Diagnosis of subtle syndesmotic instability using conventional CT-imaging and axial force in different foot positions.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is no available method that can objectively and reliably detect subtle instability of the distal tibiofibular joint. The purpose of this study is to diagnose, using computerized axial tomography and an adjustable simulated loading device, subtle instability of the tibiofibular syndesmosis. METHODS: Fifteen healthy individuals and 15 patients with clinical suspicion of subtle instability of the tibiofibular syndesmosis (total 60 ankles) were studied using an adjustable simulated loading device (ASLD). This device allows to perform bilateral ankle CT scans in two forced foot and ankle positions (30° of plantar flexion, 15° of inversion, 20° of internal rotation and 15° of dorsal flexion, 15° of eversion, 30° of external rotation). Axial load was applied simultaneously in a controlled manner (70% body weight). Measurements on the axial image of computed tomography were: syndesmotic area (SA), fibular rotation (FR), position of the fibula in the sagittal plane (FPS), depth of the incisura (ID), anterior direct difference (ADD), middle direct difference (MDD) and posterior direct difference (PDD). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in the variable syndesmotic area between healthy (mean=-0.14, SD=4.33) and diseased (mean=16.82, SD=12.3)(p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the variables ADD, MDD, PDD, ID, FPS and FR. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of syndesmotic area employing axial force and forced foot positions using the ASLD may be useful for the diagnosis of subtle tibiofibular syndesmosis instability.

Short neck-preserving femoral stem for total hip arthroplasty: medium-term results of a 68-case series.

INTRODUCTION: Short stems seem to be a good alternative for young patients as they offer promising results, rapid recovery and preservation of metaphyseal bone stock. This is one of the few studies in the literature to report medium-term clinical-radiological results for short hip stems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study evaluated 68 short femoral stems in 63 patients treated with total hip replacement. Clinical, functional and quality-of-life outcomes were measured at 6 and 12 months, and annually thereafter until the end of follow-up. The radiological analysis included measurements of potential leg length discrepancies, stem alignment and signs compatible with stress shielding. RESULTS: Fifty-four males (59 hips) and nine females (9 hips) of an average age of 44.3 years (range, 25-68) were studied. The most common diagnosis was osteoarthritis (51.5%). Mean overall follow-up was 7.8 years (range, 5.8-9.8). The overall survival rate was 97.1% (95% CI 88.7-99.7%). Surgery resulted in an increase of 42.3 ± 1.1 points in the modified Harris Hip Score and 21.9 ± 0.6 points in the Oxford Hip Score (p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the pain score as measured on a numerical rating scale (NRS) improved from 95.8 to 36.3. As regards function, an improvement was observed from 3.2 ± 0.8 points to 6.8 ± 1.14 points on the University of California at Los Angeles activity score (p < 0.001, respectively). The radiological analysis showed an absence of radiolucencies or stress-shielding throughout the series. The complications rate at the end of follow-up was 5.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of ultra-short cylindrical stems with complete anchorage in the femoral neck was shown to offer promising medium-term results. Such stems appear to be a good option for young patients, who are likely to require several revisions over their lifetime.

Needs, Perceived Support, and Hospital Readmissions in Patients with Severe Mental Illness.

People with severe mental illness have multiple and complex needs that often are not addressed. The purpose of this study was to analyse needs and support perceived and the relationship with hospital readmission. We assessed 100 patients with severe mental illness at discharge from an acute inpatient unit in terms of needs (Camberwell Assessment of Needs), clinical status (The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale), and social functioning (Personal and Social Performance); we also followed up these patients for 1 year. The group of patients who were readmitted had more total needs than did the non-readmitted, in addition to more unmet needs, although the differences were not significant. The highest risk factor for rehospitalisation was the number of previous admissions. In addition, the help of informal carers in alleviating psychological distress was associated with the risk of readmission. The main conclusion concerns the role of the psychological support provided by informal networks in preventing readmission.

Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention Program for Restraint Prevention in an Acute Spanish Psychiatric Ward.

