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1.
Arch Esp Urol ; 61(2): 135-46, 2008 Mar.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18491728

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: Although vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a very frequent pathology in the pediatric age and represents an important part of the activity of pediatricians, pediatric urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists, yet there is controversy about its global management both in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this paper is to perform an update in the use of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and followup of VUR and to propose a work up protocol. METHODS: We describe the imaging techniques: VCUG, ultrasound, intravenous urography, bladder-ultrasound, DMSA, MRI, and their role in the evaluation and followup of VUR. We performed a bibliographic review about the topic and present the experience of our working group on VUR. RESULTS: The bibliographic review shows a clear evolution of the concepts of VUR and also the management algorithms. The concepts of congenital renal lesion without urinary tract infection (UTI) or acquired lesion after UTI are clearly differentiated in the most recent reviews. Reflux is passing from being the center of the problem to a secondary phenomenon in relation to UTI, and this is leading to a change of diagnostic strategy, less and less invasive. CONCLUSIONS: VCUG has been to date the first and indisputable technique for the management of VUR, mainly in the diagnostic phase, but technological advances in the area of ultrasound (ultrasound contrasts, harmonic image, etc.) have converted ultrasound in the first imaging technique for the management of VUR in pediatric age. On the other hand, work-up algorithms have changed due to the great impact prenatal diagnosis is having in the management of urinary tract anomalies.


Subject(s)
Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/diagnosis , Algorithms , Humans , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging , Ultrasonography , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/diagnostic imaging
2.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 61(2): 135-146, mar. 2008. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-63169

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: A pesar de que el RVU es una patología muy frecuente en la edad pediátrica y desde hace años ocupa gran parte de la actividad de pediatras, urólogos, nefrólogos y radiólogos pediátricos, sigue siendo controvertido su manejo global tanto en los aspectos diagnósticos como de tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una puesta al día en la utilización de las diferentes técnicas de imagen en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del RVU y proponer un protocolo de estudio. Métodos: Se describen las diferentes técnicas de imagen: CUMS, Ecografía, Urografía intravenosa, Cistosonografía, Cistografía Isotópica, DMSA, Resonancia Magnética y su papel actual en la valoración y seguimiento del RVU. Se hace una revisión de la literatura sobre este tema y aportamos la experiencia de nuestro grupo de trabajo en el RVU. Resultados: La revisión de la literatura pone de manifiesto una clara evolución en los conceptos del RVU y también en los algoritmos de manejo del mismo. El concepto de lesión renal congénita sin infección del tracto urinario (ITU) o lesión adquirida después de una ITU está ya claramente diferenciado en las revisiones mas recientes. El reflujo está pasando de ser el centro del problema a ser un fenómeno secundario en relación a la ITU lo que está llevando a un cambio en la estrategia diagnóstica, cada vez menos invasiva. Conclusiones: La CUMS ha sido hasta ahora la primera e “indiscutible” técnica en el manejo del RVU, sobre todo en la fase diagnóstica, pero los avances tecnológicos en el área de los ultrasonidos (contrastes ecográficos, imagen armónica, etc) han hecho que la ecografía se haya convertido en la principal técnica de imagen en el manejo del RVU en la edad pediátrica. Por otro lado, los algoritmos de estudio del RVU han cambiado por el gran impacto que el diagnóstico prenatal está teniendo en el manejo de las anomalías del aparato urinario (AU)


Objectives: Although vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a very frequent pathology in the pediatric age and represents an important part of the activity of pediatricians, pediatric urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists, yet there is controversy about its global management both in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this paper is to perform an update in the use of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and follow-up of VUR and to propose a work up protocol. Methods: We describe the imaging techniques: VCUG, ultrasound, intravenous urography, bladder-ultrasound, DMSA, MRI, and their role in the evaluation and follow-up of VUR. We performed a bibliographic review about the topic and present the experience of our working group on VUR. Results: The bibliographic review shows a clear evolution of the concepts of VUR and also the management algorithms. The concepts of congenital renal lesion without urinary tract infection (UTI) or acquired lesion after UTI are clearly differentiated in the most recent reviews. Reflux is passing from being the center of the problem to a secondary phenomenon in relation to UTI, and this is leading to a change of diagnostic strategy, less and less invasive. Conclusions: VCUG has been to date the first and indisputable technique for the management of VUR, mainly in the diagnostic phase, but technological advances in the area of ultrasound (ultrasound contrasts, harmonic image, etc.) have converted ultrasound in the first imaging technique for the management of VUR in pediatric age. On the other hand, work-up algorithms have changed due to the great impact prenatal diagnosis is having in the management of urinary tract anomalies (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Prenatal Diagnosis/methods , Urinary Tract/abnormalities , Urinary Tract , Urologic Diseases , Pyelonephritis , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Fluoroscopy/methods , Cystoscopy/methods , Vesico-Ureteral Reflux/epidemiology , Diagnostic Imaging/statistics & numerical data , Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation , Diagnostic Imaging/trends , Dilatation, Pathologic/complications , Kidney/pathology , Kidney , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color/methods
3.
Radiología (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 43(4): 197-201, mayo 2001. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-738

ABSTRACT

El quilotórax en la edad pediátrica generalmente se desarrolla en complicaciones posquirúrgicas de cirugía cardiotorácica y raramente se debe a malformaciones del sistema linfático asociado a síndromes dismórficos. Presentamos dos casos de Síndrome de Noonan con desarrollo de quilotórax neonatal. Ante pacientes con fenotipo Noonan y derrame pleural que se desarrolle en el período neonatal, sin antecedente de trauma obstétrico, está indicado descartar malformación linfática congénita y estudiar el derrame pleural para realizar tratamiento inicial conservador con dieta. Radiografía de tórax, ecografía y TC torácico muestran el derrame pleural y patrón parenquimatoso compatibles con quilotórax y linfangiectasias (AU)


Subject(s)
Female , Infant , Male , Humans , Pleural Effusion/complications , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion , Thorax/pathology , Thorax , Parenteral Nutrition/methods , Parenteral Nutrition , Noonan Syndrome/complications , Noonan Syndrome/diagnosis , Noonan Syndrome , Noonan Syndrome/diet therapy , Diet, Fat-Restricted/methods , Bronchoscopy , Chylothorax/complications , Chylothorax/diagnosis , Chylothorax , Thoracic Surgery/adverse effects , Thoracic Surgery/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiration, Artificial , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Hypertelorism/complications , Hypertelorism/diagnosis , Hypertelorism/etiology , Blepharoptosis/complications , Blepharoptosis/diagnosis , Blepharoptosis/etiology , Chylothorax/epidemiology
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