RESULTS: Overall, 101 time loss injuries were reported across 22,241 hours of exposure, giving rise to an incidence rate of 4.5/1000 hours. The main body regions injured were the hip/groin, shoulder, thigh, and head, accounting altogether for 47.5% of all injuries. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, comprising 27.7% of all injuries. Incidence accounted for 3.1/1000 hours during training and 23/1000 hours during games (P < .001). A high number of injuries were caused by contact (46.5%). No differences were found for any of the variables analyzed between outfield players and goalkeepers. CONCLUSION: The injury incidence in rink hockey is moderate, occurring mainly due to a contact mechanism. Preventative measurements should be implemented in rink hockey with a special concern for injuries affecting the hip/groin and head.

Characterising groin pain in rink hockey: Function and five-second squeeze in Spanish players.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between history of past season groin pain and current pain during the five-second squeeze test (5SST) with groin function and adductor strength in rink hockey players. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: First (Ok Liga), Second (Plata) and third division (Bronce) clubs. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight female and 183 male hockey players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seasonal prevalence of groin pain (time/non-time-loss). Adductor strength and pain during the 5SST. Function was evaluated with the Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS). RESULTS: Seasonal time-loss groin pain prevalence was 21%. Male players had 3.5 higher odds of having had an episode of time-loss groin pain during the previous season compared to female players. The adductor relative strength was no different between players with and without previous season groin injury (p = 0.53-0.55), while the HAGOS results differed between groups, with past season groin injury players obtaining lower values in all subscales. HAGOS scores differed between the 5SST pain intensity groups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Male players had higher odds of having had a groin injury in the previous season compared to female players. Players with pain during 5SST and previous season groin injury reported functional deficits, while strength remains identical to their healthy counterparts.

Development of a Neurosurgical Cadaver Laboratory despite Limited Resources.

OBJECTIVE: Our neurosurgical program did not have a cadaver laboratory. The need to create one arose following a decrease in elective cranial cases at our institution after Hurricane Maria. Many neurosurgical programs are in countries where financial support for projects such as developing a cadaver research laboratory cannot be expected from their parent institutions. This article describes how, despite limited resources, a neurosurgical cadaver dissection laboratory can be created and maintained to promote resident education and stimulate future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The University of Puerto Rico Institutional Review Board evaluated and approved the proposal for creating a neurosurgical cadaver laboratory. The process to establish the laboratory was broken into steps. After obtaining the basic materials, the laboratory was created. RESULTS: The creation of our neurosurgical cadaver laboratory was divided into discrete steps that can be undertaken by any institution with a similar goal. First, a suitable workspace was identified. Second, the surgical instruments and equipment required to perform dissections were obtained. Third, cadaveric specimens for dissection and for practicing surgical approaches were acquired. Last, documentation regarding the laboratory's development was maintained, and an expansion plan was created. We created a dissection laboratory by gathering decommissioned or donated operating room equipment, seeking out contributions from other institutions, and, sometimes, by monetary contribution from the faculty or residents. CONCLUSION: Clear goals, interdepartmental collaboration, and a high degree of motivation were essential in creating, despite limited resources, a working neurosurgical cadaver laboratory to improve resident education.

Injury Characteristics among Young Adults during and Immediately after the COVID-19 Lockdown.

The lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic inherently changed people's lifestyles. Forty-eight days of isolation led to worsening physical fitness in addition to the development of other unhealthy habits. The aim of this study was to describe sport-related injuries in the active general population. Physical therapy centres and sports medicine clinics were contacted via e-mail, seeking patients who had sustained an injury during or immediately (up to two weeks) after the lockdown. Patients who agreed to participate completed an online survey that followed the International Olympic Committee Statement. The questionnaire focused on physical exercise habits, type of injury, location and tissue affected. A total of 51 females and 67 males (30.5, SD = 8.8 years) participated in the study. Eighty percent of the participants performed aerobic training sessions, while the rest dedicated their workouts to strength training. Two in every three injuries were located in the lower limbs, and 80% affected the musculoskeletal tissue. Of all the injuries recorded, 67% occurred during the first week after lockdown. The number of aerobic exercise sessions was positively correlated with lower limb injuries (χ2 = 17.12, p < 0.05). Exercise habits should be considered when planning to return to a sport after a period of confinement to avoid injury.

A coarse-grained approach to model the dynamics of the actomyosin cortex.

