ABSTRACT
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) H and F are members of a closely related subfamily of hnRNP proteins that are implicated in many aspects of RNA processing. hnRNP H and F are alternative splicing factors for numerous U2- and U12-dependent introns. The proteins have three RNA binding domains and two glycine-rich domains and localize to both the nucleus and cytoplasm, but little is known about which domains govern subcellular localization or splicing activity. We show here that the central glycine-tyrosine-arginine-rich (GYR) domain is responsible for nuclear localization, and a nonclassical nuclear localization signal (NLS) was mapped to a short, highly conserved sequence whose activity was compromised by point mutations. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays demonstrated that the hnRNP H NLS interacts with the import receptor transportin 1. Finally, we show that hnRNP H/F are transcription-dependent shuttling proteins. Collectively, the results suggest that hnRNP H and F are GYR domain-dependent shuttling proteins whose posttranslational modifications may alter nuclear localization and hence function.
