ABSTRACT
Este documento de posicionamiento describe los aspectos más relevantes e imprescindibles sobre la valoración integral y multidimensional del anciano hospitalizado. El cambio del patrón demográfico y del perfil epidemiológico de las enfermedades requiere una adaptación de los Servicios de Medicina Interna, que tengan en cuenta las vulnerabilidades de las personas ancianas en este contexto. Una valoración integral y multidimensional y la elaboración multidisciplinar de un plan de atención durante el ingreso pueden tener un impacto para evitar mortalidad, discapacidad e institucionalización al alta. Es necesario que todos los internistas adquiramos competencias para mejorar la experiencia de la hospitalización en la persona mayor y obtengamos mejores resultados en salud en nuestros pacientes. Este documento lo ha desarrollado el Grupo Focal de Envejecimiento y el Grupo de Trabajo de Pluripatología y Edad Avanzada, y está avalado por la Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (AU)
This position paper describes the most relevant and essential aspects of a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of hospitalized elderly people. The change in demographic patterns and the epidemiological profiles of diseases makes it necessary for internal medicine departments to adapt in order to take into account the vulnerabilities of the elderly in this context. A comprehensive, multidimensional assessment and the multidisciplinary development of a care plan during hospitalization can have an impact in terms of preventing mortality, disability, and institutionalization at discharge. It is necessary for all internists to acquire skills to improve the hospitalization experience in the elderly and obtain better health outcomes in our patients. This document has been developed by the Focus Group on Aging and the Polypathological and Advanced Age Working Group and endorsed by the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Health Services for the Aged , Integral Healthcare Practice , Hospitalization , Societies, Medical , SpainABSTRACT
This position paper describes the most relevant and essential aspects of a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of hospitalized elderly people. The change in demographic patterns and the epidemiological profiles of diseases makes it necessary for internal medicine departments to adapt in order to take into account the vulnerabilities of the elderly in this context. A comprehensive, multidimensional assessment and the multidisciplinary development of a care plan during hospitalization can have an impact in terms of preventing mortality, disability, and institutionalization at discharge. It is necessary for all internists to acquire skills to improve the hospitalization experience in the elderly and obtain better health outcomes in our patients. This document has been developed by the Focus Group on Aging and the Polypathological and Advanced Age Working Group and endorsed by the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
Subject(s)
Hospitalization , Internal Medicine , Aged , Humans , Aging , SpainABSTRACT
This position paper describes the most relevant and essential aspects of a comprehensive, multidimensional assessment of hospitalized elderly people. The change in demographic patterns and the epidemiological profiles of diseases makes it necessary for internal medicine departments to adapt in order to take into account the vulnerabilities of the elderly in this context. A comprehensive, multidimensional assessment and the multidisciplinary development of a care plan during hospitalization can have an impact in terms of preventing mortality, disability, and institutionalization at discharge. It is necessary for all internists to acquire skills to improve the hospitalization experience in the elderly and obtain better health outcomes in our patients. This document has been developed by the Focus Group on Aging and the Polypathological and Advanced Age Working Group and endorsed by the Spanish Society of Internal Medicine.
