ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is common in active acromegaly and negatively influences quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. This prospective study with 3 predetermined timepoints and a standardized treatment protocol investigates changes in sleep parameters during the first 2.5 years of acromegaly treatment. METHODS: Before initiation of acromegaly treatment (medical pretreatment followed by surgery), polysomnography (PSG) was performed in 27 consecutive patients with treatment-naive acromegaly. PSG was repeated after 1 year (N = 24) and 2.5 years (N = 23), and anthropometric and biochemical parameters were obtained. RESULTS: At baseline, 74.1% of the patients was diagnosed with OSAS. The respiratory disturbance index (RDI; P = 0.001), oxygen desaturation index (ODI; P = 0.001), lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2; P = 0.007) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS; P < 0.001) improved significantly during treatment, with the greatest improvement in the first year. After 2.5 years of treatment, all patients had controlled acromegaly. Of the 16 patients with repeated PSG and OSAS at baseline, 11 (68.8%) were cured of OSAS. Changes in RDI, ODI, LSaO2, and ESS correlated with insulin-like growth factor 1 levels. CONCLUSION: OSAS has a high prevalence in active acromegaly. There is a substantial decrease in prevalence and severity of OSAS following acromegaly treatment, with the largest improvement during the first year. Most patients recover from OSAS following surgical or biochemical control of the acromegaly. Therefore, a PSG is advised after diagnosis of acromegaly. When OSAS is present, it should be treated and PSG should be repeated during acromegaly treatment.
Subject(s)
Acromegaly/complications , Acromegaly/epidemiology , Acromegaly/therapy , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/epidemiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/pathology , Acromegaly/diagnosis , Adenoma/complications , Adenoma/epidemiology , Adenoma/therapy , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Dopamine Agonists/therapeutic use , Female , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/complications , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/epidemiology , Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma/therapy , Human Growth Hormone/analogs & derivatives , Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neurosurgical Procedures , Polysomnography , Prevalence , Prognosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleepiness , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a progressive life-threatening disease characterized by vascular remodeling. There is evidence that varied immune mechanism play an important role in progression of pulmonary hypertension. We describe a case of a 35-year-old woman with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and a novel BMPR2 mutation, who underwent a successful lung transplantation. Extensive granulomatous inflammation was seen in the resected lungs. The granulomatous inflammation found in the histology supports a sarcoid-like reaction due to pulmonary hypertension in the context of the BMPR2 mutation.