BACKGROUND: The dynamics of the actomyosin machinery is at the core of many important biological processes. Several relevant cellular responses such as the rhythmic compression of the cell cortex are governed, at a mesoscopic level, by the nonlinear interaction between actin monomers, actin crosslinkers, and myosin motors. Coarse-grained models are an optimal tool to study actomyosin systems, since they can include processes that occur at long time and space scales, while maintaining the most relevant features of the molecular interactions. RESULTS: Here, we present a coarse-grained model of a two-dimensional actomyosin cortex, adjacent to a three-dimensional cytoplasm. Our simplified model incorporates only well-characterized interactions between actin monomers, actin crosslinkers and myosin, and it is able to reproduce many of the most important aspects of actin filament and actomyosin network formation, such as dynamics of polymerization and depolymerization, treadmilling, network formation, and the autonomous oscillatory dynamics of actomyosin. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the present model can be used to study the in vivo response of actomyosin networks to changes in key parameters of the system, such as alterations in the attachment of actin filaments to the cell cortex.

Injury in CrossFit®: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Risk Factors.

OBJECTIVE: To review the characteristics of the injuries among CrossFit® practitioners, including prevalence and incidence, nature, location, and risk factors. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from inception through August 2020, and English-language articles reporting on CrossFit®-related injuries were included. Data including sample (sex, age, and demographics) and injuries' characteristics (prevalence, incidence rate, nature, location, percentage of injuries requiring surgery and risk factors) were extracted. RESULTS: Overall, twenty-five studies involving a total of 12,079 CrossFit® practitioners met the inclusion criteria. The mean prevalence of injuries among the included studies was 35.3%, with an incidence rate varying between 0.2 and 18.9 per 1000 hours of training. The most injured areas were shoulder (26%), spine (24%), and knee (18%). Among the studies that reported the injuries requiring surgery, the mean percentage was 8.7%. Regarding the risk factors associated with injuries, older age, male sex, a greater body mass index, the existence of previous injuries, the lack of coach supervision, the experience on CrossFit® and the participation in competitions were reported by the studies. CONCLUSIONS: CrossFit® training has an injury incidence rate similar to weightlifting and powerlifting. Findings from the studies suggest that the most affected areas are shoulder, spine, and knee. The limited quality of the studies prevents us from drawing solid conclusions about injury risk factors.

Tumor filodes bilateral, una rara forma de manifestación clínica: reporte de caso / Bilateral phyllodes tumor, a rare form of clinical presentation: A case report

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La incidencia de tumores filodes es del 0.3 al 1% de todos los tumores primarios de la mama. Su presentación bilateral puede ser sincrónica o asincrónica y es excepcional. Estos tumores se clasifican (OMS) en fibroepiteliales, benignos, limítrofes o malignos. Aparecen en mujeres con límites muy amplios de edad, aunque lo más frecuente es entre los 35 y 55 años. El diagnóstico definitivo se establece con base en el reporte histopatológico. Su tratamiento es quirúrgico. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 50 años, con antecedentes obstétricos de dos embarazos y dos cesáreas. Acudió a consulta debido a la aparición de una masa palpable en ambas mamas. Carecía de antecedentes relevantes para cáncer de mama. Con base en la mastografía se determinó que se trataba de un tumor categoría BI-RADS 4A. La biopsia excisional, con estudio transoperatorio, determinó que era un tumor filodes de bajo grado (benigno). Se procedió a la extirpación de ambos tumores, con márgenes libres suficientes, a fin de disminuir el riesgo de recidivas. Se determinó un plan de seguimiento con mastografía anual en las que se ha obtenido la categoría BI-RADS 2. Hasta el momento, la paciente permanece libre de enfermedad. CONCLUSIONES: Los tumores filodes son sumamente raros y más aún su aparición bilateral. Es importante integrar un diagnóstico temprano y efectuar un correcto procedimiento quirúrgico que evite las recidivas porque éstas tienden a ser cada vez más agresivas. Sigue siendo motivo de controversia la indicación de radioterapia y quimioterapia en estos tumores, que solo se reservan como tratamiento alternativo ante tumores sumamente agresivos.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The incidence of phyllodes tumors is 0.3% to 1% of all primary breast tumors. Their bilateral presentation may be synchronous or asynchronous and is exceptional. These tumors are classified (WHO) as fibroepithelial, benign, borderline or malignant. They appear in women with very wide age limits, although the most frequent is between 35 and 55 years of age. The definitive diagnosis is established based on the histopathological report. Treatment is surgical. CLINICAL CASE: 50-year-old patient with obstetric history of two pregnancies and two cesarean sections. She came for consultation due to the appearance of a palpable mass in both breasts. She had no relevant history of breast cancer. Based on the mastography it was determined to be a BI-RADS 4A category tumor. The excisional biopsy, with trans-operative study, determined that it was a low-grade (benign) phyllodes tumor. Both tumors were excised, with sufficient free margins, in order to reduce the risk of recurrence. A follow-up plan was determined with annual mastography in which BI-RADS category 2 has been obtained. So far, the patient remains free of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Phyllodes tumors are extremely rare and even more so their bilateral occurrence. It is important to integrate an early diagnosis and to perform a correct surgical procedure to avoid recurrences because they tend to be more and more aggressive. The indication of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in these tumors remains controversial and is only reserved as an alternative treatment for highly aggressive tumors.