ABSTRACT
Los pacientes pluripatológicos tienen unas características clínicas, funcionales, psicoafectivas, sociofamiliares y espirituales específicas. Son generalmente de edad avanzada, frágiles, con frecuentes descompensaciones, uso frecuente de recursos sanitarios, deterioro funcional importante y un elevado índice de dependencia; de lo que se deriva un importante impacto social, mortalidad elevada y consumo de recursos. Los modelos asistenciales actuales no han dado respuesta a estas necesidades, lo que produce problemas en la accesibilidad a los servicios sanitarios, descoordinación entre estos, mayor probabilidad de eventos adversos relacionados con la polimedicación y un alto consumo de recursos. En la última década, los modelos asistenciales están cambiando y se caracterizan por el trabajo en equipo multidisciplinar e interniveles, el autocuidado del paciente, la disponibilidad de herramientas para la toma de decisiones, los sistemas de información y comunicación y la prevención. Se pretende conseguir un equipo de salud preparado y proactivo y una población de pacientes informados y activados. La evaluación de los resultados en salud, procesos y costes de estos programas, se apoya todavía en evidencias moderadas o bajas. Por ello, no es fácil determinar el tipo e intensidad de las intervenciones, ni los grupos de pacientes sobre los que pueden aportar más beneficios (AU)
Polypathological patients have specific clinical, functional, psychoaffective, social, family and spiritual characteristics. These patients are generally elderly and frail and have frequent decompensations. They frequently use healthcare resources, have significant functional impairment and have a high index of dependence. This results in a significant social impact, high mortality and a high consumption of resources. The current healthcare models have not answered these needs, which causes problems with accessibility to healthcare services, a lack of coordination among these services, a higher probability of adverse events related to polypharmacy and a high consumption of resources. In the past decade, the healthcare models have changed and are characterized by work in multidisciplinary and interlevel teams, patient self-care, the availability of tools for decision making, information and communication systems and prevention. The goal is to have prepared and proactive health teams and an informed and active patient population. The assessment of health results, processes and the costs for these programs is still based on moderate to low evidence. It is therefore not an easy task to determine the type and intensity of interventions or to determine the patient groups that could gain more benefits (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Congresses as Topic , Patient Care/standards , Patient Care , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Health Systems/organization & administration , Health Systems/standardsABSTRACT
Polypathological patients have specific clinical, functional, psychoaffective, social, family and spiritual characteristics. These patients are generally elderly and frail and have frequent decompensations. They frequently use healthcare resources, have significant functional impairment and have a high index of dependence. This results in a significant social impact, high mortality and a high consumption of resources. The current healthcare models have not answered these needs, which causes problems with accessibility to healthcare services, a lack of coordination among these services, a higher probability of adverse events related to polypharmacy and a high consumption of resources. In the past decade, the healthcare models have changed and are characterized by work in multidisciplinary and interlevel teams, patient self-care, the availability of tools for decision making, information and communication systems and prevention. The goal is to have prepared and proactive health teams and an informed and active patient population. The assessment of health results, processes and the costs for these programs is still based on moderate to low evidence. It is therefore not an easy task to determine the type and intensity of interventions or to determine the patient groups that could gain more benefits.
ABSTRACT
The patients being treated in our health care system are becoming increasingly older and have a greater prevalence of chronic diseases. Due to these factors, these patients require greater and easier accessibility to the system as well as continuity of medical care. Collaboration between the different levels of health care has been instrumental in the success of the system and has produced changes in the hospital medical care protocol. Our hospital has developed a care model oriented towards the patient's needs, resulting in a higher grade of satisfaction among the medical professionals. In this paper, we have given a detailed description of part of our medical model, illustrating its different components and indicating several parameters of its evaluation. We have also reviewed the current state of the various models published on this topic. In summary, we believe that this medical care model presents a different approach to management that benefits patients, medical professionals and the health system alike.
Subject(s)
Continuity of Patient Care , Hospitals , Primary Health Care , Continuity of Patient Care/organization & administration , Humans , Models, Organizational , Program EvaluationABSTRACT
Los pacientes atendidos en nuestro sistema sanitario tienen cada vez más edad y mayor prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas. Estas características de salud han condicionado que entre las expectativas de mayor relevancia de los pacientes, se indiquen la accesibilidad al sistema y la continuidad en los cuidados. La colaboración entre los distintos niveles asistenciales ha sido una herramienta reconocida que facilita la consecución de estas expectativas, provocando cambios en la organización del trabajo. Nuestro hospital ha desarrollado un modelo de atención sanitaria que en su orientación al enfermo facilita la colaboración entre los distintos niveles asistenciales, consiguiendo un grado de satisfacción de los profesionales elevado. En este trabajo se describe detalladamente parte del modelo, mostrando los elementos que lo caracterizan, indicando algunos parámetros de la evaluación de resultados y revisando la situación de los modelos de continuidad asistencial publicados. En resumen, consideramos que este sistema asistencial está dotado de elementos de gestión que permiten atender las expectativas de los usuarios, aportando beneficios para el paciente, el profesional y el sistema sanitario (AU)