BACKGROUND: International recommendations have called to implement strategies to reduce the use of coercion in psychiatric settings. However, in Spain there is a lack of research about intervention programs to reduce mechanical restraint in acute psychiatric units. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multimodal intervention program based on the principles of six core strategies to reduce the frequency of use of mechanical restraint in an acute psychiatric ward. DESIGN: The design was a retrospective analysis of the frequency and duration of episodes of mechanical restraint prior to the intervention program (2012) and during the intervention program (2013) in one acute psychiatric ward. The intervention was governed by four strategies: (1) leadership and organizational changes, (2) registration and monitoring of risk patients, (3) staff training, and (4) involving patients in the treatment program. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the mean number of monthly episodes of mechanical restraint per 1,000 patient days, pre-intervention (18.54 ± 8.78) compared with postintervention (8.53 ± 7.00; p = .005). We found the probability that mechanical restraint would occur in a hospital admission decreased after performing the intervention (odds ratio = .587; confidence interval = 0.411-0.838; p = .003) after adjusting for confounding variables. The total percentage of restrained patients fell from 15.07% to 9.74%. CONCLUSIONS: The main implication of the study is to support the effectiveness of specific intervention programs based on different measures to reduce mechanical restraint and without contemplating all the strategies that are considered effective.

Effects of a Regulatory Protocol for Mechanical Restraint and Coercion in a Spanish Psychiatric Ward.

PURPOSE: There is still limited information on what type of measures are most efficient to reduce coercion. The aim of this study was to determine if the introduction of a new regulatory protocol in a specific psychiatric ward in Andalusia (Spain) contributed to reducing the use of mechanical restraint. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included a comparison of two time periods: 2005 (one year before the implementation of the new regulatory protocol) and 2012, in all hospitalized patients (N=1,094). The study also analyzes with logistic regression the variables related to a shorter duration of mechanical restraint. FINDINGS: Mechanical restraint rate per year was reduced, not significantly, from 18.2% to 15.1%. The average duration of each mechanical restraint episode was significantly reduced from 27.91 to 15.33 hr. The following variables have been associated with a shorter period of coercion: being female and the year of restraint (2012). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Specific plans are required, including different interventions, in order to achieve marked reduction in the use of coercive measures.

[Comparative study of two models that use biochemical parameters for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C]. / Estudio comparativo de dos modelos que utilizan parámetros bioquímicos en el diagnóstico no invasivo de la fibrosis hepática en pacientes con hepatitis C.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several models for the prediction of liver fibrosis have been developed which consist of the measurement of routine laboratory data: a) a model combining platelets, gamma-glutamil-transpeptidase, cholesterol and age (Forns model), and b) a model using an aspartate-aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Our study was aimed to compare both non-invasive methods to predict mild fibrosis (F0-F1) or to confirm advanced fibrosis (F3, F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included 199 patients with chronic hepatitis. The average age (standard deviation) was 41 (11) years (16-66), and there were 117 men and 82 women. We found a genotype 1 in 108 patients (54.2%), 45 had a non-1 genotype (22.6%), and 46 (23.1%) had an unknown genotype. Mild fibrosis stage (F0-F1) was found in 96 patients, F2 in 52 and advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) in 51 patients. We calculated the APRI and the Forns's index. RESULTS: Patients infected with genotype 1 were older (44 [11] vs 36 [4.3] years; p = 0.001), presented higher levels of cholesterol (179 [40] vs 160 [42] mg/dl; p = 0.05) and lower levels of alanine-aminotransferase (112 [86] vs 169 [87] IU/l; p = 0.03). The Forns's model predicted mild fibrosis (F0-F1) in 71.4% while the APRI model did it in 72.7%. The Forns's model confirmed advanced fibrosis in 78.6% against 54.2% from the APRI one. The predictive capacity in both models increased when analyzing patients with the genotype 1. Moreover, the predictive capacity of advanced fibrosis or exclusion of significant fibrosis reached more than 90% when both models were used together in patients with a genotype 1. CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive methods for the prediction of liver fibrosis can be very useful in clinical practice, mainly in patients with genotype 1 when the two methods are used together.

