Affectivity, sexuality, and autism spectrum disorder: qualitative analysis of the experiences of autistic young adults and their families.

BACKGROUND: Autistic people have communication, sensorial, and social difficulties, which on many occasions, make their adaptation on the sexual and affective levels difficult. For this reason, it is important to know the opinion of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families, to offer this perspective to professionals to facilitate adapted health education programs in mental health units. METHODS: This qualitative descriptive design presents the experiences of autistic individuals and their families in relation to the affective-sexual experiences from individual, family, and social perspectives. Two focus group sessions were held with eight family members and seven individual semi-structured interviews with autistic young adults. The transcripts were qualitatively analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: Four themes (Family and social dynamic; Social behaviour of the autistic individual; Affective-sexual relationships; Addressing affective and sex education) and 13 related categories emerged from these results. Communication and social interaction problems act as barriers for young adults when developing affective-sexual relationships, leading to the emergence of negative feelings and experiences that reinforce avoidance behaviours, further intensifying their difficulties in interacting with others. Families, especially mothers, exhibit a poor perception of their ability to provide affective-sexual guidance, leading to anxiety and frustration. There are also reports of poor sex education and lack of support systems. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The experiences of young people and their families are sometimes conflicting when it comes to affectivity and sexuality, but the parental role emerges as relevant in the sex education process. Families play a pivotal role in sex education, which is why professionals should provide them with support and information through health education programmes, foster empathetic communication and promote sexual and emotional development that is adapted to the characteristics and interests of autistic people.

Affectivity and Sexuality in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder from the Perspective of Education and Healthcare Professionals: A Qualitative Study.

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present several different characteristics that predispose them to greater difficulties with intimate emotional and sexual relationships. This qualitative study uncovers the perspective of education and healthcare professionals on the affective and sexual needs of young people with ASD by analysing their narratives in semi-structured focus group sessions. Professionals highlight the inadequate training they receive in this aspect of health. They consider it should be commonplace for professionals working with autistic people as it would aid their collaborative efforts when treating children and adolescents with ASD. They show that, by working together with the families to establish joint objectives, these professionals can appropriately address sex and affective education, preventing risky behaviours among young people with ASD, and improving the interactions these individuals have with others. Sex and affective education is described as an indispensable tool at this stage of development and should be specially adapted for those with ASD.

Determinants of the Consumption of Regular Soda, Sport, and Energy Beverages in Spanish Adolescents.

Increasing sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) consumption and associated health impacts warrant health-policy action. We assessed associations of socioeconomic and lifestyle variables with adolescents' consumption of regular soda (RSD), sport (SD), and energy (ED) drinks. Cross-sectional study of 3930 Spanish adolescents (2089 girls, 1841 boys) aged 13-18 years). We compared frequency of consuming each SSB type (European Food Safety Authority questionnaire) with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables (standardized questions). RSD, SD, and ED were consumed at least weekly by 72.7%, 32.3%, and 12.3% of participants, respectively, and more frequently (p < 0.001) by boys, compared to girls. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression showed inverse association between RSD, SD, and ED consumption and parental occupation-based socioeconomic status (p < 0.01). Daily smoking was associated (p < 0.001) with higher ED (OR 3.64, 95% CI 2.39-5.55) and RSD (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.56-2.97) consumptions. SD intake was associated inversely with smoking (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.40-0.89, p = 0.012) and directly with physical activity (OR 2.93, 95% CI 2.18-3.95, p < 0.001). School performance was lower among ED (OR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.37-3.35, p = 0.001) and RSD (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.24-2.64, p = 0.002) consumers, compared to SD. Maleness and low socioeconomic status predicted SSB consumption. Smoking and low school performance were associated with higher ED and RSD intakes.

Consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. Estudio BEENIS / Consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. The BEENIS study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente, la gran oferta de bebidas no alcohólicas se agrupa en refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas, todas ellas con un alto contenido en azúcares y su conocido riesgo de obesidad. Cada vez es más frecuente su consumo y en circunstancias no recomendables, con un elevado riesgo sobre la salud. El consumo real de bebidas deportivas y de energéticas no es bien conocido. OBJETIVO: Conocer los hábitos y el consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se obtuvieron las encuestas de 4.769 alumnos de 13 a 18años de Sabadell, Barcelona. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de consumo de bebidas refrescantes se observó en el 92,9% de los alumnos y se realizaba preferentemente en momentos de ocio, durante las comidas y en cualquier momento del día. En deportivas fue del 61,7%, preferentemente al realizar deporte y en momentos de ocio. En energéticas fue del 49,2%, principalmente en momentos de ocio (un 49% las mezclaba con alcohol) y al realizar deporte. El consumo simultáneo de los tres tipos fue del 38%, y las bebidas refrescantes siempre eran las más habituales. DISCUSIÓN: Se describe el consumo bebidas deportivas, normalmente incluidas en las bebidas refrescantes, así como el consumo simultáneo de los tres tipos de bebidas y de los momentos en que son consumidas. Disponemos de un diagnóstico del consumo de estas bebidas en los adolescentes de nuestro ámbito que nos permitirá diseñar y evaluar intervenciones educativas para concienciar a la población adolescente y a sus familias

INTRODUCTION: The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances, as well as an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4,769 schoolchildren from 13 to 18years-old from de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS: The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common. DISCUSSION: A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware

[Consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. The BEENIS study]. / Consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. Estudio BEENIS.

INTRODUCTION: The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances, as well as an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4,769 schoolchildren from 13 to 18years-old from de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS: The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common. DISCUSSION: A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware.

Consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. The BEENIS study.

INTRODUCTION: The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances also an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4769 schoolchildren from 13-18 years-old from Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS: The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common. DISCUSSION: A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware.

Continuidad asistencial desde atención primaria en un plan de cuidados interniveles para un caso de trasplante hepático pediátrico / Assistance continuity from primary care in an inter-level nursing plan for a case of pediatric liver transplant

España es uno de los países donde más trasplantes de órgano sólido se realizan al año, de los cuales, según datos del 2014, un 2,7% se dan en la edad pediátrica. Dada la complejidad y la gravedad de la patología es necesario establecer un plan de cuidados que abarque tanto el pretrasplante como el postrasplante, con una estrecha colaboración entre los diferentes niveles asistenciales para abordar los variados problemas que se presentan y así asegurar la continuidad asistencial. En el siguiente caso, una adolescente de origen gambiano en riesgo de exclusión social hizo que la colaboración entre la enfermera de asistencia primaria y la enfermera de trasplante de órgano sólido fuera clave para dar continuidad a los cuidados. Se utilizaron múltiples estrategias en el plan de cuidados para garantizar una mejor adherencia y cumplimiento terapéutico. A pesar de ello, se ha de profundizar en el conocimiento de la cultura de origen para establecer planes de cuidados más individualizados y mejorar así los resultados. El plan de cuidados incluyó problemas formulados de acuerdo con la taxonomía NANDA, NOC, NIC

Spain is one of the countries where most solid organ transplants are performed each year, in the year 2014 a 2.7% of them were given in childhood. Given the complexity and severity of this disease it is necessary to establish a care plan that covers both pre-transplant and post-transplant, with close cooperation between different levels of care, to approach the several problems that can appear and assure continuum of care. In the following example, a Gambian teen with risk of social exclusion fostered a collaboration between the primary care nurse and transplant nurse that was the key to continuum care. Multiple strategies were used in the care plan to ensure better adherence and compliance of the treatment. However, the knowledge of the culture of origin must be deepened to establish more individualized care plans and thus improve results. The care plan included problems according to the NANDA, NOC, NIC taxonomy

Assistance continuity from primary care in an inter-level nursing plan for a case of pediatric liver transplant. / Continuidad asistencial desde atención primaria en un plan de cuidados interniveles para un caso de trasplante hepático pediátrico.

Spain is one of the countries where most solid organ transplants are performed each year, in the year 2014 a 2.7% of them were given in childhood. Given the complexity and severity of this disease it is necessary to establish a care plan that covers both pre-transplant and post-transplant, with close cooperation between different levels of care, to approach the several problems that can appear and assure continuum of care. In the following example, a Gambian teen with risk of social exclusion fostered a collaboration between the primary care nurse and transplant nurse that was the key to continuum care. Multiple strategies were used in the care plan to ensure better adherence and compliance of the treatment. However, the knowledge of the culture of origin must be deepened to establish more individualized care plans and thus improve results. The care plan included problems according to the NANDA, NOC, NIC taxonomy.