The patients being treated in our health care system are becoming increasingly older and have a greater prevalence of chronic diseases. Due to these factors, these patients require greater and easier accessibility to the system as well as continuity of medical care. Collaboration between the different levels of health care has been instrumental in the success of the system and has produced changes in the hospital medical care protocol. Our hospital has developed a care model oriented towards the patient's needs, resulting in a higher grade of satisfaction among the medical professionals. In this paper, we have given a detailed description of part of our medical model, illustrating its different components and indicating several parameters of its evaluation. We have also reviewed the current state of the various models published on this topic. In summary, we believe that this medical care model presents a different approach to management that benefits patients, medical professionals and the health system alike (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/methods , Hospital Departments/methods , Cooperative Behavior , Patient Care , Spain , Program EvaluationABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Female , Adult , Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Renal Artery Obstruction/complications , Arteriosclerosis/complications , Renal Artery Obstruction/surgery , Arteriosclerosis/surgery , Angioplasty/methodsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Mesentery , Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse , Fatal Outcome , PeritonitisSubject(s)
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/complications , Mesentery , Peritonitis/etiology , Aged , Fatal Outcome , Female , HumansABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Adult , Female , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Treatment Outcome , Recurrence , Brachial Plexus Neuritis , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Colectomy , Colonoscopy , Crohn Disease , Drainage , Liver Abscess , Klebsiella Infections , Klebsiella pneumoniaeSubject(s)
Abdominal Pain/etiology , Brachial Plexus Neuritis/complications , Crohn Disease/complications , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/therapy , Adult , Brachial Plexus Neuritis/diagnosis , Brachial Plexus Neuritis/rehabilitation , Colectomy/methods , Colonoscopy , Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Crohn Disease/therapy , Female , Humans , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
La hipertensión arterial (HTA) resulta de la interacción entre factores genéticos y ambientales. Aunque las bases genéticas de la enfermedad están firmemente establecidas y el desarrollo en el campo de la biología molecular y genética ha sido muy importante en los últimos años, el avance en el conocimiento de las alteraciones genéticas causantes de la HTA no ha sido muy satisfactorio. Se han identificado las mutaciones genéticas responsables de algunas formas raras de hipertensión de origen mendeliano, pero el estudio de los genes posiblemente implicados en la herencia de la HTA (genes candidatos) ha dado en general resultados contradictorios. En esta revisión resumimos los estudios más recientes y significativos realizados sobre los genes candidatos en la HTA (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseABSTRACT
Approximately 50% of hypertensive patients are salt sensitive (they increase their Blood Pressure in response to sodium intake or volume expansion). Mechanisms underlying salt sensitivity are not completely elucidated although there is evidence that they may be genetically determined. The aim of this study is to establish the relation among some genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAAS) and the beta-3 subunit of the protein G and salt sensitivity. We studied 102 essential hypertensive patients, stage 1-2 and without target organ damage. Salt sensitivity was assessed by the rapid protocol of Weinberger. We determined by polymerase Chain reaction techniques the following polymorphisms: insertion/deletion (I/D) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), A1166C of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), -344C/T and intron 2 conversion (IC) of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), and C825T of the beta-3 subunit of the protein G (GNB3). 41 patients (40.19%) were salt sensitive. The distribution of the different polymorphisms was similar in both groups of patients, but subjects carriers of the W allele of the CYP11B2 IC polymorphism had a greater risk for salt sensitivity as compared with no carriers (37 of 41, 90.2% vs 4 of 41, 9.8%, OR 3.02, P<0.05). Although there is no association between salt sensitivity and the different studied genotypes of the RAAS and of the GNB3, our data show a greater risk for salt sensitivity among carriers of the W allele of the CYP11B2 1C polymorphism.
Subject(s)
Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics , Hypertension/genetics , Hypertension/physiopathology , Renin-Angiotensin System/genetics , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/metabolism , Adult , Aldosterone/blood , Blood Volume/physiology , Female , Genotype , Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/physiology , Humans , Hypertension/chemically induced , Male , Polymorphism, Genetic/physiology , Renin/blood , Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology , Sodium Chloride, Dietary/adverse effectsABSTRACT
No disponible