Estudio comparativo de dos modelos que utilizan parámetros bioquímicos en el diagnóstico no invasivo de la fibrosis hepática en pacientes con hepatitis C / Comparative study of two models that use biochemical parameters for the non-invasive diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Recientemente se han desarrollado 2 modelos de cálculo de fibrosis utilizando parámetros bioquímicos analizados en la práctica habitual: a) las plaquetas, la gammaglutamiltranspeptidasa, el colesterol y la edad (índice Forns) y b) el cociente aspartato ahh aminotransferasa/plaquetas (APRI). El objetivo de nuestro estudio ha sido comparar la utilidad de ambos métodos no invasivos para detectar fibrosis leve (F0-F1) o fibrosis avanzada (F3-F4) en pacientes con hepatitis C crónica. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Incluimos a 199 pacientes (117 varones y 82 mujeres) con hepatitis crónica C, con una edad media (desviación estándar) de 41 (11) años (extremos, 16-66). Un totalde 108 pacientes (54,2%) eran de genotipo 1, 45 de genotipo no 1 (22,6%), y en 46 (23,1%)se desconocía el genotipo. La distribución de los pacientes según el estadio de fibrosis fue:leve (F0-F1) en 96 pacientes, F2 en 52 y avanzado (F3-F4) en 51. Calculamos el resultado delíndice APRI y del índice de Forns. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes infectados por el genotipo 1 eran mayores (media de 44 [11] frente a 36 [4,3] años; p = 0,001), presentaban valores más altos de colesterol (media de 179 [40]frente a 160 [42] mg/dl; p = 0,05) e inferiores de alaninaminotransferasa (media de 112 [86]frente a 169 [87] UI/l; p = 0,03). El modelo de Forns predijo fibrosis leve (F0-F1) en el 71,4%mientras que el modelo APRI lo consigue en un 72,7%. El modelo de Forns predice fibrosis avanzada en el 78,6% frente al 54,2% del modelo APRI. La capacidad predictiva de ambos modelos aumentó al analizar de forma separada el grupo de pacientes con hepatitis C de genotipo1, sobre todo cuando se utilizaron de forma conjunta, demostrando una capacidad de predecir fibrosis leve (F0-F1) del 95,2% y de detectar fibrosis avanzada del 91,7%.CONCLUSIONES: Los métodos bioquímicos no invasivos para la predicción de la fibrosis pueden ser muy útiles en la práctica clínica, sobre todo en el grupo de pacientes con hepatitis C genotipo1, cuando se utilizan ambos modelos de forma conjunta

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several models for the prediction of liver fibrosis have been developed which consist of the measurement of routine laboratory data: a) a model combining platelets,gamma-glutamil-transpeptidase, cholesterol and age (Forns model), and b) a model using an aspartate-aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Our study was aimed to compareboth non- invasive methods to predict mild fibrosis (F0-F1) or to confirm advanced fibrosis (F3,F4) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.PATIENTS AND METHOD: We included 199 patients with chronic hepatitis. The average age (standard deviation) was 41 (11) years (16-66), and there were 117 men and 82 women. We founda genotype 1 in 108 patients (54.2%), 45 had a non-1 genotype (22.6%), and 46 (23.1%)had an unknown genotype. Mild fibrosis stage (F0-F1) was found in 96 patients, F2 in 52 and advanced fibrosis (F3-F4) in 51 patients. We calculated the APRI and the Forns’s index. RESULTS: Patients infected with genotype 1 were older (44 [11] vs 36 [4.3] years; p = 0.001),presented higher levels of cholesterol (179 [40] vs 160 [42] mg/dl; p = 0.05) and lower levels of alanine-aminotransferase (112 [86] vs 169 [87] IU/l; p = 0.03). The Forns’s model predicted mild fibrosis (F0-F1) in 71.4% while the APRI model did it in 72.7%. The Forns’s model confirmed advanced fibrosis in 78.6% against 54.2% from the APRI one. The predictive capacity in both models increased when analyzing patients with the genotype 1. Moreover, the predictive capacity of advanced fibrosis or exclusion of significant fibrosis reached more than 90%when both models were used together in patients with a genotype 1.CONCLUSIONS: Non-invasive methods for the prediction of liver fibrosis can be very useful in clinical practice, mainly in patients with genotype 1 when the two methods are used together